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SESSION 3: PATHOGENESIS – EPIDEMIOLOGY AND POPULATION GENETICS P58 - Fusarium species associated with Head blight and Foot and Root Rot on durum wheat in Sardinia, Italy: Results from a 12- year survey V. Balmas 1 , A. Marcello 1 , G. Goddi 2 , B. Scherm 1 , B. Satta 2 and Q. Migheli 1 1 Dipartimento di Agraria - Plant Pathology and Entomology Unit, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, I - 07100 Sassari, Italy; 2 Agenzia LAORE- Sardegna, Via Caprera 8, 09123 Cagliari, Italy E-mail: balmas@uniss.it Fusarium foot and root rot (FRR) and Fusarium head-blight (FHB) are the most damaging diseases of durum wheat in Italy. The aetiology of the disease has been monitored in Sardinia (Tyrrhenian Islands) during twelve years (2001-2012) over approximately 100 fields in different agroclimatic areas of Sardinia. For each field/year, between 20 to 50 basal stems and spikes were collected in order to identify the main causal agents and their associated species. A total of 171 kernel samples yielded in the last three years (2010-2012), were analysed for the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated forms, while 74 grain samples were also analysed for contamination by T2-HT2 mycotoxin. The quantitative analysis of mycotoxins was carried out with a Lateral Flow Immunoassay (Rapid One Step Assay, Charm Sciences Inc. – Foss). FRR was found more frequently than FHB, and it was mainly incited by Fusarium culmorum. Similarly, in most of the sampled fields the prevalent species causing head-blight was F. culmorum, but in some few areas of central and southern Sardinia, Fusarium graminearum was the main pathogen. Fusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium poae and Fusarium crookwellense were also isolated, albeit at a lower frequency. DON was detected in 34% of the analysed samples, while 71% of the samples turned out to be positive to T2-HT2. Comparing the data from three years, the highest percentage of DON-positive samples corresponds to the lowest percentage of T2-HT2positive samples. All tested samples remain behind the compulsory limit established by the European Union (EU) for the presence of DON (1750 ppb), whereas 6% (i.e., 17% of all DON-positive assays) showed a DON contamination over 100 ppb. At present, no legal limits are imposed for T2-HT2 concentrations. Nonetheless, only 3% of the examined samples (i.e., 4% of all T2-HT2-positive assays) showed T2-HT2 concentration values over 50 ppb. Keywords: epidemiology, deoxynivalenol, T2-HT2 toxin, Lateral Flow Immunoassay, food safety 151
SESSION 3: PATHOGENESIS – EPIDEMIOLOGY AND POPULATION GENETICS P59 - Head blight of wheat in South Africa is associated with numerous Fusarium species and chemotypes G. J. van Coller 1,2 , A.-L. Boutigny 2 , L. Rose 2 , T. J. Ward 3 , S. C. Lamprecht 4 , A. Viljoen 2 1 Directorate of Plant Science, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Private Bag X1, Elsenburg 7607, South Africa; 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; 3 Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA; 4 Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa E-mail: altus@sun.ac.za Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat is caused by numerous Fusarium species, including trichothecene-producers. In South Africa, FHB is mostly associated with irrigated wheat rotated with maize. Twenty symptomatic wheat heads were collected from four cultivars each in irrigated fields during 2008 and 2009 in the Northern Cape Province (12 sites), in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) (seven sites), the Free State (six sites), at four sites in the Bushveld (2009), and under dryland conditions in the Western Cape (four sites). A total of 1323 Fusarium isolates were obtained from kernels, identified molecularly and morphologically, and chemotyped. Fifteen Fusarium species were isolated, with the F. graminearum species complex (FGSC) dominant at most sites. Other Fusarium spp. included F. avenaceum, F. brachygibbosum, F. cerealis, F. chlamydosporum, F. culmorum, F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), F. lunulosporum, F. oxysporum, F. poae, F. pseudograminearum, F. solani, F. tricinctum, the Gibberella fujikuroi species-complex and an unknown Fusarium species. Fusarium pseudograminearum was dominant at one location in the Free State and in the Western Cape. Isolates representing the FGSC were identified using a microsphere-based Multilocus Genotyping Assay (MLGT). FGSC members included F. graminearum s.s. (85.2%), F. boothii (8.3%), F. meridionale (3.6%), F. acaciae-mearnsii (1.4%), F. cortaderiae (1.1%), and F. brasilicum (0.4%). The 15- ADON chemotype was most common in 2008 and 2009, the 3-ADON chemotype in the Western Cape in 2009 and at one location in the Free State (2008 and 2009), and the NIV chemotype was most common at one site in KZN in 2009. This extensive survey reported F. lunulosporum for the first time on wheat worldwide and identified production areas of concern in South Africa regarding mycotoxin contamination. 152
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Bordeaux EFS12 12 th European Fusar
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome from the
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4 SPONSORSHIP The 12 th European Fu
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8 13:00 - 14:00 Lunch 14:00 - 15:00
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10 Session 4: Genetics of Hosts - P
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12 Thursday, May 16 th Session 6: F
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Evidence for birth-and-death evolut
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Future challenges of Fusarium and m
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P35 - Screening deoxynivalenol in o
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P76 - Fusarium verticillioides and
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P113 - Agronomic practices and risk
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ORAL PRESENTATIONS 25
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 1: FUSARIUM
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SESSION 1: FUSARIUM - GENETICS, GEN
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 2: SECONDAR
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SESSION 2: SECONDARY METABOLITES -
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KEYNOTE LECTURE 1 SESSION 4: GENETI
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SESSION 4: GENETICS OF HOSTS - PLAN
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 5: DISEASE
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SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORE
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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUR
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POSTER PRESENTATIONS 91
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de Hoog G. S., 89, 114, 236 de Kler
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BOKU-University of Natural Resource
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touatisihem03@yahoo.fr He Xinyao In
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steve.oliver@bioc.cam.ac. uk Ortega
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Subramaniam Gopal Agriculture and A
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