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SESSION 4: GENETICS OF HOSTS – PLANT RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM,
VARIETY DEVELOPMENT
P90 - Chemotype-specific Fusarium isolates applied
for phenotyping of type II resistance to FHB in wheat
M. Ittu 1 , L. Cana 1 , P. Cornea 2 , V. Gagiu 3
1 National Agricultural Research Development Institute (NARDI) Fundulea, 1 N. Titulescu street,
915200 Romania - 2 CBAB Biotehnol, Faculty of Biotechnology of the Agronomical Science and
Veterinary Medicine University , 59 Marasti Blv, Bucharest, Romania - 3 National Institute of
Research&Development for Food Bioresources (IBA), 5 Ancuta Baneasa street, 020323, Bucharest,
Romania
E-mail: ittum@ricic.ro
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important wheat diseases
throughout the world. Development and deployment of varieties resistant to FHB
is the most effective option to minimize losses and is of major concern in wheat
breeding program from NARDI-Fundulea.
Occurrence of 3-ADON chemotype in some local Romanian Fusarium
populations, in which previously the chemotype 15-ADON was prevalent as in
many regions from North America and Central Europe (Ward et al, FGB, 2008,
Miedaner and Talas, Int. Symp. Fusarium Head Blight, 2012), has been reported
(Ittu et al, Romanian Agricultural Research, 2012). As a consequence,
comparative assessment of host resistance to both chemotypes is required from
the breeding perspective. The objectives of this study were to: (1)evaluate the
aggressiveness of chemotype-specific 3ADON and 15ADON Fusarium isolates
and (2)investigate the corresponding resistance Type II to FHB in wheat cultivars
and breeding lines. 40 Romanian and international wheat genotypes were point
inoculated under field condition with six selected Fusarium isolates, three of each
3-ADON and 15-ADON chemotypes (years 2011 and 2012).
Very significant differences among the both Fusarium chemotypes and the
chemotype-specific isolates were found, the amount of disease and pathogen
spread across all wheat genotypes being in 2011 on average higher in 3-ADON
isolates for all FHB traits: severity, %(34.8); AUDPC (324.6); FDK,%(67.0) as
compared to 15ADON isolates: severity, %(21.0); AUDPC (190); FDK,%(44.0).
The overall DON contamination of grains in both environments was higher in
entries ranked relatively as susceptible (85-120ppm/kg), in comparison to the
resistant ones (>25-68.4 ppm/kg), across the isolates of each Fusarium
chemotype.
With a few exceptions the resistance scores were better in most resistant
genotypes, irrespective of Fusarium chemotype.
These findings suggest the importance to develop germplasm with higher
tolerance to DON contamination, if increase of divergent Fg populations become
problematic and different mechanisms for resistance to pathogen and associated
mycotoxins could be found.
Keywords: resistance, aggressiveness, DON chemotype, wheat
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