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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUROPE AND WORLDWIDE P141 - Digestibility and absorption of deoxynivalenol- 3-β-glucoside in in vitro models M. de Nijs, H. van den Top, L. Portier, G. Oegema, E. Kramer, H. van Egmond, R. Hoogenboom RIKILT Wageningen UR, PO Box 230, NL-6700AE Wageningen, The Netherlands E-mail: monique.denijs@wur.nl Transformation of mycotoxins into glucosides is one of the defences of plants against toxic effects of mycotoxins. If these masked-mycotoxins are hydrolysed into their parent compounds in the gastro- intestinal tract (GI-tract), exposure might be increased. Aim of the study was to determine possible transformation and translocation of 3-β-glucoside (D3G) and deoxynivalenol (DON) using two in vitro models. The fed in vitro digestion model was used to study transformation in the upper GI tract. Samples of baby food were spiked with DON, D3G or left blank. The in vitro intestinal absorption model with Caco-2 cells seeded in Transwells was used to study transformation and translocation. DON, D3G or no mycotoxin (blank) was added to the apical side of the Caco-2 cell layer, while only blank medium was added to the basolateral side. Samples were taken from both compartments after 0, 4 and 24 hours. Concentrations of DON, D3G and DOM-1 were analysed in the chyme and in all transwell samples by LC-ESI-MS/MS. 13 C15-DON standard solution was added as internal standard in the digestion samples. No evidence was found in the in vitro experiments for significant elevated exposure of humans to DON from dietary D3G, since D3G was not hydrolysed to DON in the digestion model representing the upper part of the GI-tract and D3G was not hydrolysed to DON by the intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Bioavailability of D3G in humans may be low as compared to DON since Caco-2 cells did not absorb D3G, in contrast to DON. Keywords: deoxynivalenol-3-β-glucoside, translocation, transformation, masked mycotoxins 235
SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUROPE AND WORLDWIDE P142 - ISHAM Working group on Clinical Fusarium A. D. van Diepeningen 1 , G. S. de Hoog 1,2,3,4 1 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 2 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 3 Peking University Health Science Center, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing, China; 4 Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China E-mail: a.diepeningen@cbs.knaw.nl Objective: ISHAM working group focusing on Fusarium species causing human and animal infections Fusarium infections: Infections caused by Fusarium species can be classified in three classes: 1) Superficial infections of skin and nails; 2) Keratitis of the cornea, and 3) Deep and disseminated infections. Whereas the first two types of these opportunistic infections are generally seen in immunocompetent hosts, the deeper mycoses are mostly restricted to immunocompromised patients. Over the past three decades, clinical data suggest that the numbers of all types of infections caused by Fusarium species may be increasing. Most Fusarium species prove to be very resistant to the currently used antifungal drugs, although amphotericin B, posaconazole, and voriconazole show good activity against this genus. However, strains resistant to these compounds are regularly encountered, and combination therapy is frequently required. Fusarium species: The prototype of Fusarium is a well recognizable fungus with clear banana-shaped macroconidia of variable sizes, the presence or absence of smaller microconidia of variable shape, and the presence or absence of chlamydospores. Some clinically relevant species may produce pigments (e.g., yellow-orange, red or violet) that are exuded into the medium. Fusarium comprises a complex cluster of different species and many species complexes, which can best be distinguished with the aid of DNA sequence data. Precise identification of species/multilocus haplotypes is important for diagnosis, treatment, and epidemiological purposes. Though roughly two-thirds of infections are caused by members of the Fusarium solani species complex, species within seven other species complexes have been reported to cause mycoses. The aim of the working group:Our aim is to study Fusarium infections both from the side of the infected host as well as from the pathogen side, to exchange knowledge and to provide tools and aids for rapid identification and treatment. Keywords: Fusariosis, Detection techniques, human and animal infections 236
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Bordeaux EFS12 12 th European Fusar
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome from the
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4 SPONSORSHIP The 12 th European Fu
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8 13:00 - 14:00 Lunch 14:00 - 15:00
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10 Session 4: Genetics of Hosts - P
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12 Thursday, May 16 th Session 6: F
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Evidence for birth-and-death evolut
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Future challenges of Fusarium and m
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P35 - Screening deoxynivalenol in o
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P76 - Fusarium verticillioides and
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P113 - Agronomic practices and risk
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ORAL PRESENTATIONS 25
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 1: FUSARIUM
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SESSION 1: FUSARIUM - GENETICS, GEN
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 2: SECONDAR
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SESSION 3: PATHOGENESIS - EPIDEMIOL
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KEYNOTE LECTURE 1 SESSION 4: GENETI
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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUR
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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUR
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POSTER PRESENTATIONS 91
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Page 241 and 242: de Hoog G. S., 89, 114, 236 de Kler
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Page 247 and 248: BOKU-University of Natural Resource
Page 249 and 250: touatisihem03@yahoo.fr He Xinyao In
Page 251 and 252: steve.oliver@bioc.cam.ac. uk Ortega
Page 253 and 254: Subramaniam Gopal Agriculture and A
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