Logical Decisions - Classweb

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The Edit::Insert option. The Insert option is like the Paste option except that LDW adds a new object with the default settings instead of an object you have previously cut or copied. You can use the Insert option anywhere you can use the Paste option, except that you can't insert a level. If you use the Insert option in the Goals Hierarchy view LDW will ask you if it should insert a new goal or a new measure, since this is not clear from the context. In the Matrix view, LDW asks if you would like to insert a measure or a measure category. LDW always shows you the new object's dialog box so you can make changes after inserting. The Edit::Add option. The Add option lets you add a new object to your analysis no matter which window, if any, is active. When you select the option, you will see a dialog box with a list of the different types of items you can add. You can add a new measure, goal, alternative, preference set or measure category. Just click the radio button for the object you want and click "OK." LDW will usually ask you if you want to copy the new object from an existing object. If you say "Yes," you will pick the object to copy from a list. Otherwise, a new object with the default settings will be added. The Add a... buttons. The LDW toolbar contains buttons that add specific objects. You can add alternatives, goals, measures and measure categories using these buttons. These buttons are all available in the View::Quick Entry view. The add a measure and goal buttons are available in the View::Goals Hierarchy view. The add a measure, measure category and alternative buttons are available in the View::Matrix view. The Edit::Cut option. The Cut option lets you delete the object you have selected but save it for later pasting into the analysis. If you cut a goal, LDW also cuts all of the goals and measures below it and saves them for pasting. The Edit::Copy option. The Copy option lets you save the object you have selected for later pasting into the analysis without deleting it. If you copy a goal, LDW also copies all of the goals and measures below it and saves them for pasting. 6-2 Section 6 -- Using LDW 1: Structuring
The Edit::Paste option. The Paste option lets you retrieve an object you've saved using the Cut or Copy option. If you paste a goal, LDW also pastes all of the goals and measures below it. The Edit::Delete option. You can use the Delete option to delete an object you have selected in a view window. LDW will not save the object you delete for later pasting, and will ask you to confirm before the deletion takes place. LDW does not delete the members of a goal you delete, but makes them members of the next higher goal in the hierarchy. If the active window is not a view window, the Delete option becomes the opposite of the Add option. Then you can delete any of the objects in your analysis. When you select the option, you will see a dialog box with a list of the different types of items you can delete. You can delete a measure, goal, alternative, preference set or measure category. Just click the radio button for the object you want and click OK. You will pick the object to delete from a list. The Edit::Modify option. The Modify option lets you view the dialog box for any existing object in your analysis no matter which window, if any, is active. When you select the option, you will see a dialog box with a list of the different types of items you can modify. You can modify a measure, goal, alternative, preference set or measure category. Just click on the radio button for the object you want and click OK. You will pick the object to modify from a list. The Edit::Undo option. The Undo option lets you undo many actions you have taken in LDW. Views for structuring your analysis You develop the structure for an LDW analysis in the windows you can create in the View menu. LDW automatically displays the two most important windows -- the Goals Hierarchy view and the Matrix view when you start it or when you load in a new LDW file. You can create as many copies of these windows as you want. This can be useful for viewing several different parts of a complicated analysis all at once. The following options are available in the View menu: Section 6 -- Using LDW 1: Structuring 6-3
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Logical Decisions Decision Support
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
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Assessing Weights with Weight Ratio
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Assessing Interactions Between Meas
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Introduction Real decisions aren't
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S E C T I O N Requirements and Inst
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"Logical Decisions". This program g
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Quick Start Introduction This secti
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Defining goals and measures. In LDW
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Figure 3-1. The SUF for "Years of E
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weights of the measures. All of the
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S E C T I O N Basic Tutorial 4
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Figure 4-1. Tutorial overview. 4-2
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Now lets make sure the alternatives
Page 34 and 35: Assume you have decided that you wi
Page 36 and 37: Next we will enter the measures for
Page 38 and 39: Defining Preferences The alternativ
Page 40 and 41: 1. Select the Assess::Common Units
Page 42 and 43: almost equally unacceptable, while
Page 44 and 45: 1. Select the Assess::Common Units
Page 46 and 47: When you do this, the tradeoff grap
Page 48 and 49: 1. Select "Performance" and "Price"
Page 50 and 51: 8. Click on the "Equal" button to t
Page 52 and 53: Figure 4-11. Display generated by R
Page 54 and 55: Figure 4-13. Overall ranking for tr
Page 56 and 57: Figure 4-15. Graph showing sensitiv
Page 58 and 59: You can see the completed introduct
Page 61 and 62: Advanced Tutorial This tutorial sec
Page 63 and 64: Probabilities There is a problem wi
Page 65 and 66: This information indicates that the
Page 67 and 68: A uniform distribution is defined b
Page 69 and 70: On the left is a list of the possib
Page 71 and 72: Figure 5-2. Example of Results::Unc
Page 73 and 74: screen a large database for the alt
Page 75 and 76: 9. LDW will ask if you want to appe
Page 77 and 78: commit to buying their truck before
Page 79 and 80: see that the rankings for all the a
Page 81: S E C T I O N Using LDW 1: Structur
Page 86 and 87: ! Summary -- view a dialog box that
Page 88 and 89: structure like an organization char
Page 90 and 91: If you check the Show Assessment St
Page 92 and 93: saves it for later pasting. When yo
Page 94 and 95: You can create a new Matrix view by
Page 96 and 97: The quick entry view shows the alte
Page 98 and 99: Structuring Goals The goals in an L
Page 100 and 101: these two fields to describe each m
Page 102 and 103: the hierarchy. In the Matrix view,
Page 104 and 105: ! Point Estimate -- use a single nu
Page 106 and 107: Figure 6-12. Example of a measure l
Page 108 and 109: Figure 6-14. Example of a measure l
Page 110 and 111: pass, LDW replaces each probabilist
Page 112 and 113: Figure 6-17. Dialog box for definin
Page 114 and 115: Figure 6-18. Measure Category Dialo
Page 117: S E C T I O N Using LDW 2: Assessin
Page 120 and 121: measure utility functions for the g
Page 122 and 123: information as possible when you ch
Page 124 and 125: measures with categories require mu
Page 126 and 127: The "Reset" button deletes any asse
Page 128 and 129: You can change the shape of the cur
Page 130 and 131: Figure 7-4. Utility Assessment Scre
Page 132 and 133: very different from the average of
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Figure 7-6. Assessment matrix for A
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You can, however, leave the assessm
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properties dialog box can be select
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the same level. LDW provides a grap
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options in the Hierarchy menu to ad
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The check box labeled "Allow Repres
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Next you will see a tradeoff assess
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The Tradeoff::Use Alternatives to S
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Figure 7-13. Example of Direct Entr
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You can think of the importance num
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Figure 7-15. Assessment Screen for
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When you have selected two members
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("importance strength") that best d
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clicking on the "Initialize" button
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Set a Small k. The Enter Small k op
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select the tradeoff you would like
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Figure 7-18. Effects of consistency
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Using LDW 3: Reviewing Results Intr
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The curve shows how the utility fun
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The tradeoff graph has one measure
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When you select the option, you are
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the relative weights of the "Price"
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epresents a computer alternative wi
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Figure 8-11. Example of Review::Ass
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e true even if the measure has a ve
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an analysis are included in exactly
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Graph Weights The Graph Weights dis
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Figure 8-16. Results::Rank Alternat
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Figure 8-18. Dialog box for Results
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You can use the measure equivalents
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simulation for each alternative usi
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Sensitivity Graphs Sensitivity grap
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You can view a sensitivity table by
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Figure 8-28. Example of Results::Sc
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Figure 8-30. Example of Results::Sc
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In the dialog box, you are asked to
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Figure 8-34. Dialog box for Results
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Graph an Alternative The graph an a
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Figure 8-38. Example of Results::Gr
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Finally, the two radio buttons on t
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Figure 8-43. Example of Results::Co
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Printing and Saving Windows You can
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The dialog box will show you the fi
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Figure 8-45. Dialog box for Edit::C
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Changing the range for utility. You
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Figure 8-50. Dialog box for Prefere
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the current color for that type of
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copies the selected objects to the
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analysis with the skeleton analysis
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Figure 8-55. Dialog box for File::I
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the other measures. The measure nam
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The idea of the Import Structure op
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Next, LDW asks you if it should app
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Other Options utility function for
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In addition, the Window menu contai
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In Depth Introduction This section
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A third example is a portfolio deci
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Each alternative has a raw score (c
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into more specific goals continues
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Measures in LDW You define measures
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computed measure levels to common u
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Converting the Measures to Common U
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Figure 9-2. Example of linear (stra
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For an example of the mid-level spl
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Since U(L0) = U(80) = 0 and U(L1) =
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Figure 9-5. Summary of SUF assessme
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describe two alternatives: A, which
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with equal chances of 40 and 70 per
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In the original formulation of the
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1 Equal Importance Two activities c
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You begin the process by selecting
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Figure 9-7. Effects of goals with a
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0.5. Then the weight assigned to "P
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! You can use the "Smarter Method"
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allocates this weight before comput
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nth root of the product of the rati
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Figure 9-8. Summary of estimating t
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on the decision maker's response, L
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Figure 9-10. MUF assessment figure
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Now think of adjusting P so that th
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Another approach is to use the rang
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Figure 9-12. Quantitative range vs.
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If a measure’s range changes, LDW
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Figure 9-14 is an example of the ov
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Similarly, a single member can have
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chance having 160 hp (the most pref
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A probability of less than 0.5 for
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Interpreting the Ranking Results LD
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S E C T I O N Examples 10
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the idea that other manufactures an
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The completed goals hierarchy is sh
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Buying a House The ranking results
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Figure 10-5. Goals hierarchy for bu
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Overall goal Quality goal Costs goa
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The preference assessments were don
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Figure 10-9. Goals hierarchy for re
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! Noise, ! Agricultural Impacts, an
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S E C T I O N Commands Summary 11
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Assess Menu Edit Menu The Assess me
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File Menu Edit::Insert Lets you add
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utility function” if the active g
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Matrix Menu ! Hierarchy -- options
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Results::Dynamic Sensitivity See th
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Review::Compute Utilities Compute t
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Tradeoff Menu View Menu LDW display
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S E C T I O N Glossary 12
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Common Units Certainty Equivalent C
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LDW File Level Lottery Measure assi
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MUF MUF Formula See also: Alternati
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Preference Set Probabilistic Level
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Tradeoff Trial program decides whic
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Bibliography B
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The classic reference on multiple m
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Appendix This appendix describes th
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= .125 Thus the weight for cost is
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Index adjusted AHP ................
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computing ................8 - 3 int
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