Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy - IUCN

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14 C U L T U R A L H E R I T A G E & S U S T A I N A B L E T O U R I S M The North West Frontier Province possesses a unique cultural heritage. It has many fascinating buildings, archaeological monuments, human cultures, native tribes, and folklore that are the product of a rich cultural history enhanced by the natural beauty of the varied landscapes of the province. The cultural heritage includes a sense of identity, place, and meaning that has influenced successive generations and their living traditions. Heritage resources have both social and economic value: they can stimulate tourism, business enterprise, entrepreneurship, research, and academic interest; they can provide visual and recreational enjoyment for residents and visitors alike; and they can serve a wide range of practical functions within a community. The challenge that faces the NWFP now is to use these advantages while ensuring that the cultural resources are conserved for future generations. Like any resource or asset, they must be used wisely and not be squandered—for once gone, they cannot be replaced. Unfortunately, many of the provincial historic sites, monuments, buildings, natural sites, distinct human culture and tribes, and unique traditions are rapidly deteriorating and disappearing. While natural forces have in part been responsible for this, it is also being accelerated by human intervention. The reasons for this neglect are deeply rooted in economic, social, educational, political, and legislative indifference. 14.1 KEY ISSUES REGARDING THE NWFP’S HERITA G E 1 4 . 1 . 1 A rchaeological Resourc e s The NWFP is the only region in Pakistan where a complete cultural profile from the Stone Age to the Islamic period has been established through excavations done by various organizations. These archaeological treasures represent the glory and grace of civilizations in the past, and they badly need attention for their preservation and protection before they disappear forever. Previously, most of the attention 170 SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY focused on the excavations but very little effort has been applied to the subsequent conservation and preservation of the sites and monuments. Lay people are often unaware of the importance and benefits of this resource, and known sites and monuments are being damaged by current human activities. Realizing the need for the preservation of archaeological and cultural heritage, the Government of NWFP created the Directorate of Archaeology and Museums in 1992. It has excavated ancient sites at various places, such as village Dina in District Swabi and the village of Aziz Dheri in District Charsadda. Work is still in progress, and antiquities are being shifted to museums. The directorate has also completed the conservation and restoration of the arched gateway of Edwards High School, Peshawar, as well as the excavation of nine baolies (step-wells) in Peshawar Valley. The restoration on these b a o l i e s has already started. The University of Peshawar is also playing an important role in the excavation, conservation, and preservation of archaeological assets of the province. The Department of Archaeology in the University, the only one in the country to award a Master’s degree in Archaeology, has successfully excavated many archeological sites in the province since its establishment. Recently, with the financial assistance of the Norwegians, it has started conservation and preservation of the Shikh Imam Dean Tomb, near Peshawar. To prevent further deterioration and decay of these resources, future programmes for archaeological resource development must concentrate on the preservation and conservation of both potential and previously excavated sites and monuments. A survey of all the excavated sites is needed to identify and select those whose existence is in danger and those that require immediate conservation and restoration. A public awareness programme is also needed to highlight the importance of the sites. The economic benefits of these sites for the local communities need to be identified. Many existing sites need to be strictly protected from encroachments. The infrastructure facilities and means of communication in and around these sites and monuments need to be upgraded and
improved, with publicity campaigns nationally and internationally to make them attractive to tourists and to maximize economic benefits for local communities. Future conservation and preservation programmes must also be based on strong elements of local community involvement. To sustain the development of archaeological resources of the NWFP for future generations and to recognize the historic and cultural importance and economic potential both for local communities and for the province, the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Department of Archaeology and Museums and the provincial directorates need to be more clearly defined. The powers and functions under the Antiquities Act, 1975, should be devolved from the Federal to provincial Government, and the Act should be reviewed to allow for sustainable development of the cultural resources of the province. Meanwhile, the possibility of provincial legislation for cultural conservation also needs to be explored. Further collaboration and linkages between the Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, the Archaeology Department of Peshawar University, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working for cultural heritage preservation need to be strengthened in order to capitalize on mutual experiences, technical capabilities, and human resources. 1 4 . 1 . 2 A rchitectural Resources & Historic Buildings There are a wide range of practical reasons why the buildings and monuments of the NWFP should be preserved. No building, whether old or new, exists in isolation. It is part of the fabric of society and interacts with social, economic, political, technical, and ecological systems. The rapid deterioration of many historic monuments in the NWFP represents a misunderstanding of their economic importance. Without these buildings, little will be left of the material culture of the province. Traditional buildings provide models and a history of how architecture has evolved in the region to meet the local requirements of materials, labour, and climate. Building conservation is labourintensive, but would create employment and business for small-scale builders. The change of use of pre- C U L T U R A L H E R I T A G E & S U S T A I N A B L E T O U R I S M 14 served buildings may in itself generate new local economic opportunities, as heritage houses are, for example, transformed into museums, galleries, hotels, and rest houses. The conservation and preservation of historic monuments in the NWFP is growing more urgent. The Government is aware of the need to conserve the cultural heritage of the province and to restore the NWFP to its formal glory. In 1986, the Peshawar Development Planning Programme identified the significance of cultural assets in the old city of Peshawar. The <strong>Conservation</strong> Cell in the Project Management Unit (PMU) of the provincial Urban Development Board took the initiative and prepared a pilot conservation scheme, the <strong>Conservation</strong> and Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings in Peshawar, for the old city of Peshawar. This had three components: the Gor Khattree complex, the Sethi Houses, and the Kotala Mohsin Khan, selected for their historical significance and architectural quality. The conservation cell in PMU, with the technical assistance of Oxford Brookes University in the United Kingdom and with the close collaboration of the National Heritage Foundation, a local NGO, has completed the documentation of various historic buildings. The conservation work on these sites has already been started by the PMU. However, conservation of individual sites and buildings will have only a slight impact on the region. There is an urgent need for the conservation and preservation of historically and culturally important buildings and sites in the NWFP within a comprehensive framework of heritage interpretation. 1 4 . 1 . 3 M u s e u m s There are four museums in the NWFP, located in Peshawar, Chakdara, Saidu Sharif, and Mardan. The museum at Peshawar is the largest facility and serves as the central museum in the province. The museums in Peshawar and Chakdara were managed, administratively and financially, by independent boards of governors until 1992, when the new Directorate of Archaeology and Museums took over management responsibilities. The museum in Saidu SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY 171
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E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y mit
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and are viewed not as producers but
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E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y a m
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The Public Consultation Process of
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1 I N T R O D U C T I O N The North
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2 2.1 I S S U E S & T R E N D S I N
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2 I S S U E S & T R E N D S I N S U
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2 I S S U E S & T R E N D S I N S U
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3 3 . 1 R E S P O N D I N G T O T H
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4 4 . 1 T O W A R D S T H E S A R H
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4 T O W A R D S T H E S A R H A D P
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4 4.5 THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCE
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Unsustainable Population Growth 71
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Forestry 133 Eliminating Political
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10.3 Average Concentration of Carbo
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6 G O V E R N A N C E & C A P A C I
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6 A similar situation persists in t
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8 would focus on social welfare pro
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8 organized. Institutions like FRC
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8 Substantial development activitie
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9 9 . 1 C O M M U N I C A T I O N &
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9 9 . 1 . 3 C O M M U N I C A T I O
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B I B L I O G R A P H Y Government
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B I B L I O G R A P H Y Sandlund, e
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Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy - IUCN

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