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SESSION 3: PATHOGENESIS – EPIDEMIOLOGY AND POPULATION GENETICS P72 - Fusarium spp. on maize in Belgium, from biodiversity to biocontrol J. Scauflaire 1 , C. Liénard 1 , M. Gourgue 1 , G. Foucart 2 , M. Mary 2 , F. Renard 2 , A. Callebaut 3 , F. Munaut 1,4 1 Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Earth and Life Institute (ELI), Laboratory of Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; 2 Centre Indépendant de Promotion Fourragère (CIPF), UCL, Croix du Sud 2/11, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; 3 Centre d'Etude et de Recherches Vétérinaires et Agrochimiques (CODA-CERVA), Leuvensesteenweg 17, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium; 4 UCL, ELI, Laboratory of Mycology, MUCL, Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Email: jonathan.scauflaire@uclouvain.be Numerous Fusarium species are important mycotoxin-producing pathogens affecting maize in Belgium. Crop quality is often reduced by Fusarium rot diseases, and mycotoxin contaminations can pose a serious problem for animal health. As several of these mycotoxins are integrated into European legislation, field monitoring and accurate identification of the Fusarium species remain important tasks, allowing relevant preventive or curative measures. During epidemiological surveys performed in Belgium since 2005 (*), an extensive collection of more than 7000 Fusarium isolates characterized at the species level was established at the MUCL collection. A total of 24 different Fusarium species were identified to occur on maize ears and stalks, of which F. graminearum (43%), F. crookwellense (16%), F. avenaceum (14%), F. culmorum (10%) and F. temperatum (5%) were the most abundant. According to pathogenicity tests (and mycotoxin screenings), F. avenaceum (MON, ENN producer), F. culmorum (3A-DON, NIV, ZEN producer) and F. temperatum (MON, BEAU, ENN producer) showed the ability to cause seedling malformation and emergence reduction in early season; while F. graminearum (DON, 15A-DON, ZEN, NIV producer) and F. crookwellense (NIV, ZEN producer) were always involved in ear or stalk rot diseases at the end of the growing season, alone or simultaneously. Impacts of environmental factors, cultural practices and hybrid selection were analyzed in the frame of an integrated disease management system. Although climatic conditions are the major factor affecting Fusarium rot diseases, adequate crop rotation with a non-cereal culture and the selection of a less susceptible maize hybrid offered a significant reduction of Fusarium infestation and associated mycotoxin contamination at the end of the growing season. Biologically-based inputs can be used to interfere with damping-off diseases caused by Fusarium species. Therefore, fungal rhizopheric isolates were collected from Belgian maize fields and screenings are in progress for the selection of biological control agents (BCA) of F. avenaceum, F. culmorum and F. temperatum. Until now, several isolates of genus Trichoderma, Penicillium and Bionectria demonstrated strong in vitro antagonism against these damping-off pathogens and were selected for further greenhouse and field tests. In the context of an integrated disease management system, such fungal BCA should improve crop health, minimize the economic and environmental costs of controlling plant pathogens and promote sustainable agricultural production. (*) Funded by the Service Public de Wallonie, DGARNE, Direction de la Recherche. Keywords: biocontrol, Fusarium spp., maize, mycotoxins 165
SESSION 3: PATHOGENESIS – EPIDEMIOLOGY AND POPULATION GENETICS P73 - Creation of the State Collection of Fusarium fungal strains E. Kovalenko, N. Zhemchuzhina, T. Kolomiets, M. Kiseleva, L. Pankratova All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology; Moscow region, Odintsovo district, str. Institute, b.5, VNIIF; Moscow Russia E-mail: zhemch@mail.ru The ARRIP State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms includes more than 500 strains of genus Fusarium, such as F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. sporotrichoides, F. semitectum (F. incarnatum), F. javanicum, F. moniliforme (Gibberella moniliformis), F. heterosporum (G. gordonii), F. gibbosum (G. intricans), F. avenaceum (G. avenacea), F. sambucinum (G. pulicaris), F. graminearum (G. zeae), F. lateritium (G. baccata), F. nivale (Monographella nivalis), F. solani (Nectria haematococca), F. redolens, F. tricinctum, responsible for such plant diseases as Root Rot, Scab (Head Blight), Leaf Blotch (Snow Mold), Fusarium Wilt. The collection was created as the result of long-term monitoring of the specific and interspecific composition of pathogenic mycoflora on the fields of agricultural cultures in different regions of Russia and it is regularly replenished with new specimens. Intraspecific variability of pathogens has been studied concerning their morphological properties, pathogenicity and phytotoxicity. The cataloguing of Fusarium strains with the indication of full characteristics of their main properties has been carried out. Fusarium species are characterized by a high genetic variability and are able to lose the viability and change their physiological properties in the course of long-term storage. Included into the State collection strains are regularly tested and re-cultured to maintain stable morphological and pathogenic properties. Strains of fungi are stored using the following methods: in test tubes on the standard nutritious medium and on grain at +4 0 С, in Eppendorf microtubes filled with 50% glycerin at -80 ° C and as lyophilized material (mycelium and spores) on strips of filter paper in cryotubes at -80 ° C. As required, pathogenic strains are removed from the storage and used for the research and applied activities. Keywords: Fusarium, collection, cataloguing, storage 166
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Bordeaux EFS12 12 th European Fusar
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome from the
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4 SPONSORSHIP The 12 th European Fu
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8 13:00 - 14:00 Lunch 14:00 - 15:00
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10 Session 4: Genetics of Hosts - P
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12 Thursday, May 16 th Session 6: F
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Evidence for birth-and-death evolut
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Future challenges of Fusarium and m
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P35 - Screening deoxynivalenol in o
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P76 - Fusarium verticillioides and
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P113 - Agronomic practices and risk
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ORAL PRESENTATIONS 25
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 1: FUSARIUM
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SESSION 1: FUSARIUM - GENETICS, GEN
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 2: SECONDAR
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SESSION 2: SECONDARY METABOLITES -
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SESSION 3: PATHOGENESIS - EPIDEMIOL
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KEYNOTE LECTURE 1 SESSION 4: GENETI
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SESSION 4: GENETICS OF HOSTS - PLAN
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KEYNOTE LECTURE 2 SESSION 4: GENETI
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 5: DISEASE
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SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORE
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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUR
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POSTER PRESENTATIONS 91
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de Hoog G. S., 89, 114, 236 de Kler
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Ponts N., 33, 36, 82, 94, 104, 106,
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BOKU-University of Natural Resource
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touatisihem03@yahoo.fr He Xinyao In
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steve.oliver@bioc.cam.ac. uk Ortega
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Subramaniam Gopal Agriculture and A
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