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SESSION 3: PATHOGENESIS – EPIDEMIOLOGY AND POPULATION GENETICS P50 - Effect of timing of inoculation and Fusarium species on the development of Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol contamination in oat A. Xue 1 , Y. Chen 1 , C. Ren 2 , and M. Savard 1 1 Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; 2 Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 17 Sanhe Road, Baicheng, Jilin 137000, China E-mail: allen.xue@agr.gc.ca Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of oats in Canada. To supplement the development of FHB-resistant cultivars, we examined the influence of timing of inoculation and pathogenicity of four common Fusarium spp. on development of FHB and deoxynivalenol (DON) content using 12 oat genotypes under controlled environment conditions. Both timing of inoculation and Fusarium spp. significantly affected the development of FHB symptoms and DON contents in the harvested grain. Early inoculations at or before the complete emergence of ears resulted in little or no visible FHB symptoms but DON contaminations ranging from 0.9-3.7 ppm were detected in the harvested grains from these symptomless plants. Severe levels of FHB were observed on all the oat genotypes with infected spikelets (IS) ranging from 40 to 75% and DON content ranging from 6.3 to 10.2 ppm, when inoculated at or after the 50% anthesis stage. The timing of inoculation at the 50% anthesis was considered the most appropriate as it allowed a sufficient time for disease development and assessment prior to the physiological maturity of the plants. Of the four Fusarium spp., F. culmorum and F. graminearum were equally highly pathogenic, having areas under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of 45.3 and 47.3, and DON of 10.4 and 14.3 ppm, respectively. DON was not detected in the harvested grain from plants inoculated with F. avenaceum or F. sporotrichioides. Fusarium sporotrichioides resulted in the lowest AUDPC (31.2) and were significantly less pathogenic than the two highly pathogenic species. Fusarium avenaceum resulted in AUDPC of 36.7, which was not significantly different from those of neither the highly pathogenic species nor the weakly pathogenic species. The Fusarium spp. ´ oat genotype interactions were not signficant, suggesting that breeding for resistance to F. graminearum may also give enhanced resistance to other Fusarium spp. Keywords: Fusarium head blight, oat, Avena sativa, deoxynivalenol 143
SESSION 3: PATHOGENESIS – EPIDEMIOLOGY AND POPULATION GENETICS P51 - Selective pathogenicity and virulence of Fusarium graminearum species complex members on maize, wheat and sorghum I. Beukes 1 , C. de Klerk 1 , L. J. Rose 1 , G. J. van Coller 1, 2 , B. Flett 3 , A. Viljoen 1 1 University of Stellenbosch, Department of Plant Pathology, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; 2 Directorate Plant Science, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Private Bag X1, Elsenburg 7607, South Africa; 3 Grain Crops Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail: ibeukes@sun.ac.za Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, gibberella ear rot (GER) of maize and grain mold (GM) of sorghum is caused by, amongst others, members within the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC). Grains infected with these pathogens are commonly contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins, which is associated with health complications in humans and animals. It has been suggested that host specificity exists within the FGSC, possibly due to differences in cyclic hydroxamic acids and related benzoxazolinone compounds or other antimicrobial composites in different cereal hosts. In this study, the host preference of five FGSC members, represented by 26 isolates obtained from different South African grains was assessed on wheat, maize and sorghum. Radial growth of these isolates on potato dextrose agar at 12 and 24-h illumination did not differ significantly between the members. Sporulation of cultures under the same light conditions resulted in F. boothii producing the most and F. acaciae-mearnsii the least spores. Wheat heads were inoculated with five isolates each from five FGSC members, previously isolated from South African grown wheat, to establish whether a difference in virulence could be observed between them. Inoculations showed that all FGSC members were pathogenic to wheat, with F. cortaderiae being the least and F. graminearum s.s the most virulent. Macroconidia from different isolates of the same FGSC member were then combined and inoculated onto sorghum and maize plants in the field, and disease development and trichothecene production measured after harvest. Inoculation with F. meridionale resulted in the highest disease incidence and severity on maize kernels. Infection with F. meridionale was supported by the production of nivalenol in both maize and a brown sorghum cultivar. Fusarium graminearum s.s. and F. cortaderiae could not be associated with GER of maize or GM of brown sorghum, and was unable to produce their associated mycotoxins within these grains. Keywords: Fusarium graminearum species complex, host preference 144
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Bordeaux EFS12 12 th European Fusar
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome from the
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4 SPONSORSHIP The 12 th European Fu
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8 13:00 - 14:00 Lunch 14:00 - 15:00
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10 Session 4: Genetics of Hosts - P
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12 Thursday, May 16 th Session 6: F
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Evidence for birth-and-death evolut
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Future challenges of Fusarium and m
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P35 - Screening deoxynivalenol in o
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P76 - Fusarium verticillioides and
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P113 - Agronomic practices and risk
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ORAL PRESENTATIONS 25
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 1: FUSARIUM
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SESSION 1: FUSARIUM - GENETICS, GEN
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 2: SECONDAR
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SESSION 2: SECONDARY METABOLITES -
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SESSION 3: PATHOGENESIS - EPIDEMIOL
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KEYNOTE LECTURE 1 SESSION 4: GENETI
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SESSION 4: GENETICS OF HOSTS - PLAN
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KEYNOTE LECTURE 2 SESSION 4: GENETI
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KEYNOTE LECTURE SESSION 5: DISEASE
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SESSION 5: DISEASE CONTROL AND FORE
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SESSION 6: FUTURE CHALLENGE FOR EUR
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POSTER PRESENTATIONS 91
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de Hoog G. S., 89, 114, 236 de Kler
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Ponts N., 33, 36, 82, 94, 104, 106,
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BOKU-University of Natural Resource
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touatisihem03@yahoo.fr He Xinyao In
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steve.oliver@bioc.cam.ac. uk Ortega
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Subramaniam Gopal Agriculture and A
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