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SESSION 3: PATHOGENESIS – EPIDEMIOLOGY AND POPULATION
GENETICS
New emerging trichothecene-producing Fusarium
species in northern Europe and Asia
T. Yli-Mattila 1 , T. Hussien 1,3 , T. Gagkaeva 2
1 Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-
20014 Turku, Finland, 2
Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, All-Russian Institute of Plant
Protection (VIZR), Podbelskogo 3, St. Petersburg-Pushkin, 196608, Pushkin, Russia; 3 Mycotoxins
Lab, Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminant, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
E-mail: tymat@utu.fi
The trichothecene-producing species can be divided into type A (e.g. T-2 and HT-
2) and type B trichothecene (e.g. DON and NIV)-producers. Lineage 7 of
Fusarium graminearum (= F. graminearum sensu stricto) dominates in northern
Europe and has been replacing the closely related F. culmorum. The 3ADON
chemotype of F. graminearum is prevalent in Scandinavia, Finland and northwestern
Russia, while the 15ADON chemotype of F. graminearum is more
common in the more southern areas in Europe and China. Both chemotypes of F.
graminearum are common in the Russian Far East together with the 3ADON
chemotype of F. ussurianum and the 15ADON chemotype of F. vorosii. F. poae
and F. sporotrichioides belong to type A trichothecene producers, but only a few
F. poae isolates can produce small amounts of T-2 and HT-2. NIV is the main
mycotoxin produced by F. poae. F. langsethiae is a new European species of type
A trichothecene producer. F. langsethiae can be divided into two lineages based
on molecular markers. T-2-producing F. sibiricum isolates, which are
morphologically like F. poae, have a unique long TG repeat in ribosomal IGS
region. F. sibiricum is distributed in Siberia and Russian Far East with two single
isolates from Norway and Iran. So, it is probable that the actual distribution of F.
sibiricum will be much larger than the present known distribution.
The partial IGS sequence of the Iranian F. sibiricum strain is identical with other F.
sibiricum strains on both sides of the long TG repeat. In F. sporotrichioides and F.
langsethiae the TG repeat is 8-20 bp long, while in F. sibiricum isolates including
the Norwegian and Iranian isolates it is at least 30 nucleotides long. The sizes of
the PCR products obtained by using primers CNL12 and IGSpulvr can be used for
identification of F. sibiricum isolates.
Keywords: Fusarium ussurianum, F. vorosii, F. sibiricum, ribosomal IGS
sequences
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