Logical Decisions - Classweb

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Glossary Active Member Alternative Analytic Hierarchy Process Big K The references at the end of each term refer to commands defined in the Commands Summary section (page 11-1) (underlined) and to other terms in this Glossary (not underlined). A goal's active members are the goals or measures that are included in its MUF. The active members can be the members directly below the goal in the goals hierarchy or members of a lower level goal that does not have its own MUF, See also: Goal, Goals Hierarchy, Measure, Member, MUF. Alternatives are the choices to be ranked by the analysis. There is no limit on how many alternatives you can define, provided sufficient memory is available. Alternatives consist of a name and a level for each measure. Levels may be point estimates (single numbers), text labels or probabilistic. See also: Level, Measure, Point Estimate, Probabilistic Level. A process for computing the relative importances of a set of alternatives or goal members. The decision maker is asked to provide the ratios of the performances (or importances) of all the possible pairs of objects in the set. A method based on linear algebra is used to compute the relative utilities or weights for the objects in the set. See also: Alternative, Measure, Utility, Weight. One of the scaling constants in a MUF formula. Big K defines the degree of interaction between the members of a goal. When big K equals 0.0, an additive MUF formula is used and big K does not appear in the formula. The small ks must sum to 1.0 when big K is 0.0. If big K is greater than 0.0, the active members of the goal interact destructively, so that a low utility for one member can result in a low utility for the goal. When big K is greater than 0.0 the members of the goal interact constructively, so that the sum of the small ks is less than 1.0. If big K is less than 0.0 a high utility for one member can result in a high utility for the goal. In this case, the small ks sum to more than 1.0. See also: Constructive Interaction, Destructive Interaction, Goal, Member, MUF, MUF Formula, Small k, Utility. Section 12 -- Glossary 12-1
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Logical Decisions Decision Support
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
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Assessing Weights with Weight Ratio
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Assessing Interactions Between Meas
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Introduction Real decisions aren't
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S E C T I O N Requirements and Inst
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"Logical Decisions". This program g
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Quick Start Introduction This secti
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Defining goals and measures. In LDW
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Figure 3-1. The SUF for "Years of E
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weights of the measures. All of the
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S E C T I O N Basic Tutorial 4
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Figure 4-1. Tutorial overview. 4-2
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Now lets make sure the alternatives
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Assume you have decided that you wi
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Next we will enter the measures for
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Defining Preferences The alternativ
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1. Select the Assess::Common Units
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almost equally unacceptable, while
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1. Select the Assess::Common Units
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When you do this, the tradeoff grap
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1. Select "Performance" and "Price"
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8. Click on the "Equal" button to t
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Figure 4-11. Display generated by R
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Figure 4-13. Overall ranking for tr
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Figure 4-15. Graph showing sensitiv
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You can see the completed introduct
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Advanced Tutorial This tutorial sec
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Probabilities There is a problem wi
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This information indicates that the
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A uniform distribution is defined b
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On the left is a list of the possib
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Figure 5-2. Example of Results::Unc
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screen a large database for the alt
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9. LDW will ask if you want to appe
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commit to buying their truck before
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see that the rankings for all the a
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S E C T I O N Using LDW 1: Structur
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The Edit::Insert option. The Insert
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! Summary -- view a dialog box that
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structure like an organization char
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If you check the Show Assessment St
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saves it for later pasting. When yo
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You can create a new Matrix view by
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The quick entry view shows the alte
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Structuring Goals The goals in an L
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these two fields to describe each m
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the hierarchy. In the Matrix view,
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! Point Estimate -- use a single nu
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Figure 6-12. Example of a measure l
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Figure 6-14. Example of a measure l
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pass, LDW replaces each probabilist
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Figure 6-17. Dialog box for definin
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Figure 6-18. Measure Category Dialo
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S E C T I O N Using LDW 2: Assessin
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measure utility functions for the g
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information as possible when you ch
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measures with categories require mu
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The "Reset" button deletes any asse
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You can change the shape of the cur
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Figure 7-4. Utility Assessment Scre
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very different from the average of
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Figure 7-6. Assessment matrix for A
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You can, however, leave the assessm
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properties dialog box can be select
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the same level. LDW provides a grap
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options in the Hierarchy menu to ad
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The check box labeled "Allow Repres
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Next you will see a tradeoff assess
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The Tradeoff::Use Alternatives to S
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Figure 7-13. Example of Direct Entr
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You can think of the importance num
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Figure 7-15. Assessment Screen for
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When you have selected two members
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("importance strength") that best d
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clicking on the "Initialize" button
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Set a Small k. The Enter Small k op
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select the tradeoff you would like
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Figure 7-18. Effects of consistency
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Using LDW 3: Reviewing Results Intr
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The curve shows how the utility fun
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The tradeoff graph has one measure
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When you select the option, you are
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the relative weights of the "Price"
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epresents a computer alternative wi
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Figure 8-11. Example of Review::Ass
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e true even if the measure has a ve
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an analysis are included in exactly
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Graph Weights The Graph Weights dis
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Figure 8-16. Results::Rank Alternat
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Figure 8-18. Dialog box for Results
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You can use the measure equivalents
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simulation for each alternative usi
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Sensitivity Graphs Sensitivity grap
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You can view a sensitivity table by
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Figure 8-28. Example of Results::Sc
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Figure 8-30. Example of Results::Sc
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In the dialog box, you are asked to
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Figure 8-34. Dialog box for Results
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Graph an Alternative The graph an a
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Figure 8-38. Example of Results::Gr
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Finally, the two radio buttons on t
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Figure 8-43. Example of Results::Co
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Printing and Saving Windows You can
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The dialog box will show you the fi
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Figure 8-45. Dialog box for Edit::C
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Changing the range for utility. You
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Figure 8-50. Dialog box for Prefere
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the current color for that type of
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copies the selected objects to the
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analysis with the skeleton analysis
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Figure 8-55. Dialog box for File::I
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the other measures. The measure nam
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The idea of the Import Structure op
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Next, LDW asks you if it should app
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Other Options utility function for
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In addition, the Window menu contai
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In Depth Introduction This section
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A third example is a portfolio deci
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Each alternative has a raw score (c
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into more specific goals continues
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Measures in LDW You define measures
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computed measure levels to common u
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Converting the Measures to Common U
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Figure 9-2. Example of linear (stra
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For an example of the mid-level spl
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Since U(L0) = U(80) = 0 and U(L1) =
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Figure 9-5. Summary of SUF assessme
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describe two alternatives: A, which
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with equal chances of 40 and 70 per
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In the original formulation of the
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1 Equal Importance Two activities c
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You begin the process by selecting
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Figure 9-7. Effects of goals with a
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0.5. Then the weight assigned to "P
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! You can use the "Smarter Method"
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allocates this weight before comput
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nth root of the product of the rati
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Figure 9-8. Summary of estimating t
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on the decision maker's response, L
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Figure 9-10. MUF assessment figure
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Now think of adjusting P so that th
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Another approach is to use the rang
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Figure 9-12. Quantitative range vs.
Page 301 and 302: If a measure’s range changes, LDW
Page 303 and 304: Figure 9-14 is an example of the ov
Page 305 and 306: Similarly, a single member can have
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Page 309 and 310: A probability of less than 0.5 for
Page 311 and 312: Interpreting the Ranking Results LD
Page 313: S E C T I O N Examples 10
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Page 322 and 323: Figure 10-5. Goals hierarchy for bu
Page 324 and 325: Overall goal Quality goal Costs goa
Page 326 and 327: The preference assessments were don
Page 328 and 329: Figure 10-9. Goals hierarchy for re
Page 330 and 331: ! Noise, ! Agricultural Impacts, an
Page 333: S E C T I O N Commands Summary 11
Page 336 and 337: Assess Menu Edit Menu The Assess me
Page 338 and 339: File Menu Edit::Insert Lets you add
Page 340 and 341: utility function” if the active g
Page 342 and 343: Matrix Menu ! Hierarchy -- options
Page 344 and 345: Results::Dynamic Sensitivity See th
Page 346 and 347: Review::Compute Utilities Compute t
Page 348 and 349: Tradeoff Menu View Menu LDW display
Page 351: S E C T I O N Glossary 12
Page 355 and 356: Destructive Interaction Efficient F
Page 357 and 358: Measure Category Member Monte Carlo
Page 359 and 360: Nominal Utility Point Estimate k i=
Page 361 and 362: Sample Small k SUF willing to accep
Page 363: Utility Weight number generator and
Page 367 and 368: Bibliography This brief bibliograph
Page 369: Appendix A
Page 372 and 373: for all measures i except 1 and 2.
Page 375: Index I
Page 378 and 379: probabilistic ..............6 - 29
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