Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy - IUCN
Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy - IUCN Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy - IUCN
12 N A T U R A L R E S O U R C E M A N A G E M E N T The location of various mineral deposits and their quantities are given in Table 12.1. An evaluation of their economic value is still under way. Mining operations are not covered under the Environmental Protection Ordinance 1983 or under the proposed Environmental Protection Act, but a number of laws exist to regulate mining operations in the province under the regulatory body of the Inspectorate of Mines Labour Welfare, NWFP. Mining remains the most hazardous industrial occupation, whether it is open pit or underground mining. 150 SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY Most mine owners use crude extraction methods, using drilling and blasting techniques that damage human health and also cause environmental problems. Nor is there a sense of the need for rehabilitation of mined sites. The first and most physical impact of this activity is the presence of mine itself. In underground mining activity, waste rocks are piled along the major shaft entrance and when the extraction activity is finished, the land is unusable for other activity. Surface, open pit and strip mining (for coal) are also under way. Such operations generally change the topography perma- MINERAL DEPOSITS IN THE NWFP TABLE 12.1 MINERALS LOCATION QUANTITY (million metric tonnes) Metallic antimony Chitral 0.076 Arsenic Chitral Not known Chromium Kohistan & Malakand “ Copper Chitral & Dir “ Gold Chitral “ Iron Chitral, Swat, Abbotabad, Mansehra, Bannu & Kohat 1,014.5 Lead Chitral, Swat, Kohistan, Mansehra & Abbotabad – Manganese Abbotabad 0.080 Tin Mansehra Not known Tungsten Chitral & Mansehra “ Nickel Swat “ Industrial Rocks/Minerals Alum Karak “ Asbestos Chitral & Malakand “ Barite Swat, Mansehra, Swat & Mardan 0.078 Bentonite Kohat & Karak Not known China clay Dir & Mansehra 0.03 Corundum Swat & Dir Not known Dolomite Swat, Mardan & Abbotabad “ Feldspar Swat & Mansehra 0.0160 Fire Clay Nowshera & D.I. Khan Not known Fluorite Abbotabad & Dir “
N A T U R A L R E S O U R C E M A N A G E M E N T 12 MINERALS LOCATION QUANTITY (million metric tonnes) Fuller’s earth Mardan Not known Garnet Chitral & Swat “ Graphite Chitral, Malakand & Mansehra 0.029 Gypsum Abbotabad, Kohat, Karak & D.I. Khan 141.431 Cyanate Swat & Mansehra Not known Laterite Chitral, Abbotabad & Nowshera 32.120 Magnetite Abbotabad 4.000 Marble Chitral, Swat, Mansehra, Malakand, Bunair, Swabi & Nowshera 52.651 Mica Chitral, Mansehra, Swat & Dir Not known Nepheline, Syenite Swat, Hazara 200 Ocher Abbotabad – Pyrite Chitral & Mansehra – Quartz Dir & Mansehra – Quartzite Swat, Abbotabad, Haripur & Nowshera 17.4 Rock Abbotabad & Nowshera 29.23 Rock Salt Karak – Silica Sand Mansehra, Karak, Bunair & D.I. Khan 89.005 Soap Stone Kohistan, Swat, Haripur, Abbotabad, Kohat & Nowshera 0.94 Sulphur Kohat – Vermiculite Swat & Malakand – Fuel & Energy Minerals/Rocks Coal Nowshera & Karak – Oil Shale Karak & D.I. Khan – Radioactive Mansehra, Bunair, Malakand & Karak – Precious & Semi Precious Minerals/Rocks Aquamarine Chitral & Dir – Beryl Chitral & Mansehra – Emerald Swat – Topaz Mardan – Tourmaline Chitral – Tsavorite Swat – Source: Geological Survey of Pakistan, 1993. SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY 151
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12<br />
N A T U R A L R E S O U R C E M A N A G E M E N T<br />
The location of various mineral deposits and their<br />
quantities are given in Table 12.1. An evaluation of<br />
their economic value is still under way.<br />
Mining operations are not covered under the<br />
Environmental Protection Ordinance 1983 or under<br />
the proposed Environmental Protection Act, but a number<br />
of laws exist to regulate mining operations in the<br />
province under the regulatory body of the Inspectorate<br />
of Mines Labour Welfare, NWFP.<br />
Mining remains the most hazardous industrial occupation,<br />
whether it is open pit or underground mining.<br />
150 SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY<br />
Most mine owners use crude extraction methods, using<br />
drilling and blasting techniques that damage human<br />
health and also cause environmental problems. Nor is<br />
there a sense of the need for rehabilitation of mined<br />
sites. The first and most physical impact of this activity<br />
is the presence of mine itself. In underground mining<br />
activity, waste rocks are piled along the major shaft<br />
entrance and when the extraction activity is finished,<br />
the land is unusable for other activity. Surface, open pit<br />
and strip mining (for coal) are also under way. Such<br />
operations generally change the topography perma-<br />
MINERAL DEPOSITS IN THE NWFP TABLE 12.1<br />
MINERALS LOCATION QUANTITY<br />
(million metric tonnes)<br />
Metallic antimony Chitral 0.076<br />
Arsenic Chitral Not known<br />
Chromium Kohistan & Malakand “<br />
Copper Chitral & Dir “<br />
Gold Chitral “<br />
Iron Chitral, Swat, Abbotabad, Mansehra, Bannu & Kohat 1,014.5<br />
Lead Chitral, Swat, Kohistan, Mansehra & Abbotabad –<br />
Manganese Abbotabad 0.080<br />
Tin Mansehra Not known<br />
Tungsten Chitral & Mansehra “<br />
Nickel Swat “<br />
Industrial Rocks/Minerals<br />
Alum Karak “<br />
Asbestos Chitral & Malakand “<br />
Barite Swat, Mansehra, Swat & Mardan 0.078<br />
Bentonite Kohat & Karak Not known<br />
China clay Dir & Mansehra 0.03<br />
Corundum Swat & Dir Not known<br />
Dolomite Swat, Mardan & Abbotabad “<br />
Feldspar Swat & Mansehra 0.0160<br />
Fire Clay Nowshera & D.I. Khan Not known<br />
Fluorite Abbotabad & Dir “
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