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SESSION 4: GENETICS OF HOSTS – PLANT RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM,
VARIETY DEVELOPMENT
P80 - Breeding resistance for Fusarium head blight in
supporting higher efficiency of the integrated plant
management in wheat
Á. Mesterházy, S. Lehoczki-Krsjak, M. Varga, Á. Szabó-Hevér and B. Tóth, P.
Nicholson and M. Lemmens
Cereal Research Ltd., Alsókikötősor 9, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
E-mail: akos.mesterhazyabonakutato.hu
The experience shows that the breeding of more resistant wheat genotypes is a
slow process in spite of the efforts done. The genetic background is complicated;
the additive effect of different QTLs is seldom expressed, sometimes different
gene combinations might be more susceptible. Most of the QTLs determine FHB
reaction, some other only FHB or DON, but only a few influences all. Most of the
QTLs are of low or medium effect and many of them cannot be validated. Often
they determine traits that influence disease development, but have nothing
common with physiological resistances Type I-V.
The strong selection for Type II resistance was less effective than thought
because fhb1 major QTL determines only 30-40 % os the resistance, the other
part is coming from other Type I and Type II QTLs. For this reason a change is
now under way to use spraying inoculation more for selection than single floret
inoculation. Within the native or local wheat programs many lines and genotypes
were found with higher resistance to FHB and their use is more expanded as was
before. The high resistance level Asiatic sources resulted in higher resistant
plants, but seldom varieties, because the bad agronomy form is hard to correct
during the breeding. In the Szeged breeding program several of this type have
very high resistance level with acceptable agronomy background. At present the
native originated varieties from Szeged give an increasing acreage in Hungary,
the leading cultivar is Csillag, but others like Fény, Körös, Berény, and Rozi are
also in increasing.
The fungicide trials showed that these cultivars in epidemic conditions showed
moderate symptoms and combined with fungicide treatment with better
technology, also under epidemic conditions the low DON contamination can be
secured (below the EU limit 1.25 ppm DON).
Acknowledgements: The authors express their thanks for financial support to
projects FP7 MycoRed KBBE-2007-2-5-05, contract No. 222690, and GAK
(OMFB-00313/2006 ).
Keywords: resistance, breeding strategies, DON, QTL, Integrated plant
management
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