Before Jerusalem Fell

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The Tm.oral Expectation of the Author 137 preted here and in xxii. 6 relatively to Divine measurements of time.”g The Matter of Translation It is a remarkable fact that although these (and numerous other) scholars proffer such understandings of the statement, modern translations almost universally read as ifJohn’s expectation was for a soon eventuation of the prophecies. Notice the following translations of the crucial portion of Revelation 1:1: “must shortly take place” New American Standard Bible New King James Version “must shortly come to pass” American Standard Version Th New i%stament in Modern Speech, by R. F. Weymouth “must soon take place” Revised Standard Version New International Version “must shortly happen” New English Bible “must very soon take place” The New Testament in Modem English, byJ. B. Phillips Tb New Testament in the Language of the People, by Charles B. Williams “what must come to pass very soon” Th Ho~ Bible: A Nm Translation, by James Moffatt “must shortly and speedily come to pass” Amplified Bible “what must happen very soon” Today’s English Version 9. Henry Barclay Swete, Comnwn.tury on Revelation (Grand Rapids: Kregel, [1906] 1977), p. 2.
138 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL “what must happen soon” New I’htarnent in th Lunguage of Today, by William F. Beck The translation under question (i.e., in Revelation 1:1, although the other references cited should be kept in mind, as well) has to do with the proper interpretation of the Greek phrase S% UfiXEL. T&xEl is the dative singular of the noun Z6XW. Lexicographers seem to be universally agreed with the translators as to the meaning of the word. According to the Arndt and Gingrich Lexicon,10 T6XOG is used in the Septuagint (and certain non-canonical writings) to mean “speed, quickness, swiftness, haste.” In the prepositional phrase ~v Z6XEZ, the word is used adverbially in the Septuagint and Josephus to mean “quickly, at once, without delay.” The New Testament uses -cdxoc in this manner, says Arndt and Gingrich, in Acts 10:33; 12:7; 17:15; 22:18. In Luke 18:8; Remans 16:20; 1 Timothy 3:14; Revelation 1:1; and 22:6 this lexicon translates it “soon, in a short time. ” The various entries proffered at the zdxog entry by Thayer]’ include: “quickness, speed” and “quickly, shortly, speedily, soon.” Thayer lists Revelation 1:1 and 22:6 with the “speedily, soon” entries. Abbott-Smith concurs; for the Revelation 1:1 and 22:6 texts he offers: “quickly, speedily, soon. ”12 Hort translates it “shortly, soon.”’3 Noted Greek scholar and church historian Kurt Aland agrees, when he comments on the word as it is used in Revelation 22:12: In the original text, the Greek word used is ra~ti, and this does not mean “soon,“ in the sense of “sometime,” but rather “now,” “immediately.” Therefore, we must understand Rev. 22:12 in this way: “I am coming now, bringing my recompense.” The concluding word of Rev. 22:20 is: “He who testifies to these things says, ‘surely I am coming soon.’” Here we again find the word raxti, so this means: I am coming quickly, immediately. This is followed by the prayer: “Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!” . . . The Apocalypse expresses the fervent wait- 10. W. F. Amdt and F. W. Gingrich, eds., A Greek-English Lextion of tb New Ttitarnent and Other Ear~ Chrirtian Litaature, 4th ed. (Chicago University of Chicago, 1957), pp. 814-815. 11. Joseph Henry Thayer, cd., Greek-English 12xicon of the New T~tumeat (New York: American Book, 1889), p. 616. 12. G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of tlu New Testament, 3rd ed. (Edinburgh: T. &T. Clark, 1950), p. 441. 13. J. F. A. Hort, T/u Apoca@se of St. John: I-HI (London: Macmillan, 1908), p. 6.
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BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL
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BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Dating the Bo
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Dedicated to Dr. Greg L. Bahnsen wh
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Publisher’s Pre
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PUBLISHER’S PREFACE by Gary North
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Publish/s Preface xi of Revelation.
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Publisher’s Preface . . . X111 Po
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Publisher’s Preface xv Th Beret o
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. . . Xvlll BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL I
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PART 1 PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
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4 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Thus, both
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6 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Regarding t
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8 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL noted a qua
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10 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL in 1910 th
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12 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL all, as Re
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14 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Milo Conni
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I 16 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL In the s
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18 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL the two ge
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20 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Regarding
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22 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL conviction
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24 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL to exclude
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26 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL The proble
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28 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL was in tur
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30 Source Documentation We will cit
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32 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Heinrich B
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34 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Hermann Ge
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36 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL James M. M
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38 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Moses Stua
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3 INTRODUCTION TO THE EXTERNAL EVID
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Introduction to the External Eviden
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4 IRENAEUS, BISHOP OF LYONS As we b
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Irenaas, Btihop of Lyons 47 nounced
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Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyn.s 49 (i.e.,
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Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons 51 have b
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along the lines of Chase’s: Irena
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Irenaeu.s, Bishop ofLpns 55 accept
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Irenaeu-s, Bishop of Lyons 57 tian
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Irenaeus, Bishop of Lpn.s 59 rule.
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Irenaew, Bishop of Lyon.s 61 narrat
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Irenaeus, Bishop of Lpns 63 accept
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Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons 65 upon t
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Ireruzeus, Bishop of Lpns 67 John c
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Clement of Alexandria 69 ~17E161j y
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Clement of Alexandria 71 In the Syr
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Clement of Alexandria 73 which lay
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Clement of Alexandria 75 Another pa
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Clcm.ent of Alexandria 77 Book 8 of
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Clement of Alexandria 79 that he wa
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Clement of Alexandria 81 now as the
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Clement of Alexandria 83 of Christ,
Page 102 and 103: Clemwn.t of Alexandria 85 here at M
Page 104 and 105: Additional Extend Witnases 87 he ac
Page 106 and 107: Additional External Witnases 89 Wit
Page 108 and 109: Additional External Witnesses 91 mo
Page 110 and 111: Additional External Witnesses 93 Wi
Page 112 and 113: Additional Ext+mal Witnesses 95 als
Page 114 and 115: Additional External Witnesses 97 vi
Page 116 and 117: Additional External Witnesses 99 St
Page 118 and 119: Additional External Witnesses 101 I
Page 120 and 121: Additional Ex.%mnal Witnesses 103 p
Page 122 and 123: Additional External Witwsses 105 It
Page 124 and 125: Additional External Witnesses 107 R
Page 126 and 127: Additional External Witnesses 109 a
Page 128 and 129: 7 THE ROLE OF INTERNAL EVIDENCE We
Page 130 and 131: The Role of Intemtal Euiderwe 115 l
Page 132 and 133: Tb Role of Internal Euidence 117 an
Page 134 and 135: The Role of Internal Evio%nce 119 t
Page 136 and 137: 8 THE THEME OF REVELATION Although
Page 138 and 139: Tb Theme of Revelation 123 import i
Page 140 and 141: The Theme ofl?evelation 125 you als
Page 142 and 143: Tb Th of Revelation 127 Clearly, th
Page 144 and 145: Tb Thm of Rmelatwn 129 And in this
Page 146 and 147: The Thaw of Revelation 131 substanc
Page 148 and 149: 9 THE TEMPORAL EXPECTATION OF THE A
Page 150 and 151: Inadequate Views Tb Tmporal Expecta
Page 154 and 155: The Temporal Expectation of the Aut
Page 156 and 157: Tb Temporal Expectation of the Auth
Page 158 and 159: Th Tmporal Expectation of tlu Autho
Page 160 and 161: Th Tmporal Expectation of the Autho
Page 162 and 163: Th ldenti~ of th Sixth King 147 in
Page 164 and 165: Th Identi~ of th Sixth King 149 req
Page 166 and 167: Th Identi@ of th Sixth King 151 he
Page 168 and 169: The Identip of th Sixth King 153 Ga
Page 170 and 171: The Idh.tip of the Sixth King 155 t
Page 172 and 173: The Identip of the Sixth King 157 T
Page 174 and 175: Th Identip of the Sixth King 159 by
Page 176 and 177: The ldenti~ of tb Sixth King 161 to
Page 178 and 179: The Zci2n.ti~ of t/w Sixth King 163
Page 180 and 181: 11 THE CONTEMPOIURY INTEGRITY OF TH
Page 182 and 183: Th Contempora~ Integrity of th Temp
Page 184 and 185: The Conte-mPora~ lntegri~ of the Te
Page 186 and 187: The Contemporary Integtip of the Te
Page 188 and 189: Th ContemPora~ Integrip of the Temp
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Page 192 and 193: The Contempora~ Integri~ of the Tem
Page 194 and 195: T4.e Contempora~ Integrigv of the T
Page 196 and 197: Tb Contempora~ Integrip of tb Templ
Page 198 and 199: The Contemporap Integrip of the Tmp
Page 200 and 201: The Contemporary Integrip of tfw Tm
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Tb Contempora~ Integtip of the Temp
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The ContemPora~ Integtip of the Tem
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Tb Contanpora~ Integrip of the Tmpl
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12 THE ROLE OF NERO CAESAR In an ea
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The Role of Nero Caesar 195 In Suet
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The Role of Nero Caesar 197 051 all
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The Role of Nero Caesar 199 666. An
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T/w Role of Nero Caesar 201 them co
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Th Role of Nero Caesar 203 the Beas
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The Early Fathers The Role of Nero
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I’%e Role ofNero Caesar 207 ‘Ti
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Th Role of Nero Caesar 209 represen
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Tb Role of Nero Caaar 211 between l
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The Role of Nero Caaar 213 Hellenis
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Th Role of Nero Caesar 215 family.
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The Beast’s Red Color The Role of
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Tb Role of Nero Caesar 219 Surely N
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Th Role ofJmish Chri@izni~ 221 focu
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Tb Role ofJewtih Christiani~ 223 ci
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Tb Role ofJiwish Christianip 225 wi
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The Role ofJewish Christiani~ 227 w
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A Catena of Scholars Th Role ofJewt
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The Role ofJ2wish Christianity 231
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The Looming Jewtih War 233 ofJudaea
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Trk Looming Jewish War 235 prophesi
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Th Looming Jmish War 237 Mariamne,
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Tb Looming Jmtih War 239 Here then,
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Th Looming Jewish War 241 to histor
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Th Looming Jewish War 243 way diffe
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Tb Looming Jwish War 245 Perhaps on
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The Looming Jewish War 247 Such sho
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T/u Looming Jewish War 249 ity and
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The Looming Jewish War 251 against
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Th Looming Jewi.rh War 253 Now from
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Tb Looming Jmish War 255 With frets
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PART N ALLEGED DOMITIANIC EVIDENCES
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260 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL tions tha
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262 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Christian
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264 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL The Pre-N
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266 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL temple of
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268 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL was repre
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270 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Now, one
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272 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Suetonius
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274 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Who is th
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276 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL sion of I
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278 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL imperial
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280 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL tonius re
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282 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL The Jews
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284 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL rode as t
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286 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL introduct
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288 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Often New
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290 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL The Suita
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292 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL To the ad
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294 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL had thus
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296 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Hort conc
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298 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Pliny kne
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18 THE NERO REDIVZVUS MYTH Morris
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302 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL was heale
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304 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL does not
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306 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL As a matt
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308 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Early Dat
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310 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Nero’s
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312 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL well-know
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314 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL this is t
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316 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL head/king
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19 THE CONDITION OF THE SEVEN CHURC
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320 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL an enrich
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322 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL necessari
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324 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL authors h
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326 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Furthermo
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328 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL he left t
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330 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Another i
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20 CONCLUDING REMARKS In the field
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Concluding Remarks 335 their statem
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Concluding Remarks 337 men” to Ch
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340 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Although
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342 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Clearing
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344 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL “Early
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346 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL John’s
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348 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL from the
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350 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL In his Ec
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352 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL As a matt
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SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY I: MODERN WRITI
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Select Bibliography I: Modern Writi
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Select Bibliography 1: Modern Writi
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Select Bibliography Z: Modern Wi-it
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Select Bibliography Z: Modem Writin
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Select Bibliography 1: Modem Wi-iti
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ANCIENT SOURCES Agbar th King and A
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Philostratus. Li@ of Apollonius of
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380 11:6-9 11:9 19:1 34:11 46:6 48:
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382 2:40 2:41 243 2:46 3:1 3:13 3:1
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1:17 1:19 2 2:3 2:3, 13 2:4,5 2:5,
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386 226,7, 133 12,20 22:6,10, 164 1
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388 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Brown, Da
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390 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Harrison,
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392 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL 66n, 286n
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394 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Volter, 1
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396 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Papias (S
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398 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL identity,
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400 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Rome - em
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402 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL James the
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Music, 273. Mystery, 11, 105, 146,
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406 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Province(
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408 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL Snake(s)
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