Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy - IUCN
Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy - IUCN Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy - IUCN
17 F I N A N C I N G PROJECT COST FINANCING A third major but a less recognized source of financing is communities and individuals. The large number of trees on farmlands have been predominantly household investments. These are small but significant contributions. Similarly, many communities have fully or partially financed local drinking water and sanitation programmes. The private sector has been active in economic development, but has not contributed much to environmental protection and resource conservation. Tobacco companies and soft-drink manufacturers are among the few who have supported forestry programmes and environmental awareness raising in modest but obvious ways. The private sector has the responsibility and the potential for a much greater contribution. The Federal Government was expected to be a major partner and supporter in the implementation of 200 SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY (million rupees) 11. Air Pollution Monitoring 25.000 The Netherlands Sub-total 417.352 E. Potential Projects 1. Environmental Improvement Project 932.000 To be found 2. Rehabilitation of Environment through Urban Forestry in Major Towns 500.000 To be found 3. Treatment & Recycling of Industrial Waste 609.000 To be found 4. Establishment of Two National Parks 50.000 GoNWFP + Donor 5. Improvement of Agroforestry Practices in Mountainous Areas 100.000 GoNWFP + Donor 6. Soil & Water Conservation in Arid & Semi-Arid Areas 77.000 GoNWFP + Donor 7. Investigation & Project Formulation Studies for SPCS 33.000 GoNWFP + Donor 8. Land Use Planning & Zoning 25.000 GoNWFP + Donor 9. Environmental Awareness in Educational Institutions 10.000 GoNWFP + Donor 10. Support to Environmental NGOs 5.000 GoNWFP + Donor 11. A Profile of Peshawar & its Historic Preservation 3.700 GoNWFP + Donor Sub-total 2344.700 Total 4027.171 ADB: Asian Development Bank GEF: Global Environment Facility UNDP: United Nations Development Programme GoNWFP: Government of NWFP GoP: Government of Pakistan the NWFP’s environmental programme. However, it has not been able to make a significant contribution in the past. Due to resource constraints and the International Monetary Fund structural adjustment programme that is under way, the provinces have been told to look after their respective environmental programmes themselves. Nonetheless, the Federal Government has frequently supported the NWFP’s proposals for donor funding, which has been very useful. The NWFP can count on that continuing support to harness donor funds, although a direct contribution is unlikely. The exception is the Rs. 30 million fund for environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that is administered by the Ministry of Environment, Urban Affairs, Forest and Wildlife, Government of Pakistan. NGOs from the NWFP have benefited from this fund in the past, and will continue to do so in future.
1 7 . 4 FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS & AVAILABILITY The outline of an action plan, with priorities assigned, and suggesting resource requirements and implementation responsibility, appears at the end of this chapter. A summary of the resource requirement is given in Table 17.3. The total requirement is estimated as Rs. 65.578 billion, of which Rs. 14.787 billion would be needed in the short-term. Against this estimate, Rs. 11.230 billion is more likely to be available (see Table 17.4). This is based on the cost estimates indicated in the Action Plan in section 17.6 1 7 . 4 . 1 The ADP of the Government of NWFP In the 1970s, more than half of the NWFP’s receipts were available for development financing. Today, less than one-third is available. The remainder is committed to financing recurrent costs. Whereas the Government’s size has increased severalfold, its resource base has largely remained unexpanded. Despite this, the Government of NWFP is already allocating significantly large amounts to environmentrelated programmes. Therefore, it is unlikely it will substantially increase allocations for environmental programmes out of its own resources. The prospects of financing the non-SAP component of the ADP greatly depend on the Government’s ability to increase its tax receipts or gain greater support from donors, and these are uncertain propositions. The Government will continue to fund SPCS implementation in its Annual Development Programme. Based on the analysis in Sections 17.1 and 17.3, a doubling of the annual Government allocation for the environmental programme is anticipated. This will provide about Rs. 678 million for the SPCS in 1995- 98. The local fund will primarily be used for counterpart funds for donor projects and for institution-building and policy development activities that must be implemented regardless of external support. The Government will also be allocating about Rs. 2.966 billion to the complementary ongoing and pipeline programmes of the SAP, the Second Urban Development Project (SUDP), the Community Infrastructure Project (CIP), and others. Thus the total input of the Government of NWFP into the SPCS through the ADP would be Rs. 3.644 billion. 1 7 . 4 . 2 D o n o r s F I N A N C I N G 17 Donor interest is expected to continue to grow. Indications are that bilateral cooperation with Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands will expand. In fact, some projects are already in the pipeline. The support from multilaterals such as the Asian Development Bank (for Kabul River cleanup) and the European Union is also likely to increase. Canadian International Development Agency interest in cooperating with SPCS implementation has increased recently. Others may also provide substantial support. Given the present trends, donor funds for non-SAP environmental programmes can be expected to increase by an equivalent amount (Rs. 1.5 billion) over the next three years. The donor contribution to the SAP, the SUDP, the CIP, and other similar programmes over the same period is anticipated at Rs. 5.856 billion. The NWFP can also benefit from the United Nations Development Programme’s small-grants programme, the Swiss NGO Programme, and the Dutch small-grants programme, as well as from the second phase of the Global Environment Facility in a major way, provided the Government’s capacity to prepare good projects is increased and NGOs are nurtured and facilitated to prepare better projects for the different sources and to effectively use the funds. Therefore, partnering with NGOs for sustainable development becomes of added importance. The social aspects of the SPCS, such as drinking water, sanitation, primary education and health, community forestry, and population control, can be best addressed through NGOs. In the short-term a total of Rs. 10 million is estimated to be available for SPCS implementation through such small grants to NGOs and communities. Consequently, donors may contribute a total of Rs. 7.366 billion for SPCS implementation during 1995-98. SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY 201
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17<br />
F I N A N C I N G<br />
PROJECT COST FINANCING<br />
A third major but a less recognized source of<br />
financing is communities and individuals. The large<br />
number of trees on farmlands have been predominantly<br />
household investments. These are small but significant<br />
contributions. Similarly, many communities<br />
have fully or partially financed local drinking water<br />
and sanitation programmes.<br />
The private sector has been active in economic<br />
development, but has not contributed much to environmental<br />
protection and resource conservation.<br />
Tobacco companies and soft-drink manufacturers are<br />
among the few who have supported forestry programmes<br />
and environmental awareness raising in<br />
modest but obvious ways. The private sector has the<br />
responsibility and the potential for a much greater<br />
contribution.<br />
The Federal Government was expected to be a<br />
major partner and supporter in the implementation of<br />
200 SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY<br />
(million rupees)<br />
11. Air Pollution Monitoring 25.000 The Netherlands<br />
Sub-total 417.352<br />
E. Potential Projects<br />
1. Environmental Improvement Project 932.000 To be found<br />
2. Rehabilitation of Environment through Urban Forestry in Major Towns 500.000 To be found<br />
3. Treatment & Recycling of Industrial Waste 609.000 To be found<br />
4. Establishment of Two National Parks 50.000 GoNWFP + Donor<br />
5. Improvement of Agroforestry Practices in Mountainous Areas 100.000 GoNWFP + Donor<br />
6. Soil & Water <strong>Conservation</strong> in Arid & Semi-Arid Areas 77.000 GoNWFP + Donor<br />
7. Investigation & Project Formulation Studies for SPCS 33.000 GoNWFP + Donor<br />
8. Land Use Planning & Zoning 25.000 GoNWFP + Donor<br />
9. Environmental Awareness in Educational Institutions 10.000 GoNWFP + Donor<br />
10. Support to Environmental NGOs 5.000 GoNWFP + Donor<br />
11. A Profile of Peshawar & its Historic Preservation 3.700 GoNWFP + Donor<br />
Sub-total 2344.700<br />
Total 4027.171<br />
ADB: Asian Development Bank<br />
GEF: Global Environment Facility<br />
UNDP: United Nations Development Programme<br />
GoNWFP: Government of NWFP<br />
GoP: Government of Pakistan<br />
the NWFP’s environmental programme. However, it<br />
has not been able to make a significant contribution<br />
in the past. Due to resource constraints and the<br />
International Monetary Fund structural adjustment<br />
programme that is under way, the provinces have<br />
been told to look after their respective environmental<br />
programmes themselves. Nonetheless, the Federal<br />
Government has frequently supported the NWFP’s<br />
proposals for donor funding, which has been very<br />
useful. The NWFP can count on that continuing support<br />
to harness donor funds, although a direct contribution<br />
is unlikely. The exception is the Rs. 30 million<br />
fund for environmental non-governmental organizations<br />
(NGOs) that is administered by the Ministry of<br />
Environment, Urban Affairs, Forest and Wildlife,<br />
Government of Pakistan. NGOs from the NWFP have<br />
benefited from this fund in the past, and will continue<br />
to do so in future.
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