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SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORECASTING MODELS P115 - Effect of previous crops and climatic conditions on Fusarium foot and root rot and yield of Durum wheat in North West Tunisia S. Chekali 1 , S. Gargouri 2 , M. Rezgui 3 , T. Paulitz 4 , B. Nasraoui 5 1 Pôle Régional de Recherche et de Développement Agricoles du Nord-Ouest semi-aride à El Kef. B.P 221 -7100 Le Kef, Tunisia; 2 Laboratoire de protection des végétaux, Institut national de la recherche agronomique de Tunisie, rue Hédi Karray 2049, Tunisia; 3 Laboratoire de science agronomique, Institut national de la recherche agronomique de Tunisie/ Kef. B.P 221 -7100 Le Kef, Tunisia; 4 USDA-ARS, Root Disease and Biological Control Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA; 5 Laboratoire de phytopathologie, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Cité Mahrajène, 1082 Belvédère-Tunis, Tunisia E-mail: samirachekali@yahoo.fr Fusarium crown and root rot affects most of the small grain cereals over the world, especially durum wheat. Control of foot and root rot relies heavily on a break from continuous cropping of cereals to decrease inoculum borne on plant residues in the soil. The climatic conditions during the year and the preceding crops were investigated for their effects on yields and the incidence and severity of Fusarium culmorum and F. pseudograminearum on durum wheat over three successive years in trials established in 2004 in Northwest Tunisia. Disease incidences were determined by the frequency of recovery of these two fungi species in stem bases and roots. The incidences were significantly higher (P
SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORECASTING MODELS P116 - The potential risk of grain colonisation by fumonisin-producing Fusarium spp. and fumonisin synthesis in commercial maize in South Africa B. Janse van Rensburg 1 , N. W. McLaren 2 , B. C. Flett 1,3 1 Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; 2 Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; 3 Unit for Environmental Science and Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, North- West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa E-mail: FlettB@arc.agric.za Fumonisins are carcinogenic mycotoxins that are produced primarily by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum on maize, globally. The natural occurrence of fumonisin producing Fusarium spp. and fumonisin contamination of maize grain were quantified in selected maize cultivars from the major production areas of South Africa. Samples were analysed using quantitative (q) real-time PCR to determine the respective biomasses of fumonisin-producing Fusarium spp. Fumonisin concentrations were quantified by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results indicated high natural infection by fumonisinproducing Fusarium spp. and fumonisin concentrations in warmer production areas such as Northern Cape, North West and Free State Provinces. High fumonisin producing fungal biomass and concomitant fumonisin concentrations (above 2 ppm in certain localities) quantified in this study, could negatively impact grain quality and food safety and security due to the potentially harmful effects of this mycotoxin on humans and animals. These data, together with meteorological data were used to develop a preliminary model based on the non-linear, 3dimentional Lorentzian equation (Sigmaplot 10.0). Fusarium colonisation of grain and fumonisin concentrations were related to prevailing weather conditions during early post-flowering and dough stage of grain development, respectively. Both colonisation and fumonisin production were significantly inversely correlated with mean maximum temperature (r=-0.77 and r=-0.60, respectively) with an optimum temperature of 30.5°C and minimum relative humidity (r=-0.83 and r=-0.79, respectively) with an optimum of 49.5 % during these critical growth periods. Keywords: Fusarium, fumonisins, epidemiology, incidence 210
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Bordeaux EFS12 12 th European Fusar
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome from the
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4 SPONSORSHIP The 12 th European Fu
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8 13:00 - 14:00 Lunch 14:00 - 15:00
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10 Session 4: Genetics of Hosts - P
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12 Thursday, May 16 th Session 6: F
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Evidence for birth-and-death evolut
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Future challenges of Fusarium and m
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P35 - Screening deoxynivalenol in o
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P76 - Fusarium verticillioides and
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P113 - Agronomic practices and risk
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ORAL PRESENTATIONS 25
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 1: FUSARIUM
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SESSION 1: FUSARIUM - GENETICS, GEN
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 2: SECONDAR
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SESSION 2: SECONDARY METABOLITES -
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SESSION 3: PATHOGENESIS - EPIDEMIOL
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KEYNOTE LECTURE 1 SESSION 4: GENETI
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SESSION 4: GENETICS OF HOSTS - PLAN
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KEYNOTE LECTURE 2 SESSION 4: GENETI
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 5: DISEASE
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SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORE
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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUR
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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUR
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POSTER PRESENTATIONS 91
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Page 241 and 242: de Hoog G. S., 89, 114, 236 de Kler
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Page 247 and 248: BOKU-University of Natural Resource
Page 249 and 250: touatisihem03@yahoo.fr He Xinyao In
Page 251 and 252: steve.oliver@bioc.cam.ac. uk Ortega
Page 253 and 254: Subramaniam Gopal Agriculture and A
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