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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUROPE AND WORLDWIDE P139 - Relationship between cadmium and type B trichothecenes contamination in wheat kernels S. Claude 1 , V. Atanasova-Penichon 1 , L. Pinson-Gadais 1 , C. Ducos 1 , M-N. Verdal-Bonnin 1 , L. Denaix 2 , J. Y. Cornu 2 , F. Richard-Forget 1 1 INRA, UR1264 MycSA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourleaux, CS20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex- France; 2 INRA, UMR 1220 TCEM, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourleaux, CS20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex-France E-mail: fforget@bordeaux.inra.fr Cadmium (Cd) and mycotoxins are among the most worrying contaminants that may affect the safety of wheat kernels and derived products. Cadmium is a trace element naturally occurring in the environment, entering agrosystems through natural processes (geological materials) and anthropogenic activities such as atmosphere deposition, sewage sludge disposal, fertilizer application. It is readily taken up by wheat crops and transferred to edible parts where it can be accumulated. The main mycotoxin hazards associated with wheat in Europe results from the development of toxigenic Fusarium species (mainly Fusarium graminearum) in the growing crop and the most frequently encountered mycotoxin is deoxynivalenol or DON, belonging to the type B trichothecenes group. Cd and DON contents in commercialized kernels for human consumption are strictly regulated in Europe (EC N o 1881/2006 and EC N o 856/2005, respectively). Although there is no complete understanding of how wheat responds to soil Cd, increasing evidence indicates that the toxicity of Cd may be associated with oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species. This Cd induced oxidative stress together with the occurrence of Cd traces in kernels tissues are two factors that can affect the infection and development of F. graminearum and its ability to produce mycotoxins. Indeed reactive oxygen species and metals have been reported to impact trichothecenes biosynthesis (Pinson-Gadais et al., 2008; Ponts et al., 2007). To decipher this potential relationship, F. graminearum strains were inoculated on kernels harvested from Cd-contaminated soils and in liquid media supplemented with a gradient of Cd concentrations. Impact of Cd on fungal growth and on DON biosynthesis was investigated together with the ability of Cd to induce oxidative stress in the fungal cell and of F. graminearum to bioaccumulate Cd. The resulting data that support the fact that DON contamination of kernels can be significantly influenced by Cd soil contamination will be discussed. Keywords: Cadmium, type B trichothecenes, wheat 233
SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUROPE AND WORLDWIDE P140 - Degradation of fumonisins by microorganisms in moist corn grain silages C. Martinez Tuppia 1,2 , C. Barreau 1 , F. Richard-Forget 1 , H. Durand 2 , J. M. Savoie 1 1 INRA, UR1264 MycSA, Mycology & Food Safety, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon Cedex, France; 2 Lallemand SAS, Department Animal Nutrition, 3F- 1702 Blagnac Cedex, France E-mail: ccori.martinez@bordeaux.inra.fr Fumonisins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by Fusarium spp. on maize. Unfortunately, fumonisins are highly stable molecules and their detoxification is poorly suitable for industrial processing. Considering the worldwide contamination of corn by Fusarium species in the field, and that fumonisins are produced before harvesting, one promising option for reducing the mycotoxic risk could be the degradation of fumonisins by using antagonist microorganisms isolated directly from plant microbiota before feeding livestock. Moreover, experimental evidence showed a fumonisins level decrease in some analysed samples during the moist corn grain silage fermentation. Therefore, the aim of this work is to select an endemic microbial consortium of moist corn grain silage that could be able to transform fumonisins in non-toxic products. To address this objective, functional screening using classical methods and highresolution metagenomics approaches will be performed. To achieve our goals, three main questions will be answered. 1- Are fumonisins actually degraded and detoxified or only adsorbed and not available for conventional analyses methods? Analytical methods combining various extractions procedures and fine HPLC-MS analyses of the mycotoxins and their degradation products are under development. 2- Are there any differences in microbial community composition in moist corn grain silages leading or not to significant fumonisin degradation? Comparison of the microbial consortia and metagenomes of contrasted moist corn grain silages samples at different time is a valuable source of data on this unexplored microbial ecosystem and of degrading inocula. 3- What are the detoxification mechanisms and the microbial activities involved? It will be expected to identify “detoxification genes” to be used as markers of detoxifying silages that could be used as a predictive and a screening tool to target degrading microbes. Keywords: fumonisin, biodegradation, silage 234
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Bordeaux EFS12 12 th European Fusar
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome from the
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4 SPONSORSHIP The 12 th European Fu
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8 13:00 - 14:00 Lunch 14:00 - 15:00
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10 Session 4: Genetics of Hosts - P
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12 Thursday, May 16 th Session 6: F
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Evidence for birth-and-death evolut
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Future challenges of Fusarium and m
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P35 - Screening deoxynivalenol in o
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P76 - Fusarium verticillioides and
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P113 - Agronomic practices and risk
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ORAL PRESENTATIONS 25
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 1: FUSARIUM
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SESSION 1: FUSARIUM - GENETICS, GEN
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SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORE
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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUR
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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUR
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POSTER PRESENTATIONS 91
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Page 241 and 242: de Hoog G. S., 89, 114, 236 de Kler
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Page 247 and 248: BOKU-University of Natural Resource
Page 249 and 250: touatisihem03@yahoo.fr He Xinyao In
Page 251 and 252: steve.oliver@bioc.cam.ac. uk Ortega
Page 253 and 254: Subramaniam Gopal Agriculture and A
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