Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy - IUCN

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14 C U L T U R A L H E R I T A G E & S U S T A I N A B L E T O U R I S M Strategy will be developed with a system of clear planning controls and a model Heritage Trail Network, which will be based on a system of heritage centres of different sizes linked by a transport infrastructure. For this purpose, any village, town, or city with two or more sites may be considered a heritage centre and will be given the capacity to upgrade facilities so as to optimize the social, economic, and historic value of the routes between the sites. Key sites, such as important buildings, can be upgraded first. Subsequently, the routes between them will be developed, and then secondary and tertiary facilities will be upgraded. Sites will be upgraded initially by setting priorities for particular Heritage Centres. These will be identified as part of a planned and incremental programme for the implementation of specific heritage trails. Priority will be given to centres that satisfy criteria developed in the Heritage Strategy, that have good access and links to other centres, that involve minimal environmental impact, and that take into account where there is most potential for local community support. 1 4 . 3 C O N S E RVING HUMAN CULT U R E The NWFP served as gateway for many civilizations and invaders who came to the Asian subcontinent and had many impacts on the local society and culture. Due to this sequence of cultural invasions, different regions now possess different cultures, values, traditions, norms, and languages. Even the predominant majority, the Pukhtoons, are divided into many tribes; their dialects, customs, traditions, values, and norms vary from tribe to tribe, depending upon the ecology and geography of the area. The process of transformation and interaction of societies, cultures, and people with others is a continuous phenomenon, and this affects a society’s behaviour and human culture to a considerable extent. These processes cannot be stopped, as human nature and culture are not static and stagnant. It is rather a reflection of collective behaviour, and as people and individuals change, cultures also undergo changes. Moreover, the administrative setup, the fast pace of 174 SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY development, so-called modernization, and urbanization have induced change in human culture and to an extent have affected the values, traditions, customs, and life-styles of people in different areas of the NWFP. In the process, people have lost many of the ‘original’ customs, values, dialects, games, and music that were once an integral part of life and culture. Some human cultures are in danger of disappearing if care is not taken for their survival. Examples of endangered cultures include the Kalash in Chitral Valley and the Kohistani in upper Swat Valley. In addition there are more than 20 separate ethnic groups and many native tribes in different parts of Kohistan. Efforts are needed to conserve the human cultures of the province, as they represent the rich history and cultural heritage of each area. Special programmes and research are required to study all the human cultures, to document the original pattern of their societies, languages, norms, and customs, and to identify elements that are in difficulty. In light of these studies, a comprehensive programme for the conservation and protection of endangered human culture should be prepared and implemented with the participation of the local communities. Tourism activities should be strictly controlled in areas where cultural communities are in danger. Alternate social and economic development programmes should be initiated to improve people’s socio-economic conditions and to safeguard their survival. Chronological museums should be developed in each such region to display the main features of the human culture of the area and to encourage local crafts-people to keep indigenous arts and crafts alive for future generations. 1 4 . 4 C O N S E RVING TRADITIONAL GAMES & SPORT S The behaviour and the life-style of the people of the NWFP is a true reflection of the hard and harsh natural and ecological conditions of the various regions and of people who adopt collective working systems, tribal cultures, and often adventurous ways of life. These elements of human behaviour dominate the entire culture of the people of the NWFP, and tradi-
tions, customs, values, norms, languages, and sports are heavily influenced by these elements. A close look at traditional games and sports indicates that, in addition to recreation, they are aimed at building physical strength; developing an attitude of accepting challenges, adventure, and encounters; improving judgement and response abilities; learning how to share responsibility; and bringing discipline and confidence into a person’s life. The basic theme and principles of many of the traditional games and sports played in the various regions of the province are similar, but they are often played under different names, rules, and styles in different areas. The very well known, commonly played traditional games and sports, largely for young men, in various parts of the NWFP include nezabazi, kabady, mukha, Polo, yunda, guthka, lambi coodi, ano doghal, cheetrung, guli danda, toop danda, a n d piddi uthana. For very young boys, there are d u b gub, dull doghal, perpatoonia, soraly, and s h i n k i . Young and little girls play merghate, laluna, chen - duru, dabaly, guda gudi, and tapnitapane. These are all important and significant in the rich folklore of the NWFP’s cultural heritage, but many of them are disappearing. Steps must be taken to conserve and promote these traditional games and sports before they are lost forever. To promote these traditional games and sports, to keep them known and alive for future generations, people need to be encouraged to play them both in villages and in urban areas. This can be done by arranging an annual festival and regional competition at the provincial level. The Shandur Pass Polo tournament and its publicity are the best example of how a traditional sport or activity can be maintained. People should be urged to participate and demonstrate their skills and command on these traditional games and sports. The provincial Government’s Sports and Culture Department will take a lead in the organization of such a festival, along with the private sector. Later, there can be a permanent partnership in the organization of such festivals at different locations and in the provision of sponsorships to teams, players, and sports managers of the traditional games. This will not only help promote the traditional games, it will also give people a chance to familiar- C U L T U R A L H E R I T A G E & S U S T A I N A B L E T O U R I S M 14 ize themselves with the folklore of other parts of the province. 14.5 C O M M I T M E N T S During the next three years, a commitment is made to: ■ seek delegation of powers to the provincial Directorate of Archaeology and Museums under the Federal Antiquities Act, 1975; ■ survey potential or excavated sites, monuments, and historic buildings whose existence is in danger, and document them in monographs; ■ get the Government to take over the identified endangered archaeological and historic sites; ■ prepare an action plan that assigns priorities to the conservation of endangered sites, monuments, and historic buildings; ■ improve the Peshawar museum with the aim of eventually having it support itself; ■ review and strengthen the provincial Directorate of Archaeology and Museums and Sarhad Tourism Corporation; ■ prepare the nominations of the important archeological sites for the UNESCO World Heritage list; ■ initiate measures to manage tourism sustainably in over crowded areas such as Kalam; ■ prepare a programme for cultural heritage and eco-tourism development and a phased development of heritage trail networks in different parts of the province, beginning with the cultural heritage trail in Peshawar; ■ establish at least one artisan village on a pilot basis in the province; ■ carry out a research study on the different human cultural systems in the province to document the original pattern of those societies—their norms, customs, traditions, language, dresses, arts and crafts, sculpture, beliefs and life-style; ■ restore management of the museums to autonomous boards and undertake a self-financing scheme for their maintenance under the framework of cultural heritage trails; ■ develop a programme to strengthen and support cultural NGOs and facilitate them to assist in the implementation of this strategy; SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY 175
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and are viewed not as producers but
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The Public Consultation Process of
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1 I N T R O D U C T I O N The North
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4 T O W A R D S T H E S A R H A D P
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4 4.5 THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCE
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Unsustainable Population Growth 71
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Forestry 133 Eliminating Political
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B I B L I O G R A P H Y Government
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B I B L I O G R A P H Y Sandlund, e
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