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SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORECASTING MODELS P123 - The frequency of isolation of Fusarium species from stem bases of grass weeds of field crops in Tunisia S. Gargouri 1 , S. Jemaiel 1 , S. Chekali 2 , M. Fakhfakh 3 1 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, rue Hédi Karray, 2049, Tunisia; 2 Pôle Régional de Recherche et de Développement Agricoles du Nord Ouest semi-aride, B.P 221, 7100, Le Kef, Tunisia; 3 Institut National des Grandes Cultures, B.P 120, 8170, BouSalem, Tunisia E-mail: sgargouri@yahoo.com Foot and root rot of wheat, caused by F. culmorum, is a serious problem in the wheat areas of Tunisia where highly susceptible durum cultivars predominate. F. culmorum has a wide host range. However we know little of the role of grass weeds in rotation crops as potential over-seasoning hosts of this species or other pathogenic Fusarium species in this region. A total of 1566 plants representing ten species (Agropyrum junceum, Avena alba, Bromus madritensis B. rigidus, Hordeum murinum H. vulgare, Lolium rigidum, Phalaris minor, P. paradoxa, P. truncata) were collected from the main climatic areas of the grain belt and the presence of Fusarium species was determined by isolation. Stem bases were surface sterilized and plated on ¼ PDA and the Fusarium species that we recovered were identified morphologically. F. culmorum was the dominant species isolated and was recovered from stem bases of all ten grass species. Other Fusarium species were isolated at lower frequencies: F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. avenceum, F. compactum and F. acuminatum. These results demonstrate that wild grasses harbor Fusarium species, including F. culmorum the predominant species causing foot and root rot in Tunisia. Consequently grass weeds, a serious problem in many rotation crops in Tunisia, presumably contribute to the maintenance of inoculum levels of F. culmorum during the rotation phase. Keywords: Fusarium, wheat, grass weeds 217
SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORECASTING MODELS P124 - Saprophytic survival of Fusarium graminearum in crop residues J. Leplat 1 , L. Falchetto 2 , P. Mangin 2 , C. Heraud 1 , E. Gautheron 1 , N. Gautheron 1 , V. Edel-Hermann 1 , C. Steinberg 1 1 INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France; 2 INRA, UE Domaine d’Epoisses, F-21110 Bretenières, France Email: christian.steinberg@dijon.inra.fr Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is one of the most important disease altering wheat crops. A field experiment was conducted to better understand the saprotrophic development of Fusarium graminearum and its consequences on FHB, to characterize the relative importance of the different sources of FHB inoculum and the accumulation of mycotoxins in grains and subsequently, to determine early indicators of future disease development on ears and accumulation of mycotoxins in grains. The development of F. graminearum in the soil and crop residues was monitored in controlled conditions. The inoculum hosted by seeds and/or buried with crop residues in the topsoil had only an effect on the winter development of the disease. In contrast, the main source of inoculum causing FHB disease on ears and accumulation of mycotoxins in wheat kernels came from residues left on the soil surface. Monitoring of plant development from sowing to harvest, crop management and soil and weather conditions produced a large database. Unfortunately, the role of climate was decisive in the development of the Fusarium-host plant interaction, thus prevented the use of early indicators to accurately predict the risks of yield losses and accumulation of mycotoxins involved. F. graminearum was regulated by the soil microflora. However, crop residues provide the fungus spatial and trophic niches favourable to its development. The exploitation of these niches by F. graminearum depends on the nature (previous crop and C/N) of the residues. Maize stubbles provide a greater carrying capacity than wheat straw and rapeseed residues while mustard has a suppressive effect for the fungus. The management of crop residues is a key point to control the development of FHB. A strong emphasis should be placed on the biological decomposition of crop residues at the soil surface or/and on the use of suppressive intermediate crops such as mustard to limit the soil inoculum potential of saprotrophic F. graminearum. Keywords: early indicators, ecological niche, epidemiology, conservatoire biological control 218
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Bordeaux EFS12 12 th European Fusar
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome from the
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4 SPONSORSHIP The 12 th European Fu
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8 13:00 - 14:00 Lunch 14:00 - 15:00
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10 Session 4: Genetics of Hosts - P
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12 Thursday, May 16 th Session 6: F
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Evidence for birth-and-death evolut
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Future challenges of Fusarium and m
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P35 - Screening deoxynivalenol in o
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P76 - Fusarium verticillioides and
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P113 - Agronomic practices and risk
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ORAL PRESENTATIONS 25
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 1: FUSARIUM
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SESSION 1: FUSARIUM - GENETICS, GEN
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 2: SECONDAR
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SESSION 2: SECONDARY METABOLITES -
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KEYNOTE LECTURE 1 SESSION 4: GENETI
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SESSION 4: GENETICS OF HOSTS - PLAN
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KEYNOTE LECTURE 2 SESSION 4: GENETI
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 5: DISEASE
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SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORE
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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUR
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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUR
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POSTER PRESENTATIONS 91
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Page 241 and 242: de Hoog G. S., 89, 114, 236 de Kler
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Page 247 and 248: BOKU-University of Natural Resource
Page 249 and 250: touatisihem03@yahoo.fr He Xinyao In
Page 251 and 252: steve.oliver@bioc.cam.ac. uk Ortega
Page 253 and 254: Subramaniam Gopal Agriculture and A
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