Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy - IUCN
Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy - IUCN Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy - IUCN
7 P O V E R T Y A L L E V I A T I O N & P O P U L A T I O N DISTRIBUTION OF POOR, BY PROVINCE & RESIDENCE TABLE Pakistan Strategic regional development approaches need to be followed in all new programmes and projects to alleviate poverty and protect the environment. In infrastructure improvement projects, the local community should be involved in construction of secondary- and tertiary-level infrastructure facilities, which it is hoped will generate employment at 70 SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY PEOPLE LIVING IN POVERTY 1991 INDEX OF 1985 1988 (%) 1991 CONCENTRATION Average 18.3 16.6 17.2 100 Urban 11.1 8.7 9.8 57 Rural 21.1 19.6 20.6 119 Balochistan Total 27.5 9.3 7.1 41 Urban 17.0 4.4 4.5 26 Rural 28.5 10.0 7.7 45 NWFP Total 9.6 15.5 20.0 117 Urban 7.5 12.4 14.3 83 Rural 9.0 16.0 21.4 124 Punjab Total 19.0 19.9 19.0 110 Urban 12.8 11.9 11.4 66 Rural 21.3 22.6 21.9 127 Sindh Total 15.3 9.5 12.3 71 Urban 7.0 3.4 6.7 39 Rural 22.2 14.6 17.6 102 Source: The World Bank. 1995. Pakistan Country Report for the Social Summit. The World Bank, Washington DC. 7.3 the local level. Decision making and planning should be decentralized to reflect the priorities and requirements of rural society in the development process, and development institutions at village level should be strengthened and provided with staff trained in integrated rural development and rural economics. To diversify rural economies and create
local employment, cottage industry promotion and development should be initiated and accelerated, with training in local crafts and support for the marketing of finished goods. Private financial institutions should be encouraged to extend credit facilities to rural communities. 7 . 3 U N S U S TAINABLE POPULAT I O N G R O W T H Natural resources are not limitless, and there has to be a balance between their use and consumption. While an expanding population applies greater pressure, it also squeezes the availability of space for natural resource generation. Increasing populations also need housing, jobs, education, health facilities, a water supply, and sanitation facilities. All these services and utilities require heavy capital investments, the resources for which must be raised through taxes. This presumes that the country and the province have a sound economy with a well-developed and growing social, economic, financial and industrial base, and the citizens are equitable beneficiaries and have the capacity to be taxed. If these prerequisites are absent—as they are in the NWFP—then the fast growth in population is a luxury the province cannot a f f o r d . 7 . 3 . 1 P O V E R T Y A L L E V I A T I O N & P O P U L A T I O N 7 Demographic Trends & Productive Land Resourc e The NWFP has a total area of 10.17 million hectares. But land use statistics vary: some sources estimate the cultivated and forest area of the province to be 19% and 17% respectively (see Table 2.1), while the NWFP Development Statistics estimate 23% to be cultivated and 14% to be forested (see Table 7.4). With an estimated population of 15.5 million in 1991, and using the later estimates, the population density in the NWFP is approximately 0.5 persons per hectare. But the density per irrigated cultivable area is 18 persons per hectare, which does not compare well internationally. Comparing the increase in population with the available land in past decades shows a high population increase while the productive land resource increase is much lower, further indicating that land resources are under tremendous pressure. Overexploitation of the resource is currently increasing, which is likely to continue as the province attempts to meet the demand for food. This growing pressure and high rate of exploitation is having many adverse environmental impacts and is increasing the pressure on other natural resources. The capacity of cultivable land to support larger numbers of people can be enhanced through changes DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS & PRODUCTIVE LAND RESOURCES TABLE CENSUS POPULATION INTER-CENSAL ANNUAL FOREST CULTIVATED YEAR INCREASE GROWTH RATE AREA AREA (million) (%) (%) (%) (%) 1951 4.556 –—- –--- 4.23 –- 1961 5.731 25.77 2.34 4.55 –- 1972 8.388 46.37 3.32 10.86 16 1981 11.061 31.86 3.32 10.26 19 1991* 15.507 40.19 3.2 13.66 23 2001* 20.084 43.39 3.0 –-— –- 2011* 26.934 29.26 2.6 –-— –- Source: Government of NWFP. 1994. NWFP Development Statistics. Bureau of Statistics, PE&D Department, Peshawar. * Projected figures given assumed growth rates. 7.4 SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY 71
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7<br />
P O V E R T Y A L L E V I A T I O N & P O P U L A T I O N<br />
DISTRIBUTION OF POOR, BY PROVINCE & RESIDENCE TABLE<br />
Pakistan<br />
Strategic regional development approaches<br />
need to be followed in all new programmes and<br />
projects to alleviate poverty and protect the environment.<br />
In infrastructure improvement projects, the<br />
local community should be involved in construction<br />
of secondary- and tertiary-level infrastructure facilities,<br />
which it is hoped will generate employment at<br />
70 SARHAD PROVINCIAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY<br />
PEOPLE LIVING IN POVERTY 1991 INDEX OF<br />
1985 1988<br />
(%)<br />
1991<br />
CONCENTRATION<br />
Average 18.3 16.6 17.2 100<br />
Urban 11.1 8.7 9.8 57<br />
Rural 21.1 19.6 20.6 119<br />
Balochistan<br />
Total 27.5 9.3 7.1 41<br />
Urban 17.0 4.4 4.5 26<br />
Rural 28.5 10.0 7.7 45<br />
NWFP<br />
Total 9.6 15.5 20.0 117<br />
Urban 7.5 12.4 14.3 83<br />
Rural 9.0 16.0 21.4 124<br />
Punjab<br />
Total 19.0 19.9 19.0 110<br />
Urban 12.8 11.9 11.4 66<br />
Rural 21.3 22.6 21.9 127<br />
Sindh<br />
Total 15.3 9.5 12.3 71<br />
Urban 7.0 3.4 6.7 39<br />
Rural 22.2 14.6 17.6 102<br />
Source: The World Bank. 1995. Pakistan Country Report for the Social Summit. The World Bank, Washington DC.<br />
7.3<br />
the local level. Decision making and planning<br />
should be decentralized to reflect the priorities and<br />
requirements of rural society in the development<br />
process, and development institutions at village<br />
level should be strengthened and provided with staff<br />
trained in integrated rural development and rural<br />
economics. To diversify rural economies and create
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