Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy - IUCN

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E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y Linked to the problem of administrative accountability and the organization of Government is the problem of outdated legislation and legislative gaps, particularly in environmental sectors. There is also a lack of respect for the law among the population in general, a lack of knowledge about existing civil rights, and a problem with enforceability. And there are problems related to corruption. A tendency to create tough new laws followed by draconian enforcement techniques has led to failure in the past. It will be better to produce laws that balance incentives and partnerships with sanctions and penalties. It is also important to take measures to involve and educate people about the purpose and objectives of the statutes and to provide sufficient time for public awareness programmes to take p l a c e . Decentralization of planning was an important theme that emerged from the public consultation process. In most district-level meetings, even with high participation by public servants, the organized village welfare organizations were not afraid to speak clearly. They felt local priorities were not being listened to by the planners. This concern varied from district to district, but in general the farther the district was from Peshawar, the greater the sense of alienation. District-level planning teams were suggested as a means for people to determine the development priorities for their district. There was a related theme, for the ‘privatization’ of certain Government functions, to help communities break out of the cycle of dependence on Government planning, resources and welfare. This was accompanied by often spontaneous statements of a need for greater direct democracy at the district level. Finally, a number of institution-strengthening projects were proposed, in addition to those already under way. These are the general issues and problems facing the people of the NWFP. Initiating change in this ‘culture’ will take much time and effort. But improved and more responsible governance lies at the very heart of the Sarhad Provincial Conservation S t r a t e g y . xiv SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY 4 POVERTY ALLEVIATION & POPULATION The NWFP’s population is growing at a high rate, widening the gap between consumption and resource availability. This is leading to unsustainable development patterns within the province. Disparities in development, resource use, and allocation prevail in regions, societies, and different groups, developing a sense of inequity and causing poverty among different sections of society. Most of the poor are in the rural areas of the province. These areas are characterized by inadequate infrastructures, insufficient marketing facilities, poor health and education services, and inadequate living conditions. The Government of NWFP is addressing the socio-economic aspects of these problems through the national Social Action Programme (SAP)—that seeks to provide basic education, health, sanitation and family-planning facilities throughout the province, that are within easy reach of the population and that offer high-quality services to all. The strategy is to improve planning and implementation by ensuring timely availability of adequate funds and quality delivery of services. Equally important, the Government is engaged in a dialogue with NGOs to involve them and the communities in development efforts. The SAP is regarded as an integral part of the SPCS, for it addresses key human development aspects that relate directly to environmental problems. Poverty Alleviation The NWFP is a diverse province and there are different needs and requirements in the rural communities, which vary in accordance with the local geographical, climatic, and ecological conditions. Broadly, the NWFP can be categorized into three regions: the central plains, the north and northeastern mountains, and the southern semi-arid plains. The Central Plains Region This region consists primarily of Peshawar valley including Peshawar Division, Mardan Division, and the southern part of the Malakand Division where the quality of life is relatively better. Future efforts need to
e focused on an integrated rural development programme based on agriculture development, extension services training, farm forestry, and provision of basic services, utilities, and facilities, with the heavy involvement of local communities. Cottage industry and local agro-industry will be promoted in rural areas, with environmental protection measures included. Health and education development programmes accelerated to provide wider coverage in rural areas. And the capacity and governance of village-level institutions strengthened and improved to deliver improved services. The Mountainous Region This region consists of the mountain areas of the Malakand and Hazara Division of the province. Here the pace of development has been slow. Attention needs to be paid to the provision of basic services and utilities such as clean water, drainage, sanitation, health, and education through integrated rural development programmes. To create local employment, mineral resources and the potential for ecotourism require greater exploration. The institutional capacity at the local level must be strengthened and partnership programmes with local communities and NGOs encouraged, to increase the capacity for sustainable management of mountain natural resources. The Southern Region Special attention is required for the improvement of socio-economic conditions in the southern region of the NWFP stretching over the Kohat, Bannu and D.I. Khan Divisions. It is essential that the Social Action Programme give priority to this region, to improve basic services and utilities and clean drinking water. Greater community involvement is required in all development programmes to increase the capacity of Government institutions to deliver services. All development programmes require income generation schemes that draw on the agricultural potential of the region. Emphasis needs to be given to upgrading and improving the existing infrastructure system. District Strategies Good governance and poverty alleviation demand devolution of authority to promote decentralised plan- E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y ning and to effectively utilise local resources to address local problems. The SPCS envisages districtlevel conservation strategies—pilot strategies are to be developed in response to local needs. Unsustainable Population Growth Natural resources are not limited, and there has to be a balance between their use and consumption. The potential for the resources of the NWFP to support the province’s increasing population is not encouraging. The population growth is squeezing the availability of space for natural resource development as well as increasing the demand on available resources. This is having many adverse environmental impacts and is increasing the pressure on other resources. However, the trend in the NWFP is to have large families. This is partly because it is still a conservative society, where the men deal with the outside world, while women are restricted to housekeeping; and partly because sons are a matter of pride and economic security. Attempts to have a lot of sons generally lead to large families. Women have mostly not been educated and are permitted only limited mobility. A change is in order. But care must be taken to respect local culture and traditions in effecting this change. The SAP population-planning programme places a strong emphasis on family planning services being made available through the village health worker or through the traditional birth attendant at the mohallah (neighbourhood) level. This needs to be continued and the family planning system needs to be made a part of the health system for each of the facilities used by women. Equally important, awareness and education should be provided by village health workers, so that family planning is discussed openly, especially where men congregate. Women & Development Women’s work has always entailed a closer relationship with nature. Women are often ‘naturally’ privileged environmental managers, who over generations have accumulated specific knowledge about natural processes that is different than that acquired by men. Therefore, women and development are as inseparable as environment and development. Most women in the NWFP live in rural areas, are illiterate, SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY xv
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4 T O W A R D S T H E S A R H A D P
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38 SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION S
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Unsustainable Population Growth 71
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Forestry 133 Eliminating Political
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10.3 Average Concentration of Carbo
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5 5 . 1 G O A L S , O B J E C T I V
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6 G O V E R N A N C E & C A P A C I
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6 A similar situation persists in t
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6 from polythene bags. Consumer cho
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6 6 . 1 2 G O V E R N A N C E & C A
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7 P O V E R T Y A L L E V I A T I O
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7 7 . 1 . 2 P O V E R T Y A L L E V
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7 in cropping patterns and intensit
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7 public concern about poverty alle
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7 their role in development, combin
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8 8 . 1 N O N - G O V E R N M E N T
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8 would focus on social welfare pro
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8 organized. Institutions like FRC
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8 Substantial development activitie
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9 9 . 1 C O M M U N I C A T I O N &
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9 9 . 1 . 3 C O M M U N I C A T I O
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9 C O M M U N I C A T I O N & E D U
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9 9 . 2 . 3 C O M M U N I C A T I O
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106 SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION
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10 U R B A N E N V I R O N M E N T
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11 S U S T A I N A B L E I N D U S
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11 11.7 S U S T A I N A B L E I N D
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12 1 2 . 1 N A T U R A L R E S O U
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12 N A T U R A L R E S O U R C E M
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12 nently. In both underground and
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13 Biological diversity is under th
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13 B I O L O G I C A L D I V E R S
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13 of predators and prey species, b
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14 C U L T U R A L H E R I T A G E
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Federal NGO Fund for Environment 20
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15 The first three chapters in Part
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16 The dynamic and recurrent nature
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16 the Chief, Environment. This wil
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16 I N S T I T U T I O N A L P R O
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16 1 6 . 5 . 2 I N S T I T U T I O
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16 the NEQS will require engaging t
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17 1 7 . 1 F I N A N C I N G SPCS,
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17 For the purpose of the plan, env
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17 F I N A N C I N G PROJECT COST F
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17 F I N A N C I N G 202 SARHAD PRO
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17 F I N A N C I N G 1 7 . 4 . 5 Co
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18 A S S E S S I N G P R O G R E S
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B I B L I O G R A P H Y Government
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B I B L I O G R A P H Y Sandlund, e
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Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy - IUCN

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