EFS12- Book of abstracts - Contact
EFS12- Book of abstracts - Contact
EFS12- Book of abstracts - Contact
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SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORECASTING MODELS<br />
P113 - Agronomic practices and risk for mycotoxins in<br />
northern cereal production<br />
P. Parikka 1 , S. Rämö 1 , V. Hietaniemi 1 , L. Alakukku 2<br />
1 MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland;<br />
2 University <strong>of</strong> Helsinki, Department <strong>of</strong> Agricultural Sciences, Latokartanonkaari 5, FI-00014 University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Helsinki, Finland<br />
E-mail: paivi.parikka@mtt.fi<br />
Environmental conditions and agronomic practices have impact on prevalence,<br />
infection and mycotoxin formation <strong>of</strong> Fusarium- species. Reduced tillage creates<br />
different environments for survival <strong>of</strong> pathogens in stubble and straw in soil or on<br />
soil surface. The microbial populations change during prolonged no-till practices<br />
and cereal rotation and Fusarium species with good saprophytic ability can<br />
increase. Pre-crop can even have less impact on Fusarium than tillage practices.<br />
In Finland, a short-term trial comparing direct drilling and autumn ploughing<br />
showed reduction in prevalence <strong>of</strong> DON producing F. culmorum in no-till<br />
conditions. Under tillage, DON-producers are observed to infect later, but still<br />
DON contents can be higher than under no-till. Both F. culmorum and F.<br />
graminearum can be more prevalent under tillage than direct-drilling, depending<br />
on weather conditions. On barley, control <strong>of</strong> leaf diseases with fungicide has<br />
increased F. culmorum infections and DON contaminations. Generally, F.<br />
avenaceum and F. tricinctum benefit <strong>of</strong> direct drilling and reduced tillage on oats<br />
and barley. F. poae mainly seems to increase under tillage and high infections in<br />
warm conditions can result in increased nivalenol contaminations. Both nivalenol<br />
and DON contents in grain increase towards harvest. Fusarium langsethiae can<br />
be favored by no-till, especially in dry conditions. Fungicide application to control<br />
leaf diseases can in warm conditions and under no-till increase F. langsethiae<br />
infection and T-2/HT-2 contaminations on barley. While head blight control at ear<br />
emergence is not observed to not reduce F. langsethiae infection <strong>of</strong> oats and<br />
barley, F. sporotrichioides can be strongly affected. In the earlier studies, F.<br />
langsethiae infections and T-2/HT-2 contents were higher on oats than on barley.<br />
During grain development, however, F. langsethiae infections can be very high<br />
also on barley and observed T-2/HT-2 contaminations high in warm conditions. In<br />
cool conditions infections develop later and oats is more affected than barley.<br />
Keywords: tillage, fungicides, crop rotation, mycotoxins<br />
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