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SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORECASTING MODELS P133 - Busseola fusca and Fusarium verticillioides interaction on Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin production in Bt and non-Bt maize hybrids in South Africa E. Ncube 1 , B. C. Flett 1,2 , J. van den Berg 2 , J. B. J. van Rensburg 1 , A. Viljoen 3 1 ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa, 2 Unit of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa, 3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa E-mail: FlettB@arc.agric.za Fusarium verticillioides causes Fusarium ear rot (FER) and produces fumonisin mycotoxins in maize. The feeding habits of stem borers have been associated with an increase in the incidence and severity of Fusarium ear rot in maize. Insecticidal proteins synthesised in transgenic (Bt) maize are toxic to stem borer larvae and have been found to reduce FER as well as fumonisin production in the USA. In this study, the effect of the B. fusca x F. verticillioides interaction on FER and fumonisin production was investigated in a transgenic hybrid (PAN6236B) which expressed the MON810 Bt event, and in its non-transgenic isohybrid (PAN6126). Treatments on PAN6236B and PAN6126 included a F. verticillioides (MRC 826) spore suspension injected into the silk channel at the blister stage, B. fusca infestation into the plant whorl at the 12-13 th leaf stage, and both F. verticillioides inoculation and B. fusca infestation. Control treatments which were neither inoculated with F. verticillioides nor infested with B. fusca were included. All treatments had six replicates, and the experiment was repeated over three seasons. FER was visually rated and the B. fusca damage measured on the ears after harvest. Fumonisins were quantified using HPLC. Results indicated that the B. fusca x F. verticillioides interaction significantly increased FER in the nontransgenic hybrid only, but did not significantly increase fumonisin production in both hybrids, suggesting that B. fusca is possibly a vector of F. verticillioides. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.25; P < 0.05, n = 141) between FER and fumonisin production in the non-transgenic hybrid, while in the transgenic hybrid the correlation was non-significant, indicating that transgenic hybrids can have high fumonisin levels without visible FER symptoms. In conclusion, this study showed that B. fusca damage to maize ears increases FER, but it has no effect on fumonisin production. Keywords: Fusarium, fumonisins, stalkborer, Bt maize 227
SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORECASTING MODELS P134 - Screening of Emericella nidulans for biological control of tomato Fusarium wilt in Lao PDR P. Sibounnavong 1 , K. Soytong 2 1 Plant Protection Division, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane, 7322, Lao PDR; 2 Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institue of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand E-mail: ssibounnavong@gmail.com The isolate VTS16 was significantly highest disease index of tomato wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici var Sida which categorized as high virulent. E. nidulans isolate L01 is screened to be the most potential antagonistic fungus against F. oxysporum f sp lycopersici which inhibited spore production of 82.05 %. Crude methanol of E. nidulans isolate L01 expressed antifungal activity against F. oxysporum f sp lycopersici at the ED50 of 112 µg/ml, and follwed by crude ethyl acetate and crude hexane which were 379 and 915 µg/ml, respectively. Thereafter, E. nidulans L01 cultured on PDB at pH 8 and mixed PDB and CWDB at pH6 produced the highest fungal biomass and suitable to propagate for spore production. Disease index in oil based formulation produced from E. nidulans isolate L01 gave the lowest wilt incidence of tomato var Sida (DSI 1.75) and followed by powder based formulation (DSI 2.00), culture filtrate (DSI 2.75) and prochoraz (DSI 3.50) when compared to inoculated control (DSI 4.75). It is shown that oil based formulation showed significantly better plant height (119.25 cm) than powder based formulation which plant height was 109.75 cm and followed by culture filtrate and prochoraz which plant height were 84.50 and 73.00 cm, respectively when compared to the inoculated control (62.75 cm). Powder and oil based formulations gave the plant weight of 91.75 and 98.50 g/plant which better in plant weight than culture filtrate and prochoraz (68.00 and 67.00 g/plant) which non-significantly differed when compared the inoculated control (64.00 g/plant). Results in root weight and fruit number/plant were similar to those in plant weight. Tomato treated with oil and powder based formulation of E. nidulans isolate L01 gave the highest yields (fruit weight) of 218.50 and 197.50 g/plant, respectively and followed by treated with culture filtrate and prochoraz which yielded 128.00 and 107.00 g/plant, respectively when compared to the inoculated control (83.75 g/plant). As a result, it is indicated that power and oil based formulations increased in plant growth parameters 30-60 % when compared to inoculated control. Oil and powder based formulations reduced the wilt incidence of 63.15 and 57.89 % and followed by culture filtrate and prochoraz which reduced wilt incidence of 42.10 and 36.31 %, respectively. Keywords: Emericella nidulans, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, crude extracts, bio-agent formulations 228
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Bordeaux EFS12 12 th European Fusar
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome from the
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4 SPONSORSHIP The 12 th European Fu
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8 13:00 - 14:00 Lunch 14:00 - 15:00
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10 Session 4: Genetics of Hosts - P
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12 Thursday, May 16 th Session 6: F
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Evidence for birth-and-death evolut
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Future challenges of Fusarium and m
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P35 - Screening deoxynivalenol in o
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P76 - Fusarium verticillioides and
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P113 - Agronomic practices and risk
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ORAL PRESENTATIONS 25
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 1: FUSARIUM
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SESSION 1: FUSARIUM - GENETICS, GEN
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 5: DISEASE
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SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORE
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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUR
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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUR
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POSTER PRESENTATIONS 91
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Page 241 and 242: de Hoog G. S., 89, 114, 236 de Kler
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Page 247 and 248: BOKU-University of Natural Resource
Page 249 and 250: touatisihem03@yahoo.fr He Xinyao In
Page 251 and 252: steve.oliver@bioc.cam.ac. uk Ortega
Page 253 and 254: Subramaniam Gopal Agriculture and A
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