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SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORECASTING MODELS
P113 - Agronomic practices and risk for mycotoxins in
northern cereal production
P. Parikka 1 , S. Rämö 1 , V. Hietaniemi 1 , L. Alakukku 2
1 MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland;
2 University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Latokartanonkaari 5, FI-00014 University
of Helsinki, Finland
E-mail: paivi.parikka@mtt.fi
Environmental conditions and agronomic practices have impact on prevalence,
infection and mycotoxin formation of Fusarium- species. Reduced tillage creates
different environments for survival of pathogens in stubble and straw in soil or on
soil surface. The microbial populations change during prolonged no-till practices
and cereal rotation and Fusarium species with good saprophytic ability can
increase. Pre-crop can even have less impact on Fusarium than tillage practices.
In Finland, a short-term trial comparing direct drilling and autumn ploughing
showed reduction in prevalence of DON producing F. culmorum in no-till
conditions. Under tillage, DON-producers are observed to infect later, but still
DON contents can be higher than under no-till. Both F. culmorum and F.
graminearum can be more prevalent under tillage than direct-drilling, depending
on weather conditions. On barley, control of leaf diseases with fungicide has
increased F. culmorum infections and DON contaminations. Generally, F.
avenaceum and F. tricinctum benefit of direct drilling and reduced tillage on oats
and barley. F. poae mainly seems to increase under tillage and high infections in
warm conditions can result in increased nivalenol contaminations. Both nivalenol
and DON contents in grain increase towards harvest. Fusarium langsethiae can
be favored by no-till, especially in dry conditions. Fungicide application to control
leaf diseases can in warm conditions and under no-till increase F. langsethiae
infection and T-2/HT-2 contaminations on barley. While head blight control at ear
emergence is not observed to not reduce F. langsethiae infection of oats and
barley, F. sporotrichioides can be strongly affected. In the earlier studies, F.
langsethiae infections and T-2/HT-2 contents were higher on oats than on barley.
During grain development, however, F. langsethiae infections can be very high
also on barley and observed T-2/HT-2 contaminations high in warm conditions. In
cool conditions infections develop later and oats is more affected than barley.
Keywords: tillage, fungicides, crop rotation, mycotoxins
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