Logical Decisions - Classweb

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Review::Compute Utilities Compute the utility of a particular levels on a measure. You can also use this option to compute the level on a measure that would result in particular utilities. When you select this option, LDW displays the compute utilities dialog box. See page 8-3 for a description of this dialog box. Review::Graph Pairs of Measures Display a graph showing sets of equally preferred levels on two measures. When you select this option, LDW asks you to select two measures. LDW then displays a graph with one measure on the horizontal axis, and the other on the vertical. LDW shows a user specified number of curves, representing sets of points that would get equal utilities on a utility function consisting of just the two selected measures. Review::Single Tradeoffs Display a graph of a tradeoff between two measures or goals. Review::Tradeoff Summary Graph Display a "bubble diagram" showing the results of the tradeoffs assessed so far, similar to one on page 8-8. Review::Tradeoffs by One Measure Have LDW compute and display a set of tradeoffs that compare each measure to a single selected measure. See page 8-6 for more details on this option. Review::Weights::Graph Weights Display a bar graph of the weights for the measures and goals. Review::Weights::Percentage Weights Display the measure's weights as percentages. The table shows two different types of weights – 1) the percentage weights for the measures based on their nominal ranges as defined in the measures' properties dialog boxes and 2) adjusted weights that would result if the nominal ranges equaled the actual ranges for the alternatives. Review::Weights::MUF Formulas Display the MUF formulas for the goals. When you select this option, LDW displays a table for each goal showing the scaling constants for the scaling constants its active members. The table for each goal also shows its big K and the methods used for assessing weights and interactions. 11-12 Section 11 -- Commands Summary
SUF Menu Review::Weights::SUF Formulas Display the formulas used to convert the measure levels to common units. When you select this option, LDW displays each measure's SUF Formula in a table. LDW displays the SUF Assessment Options Menu when you are using the SUF method in the Assess::Common Units option. It provides options that let you shape the SUF curve for the active measure. SUF::Assess Utility Assess the active point's utility by asking an assessment question based on a lottery (uncertain outcome). See page 7-12 for more details on this option. SUF::Assess Value Assess the active point's utility by asking an assessment question based on the mid-level splitting method. See page 7-13 for more details on this option. SUF::Cancel Duplicates the "Cancel" button in the SUF assessment window. SUF::Delete Split Point Delete the active split point. A split point separates two sub-ranges of the active measure's SUF. When you select the option, LDW combines the two sub-ranges. LDW uses the split point as the mid-preference point of the combined sub-range. SUF::Done Duplicates the "Done" button in the SUF assessment window. SUF::Reset Range Restore the curve for a sub-range to a straight line. SUF::Split Range Split the active sub-range for the active measure's SUF into two parts. The mid-preference point for the old sub-range is the point that separates the two new sub-ranges. Section 11 -- Commands Summary 11-13
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Logical Decisions Decision Support
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
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Assessing Weights with Weight Ratio
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Assessing Interactions Between Meas
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Introduction Real decisions aren't
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S E C T I O N Requirements and Inst
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"Logical Decisions". This program g
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Quick Start Introduction This secti
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Defining goals and measures. In LDW
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Figure 3-1. The SUF for "Years of E
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weights of the measures. All of the
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S E C T I O N Basic Tutorial 4
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Figure 4-1. Tutorial overview. 4-2
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Now lets make sure the alternatives
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Assume you have decided that you wi
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Next we will enter the measures for
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Defining Preferences The alternativ
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1. Select the Assess::Common Units
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almost equally unacceptable, while
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1. Select the Assess::Common Units
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When you do this, the tradeoff grap
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1. Select "Performance" and "Price"
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8. Click on the "Equal" button to t
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Figure 4-11. Display generated by R
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Figure 4-13. Overall ranking for tr
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Figure 4-15. Graph showing sensitiv
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You can see the completed introduct
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Advanced Tutorial This tutorial sec
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Probabilities There is a problem wi
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This information indicates that the
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A uniform distribution is defined b
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On the left is a list of the possib
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Figure 5-2. Example of Results::Unc
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screen a large database for the alt
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9. LDW will ask if you want to appe
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commit to buying their truck before
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see that the rankings for all the a
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S E C T I O N Using LDW 1: Structur
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The Edit::Insert option. The Insert
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! Summary -- view a dialog box that
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structure like an organization char
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If you check the Show Assessment St
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saves it for later pasting. When yo
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You can create a new Matrix view by
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The quick entry view shows the alte
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Structuring Goals The goals in an L
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these two fields to describe each m
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the hierarchy. In the Matrix view,
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! Point Estimate -- use a single nu
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Figure 6-12. Example of a measure l
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Figure 6-14. Example of a measure l
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pass, LDW replaces each probabilist
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Figure 6-17. Dialog box for definin
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Figure 6-18. Measure Category Dialo
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S E C T I O N Using LDW 2: Assessin
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measure utility functions for the g
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information as possible when you ch
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measures with categories require mu
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The "Reset" button deletes any asse
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You can change the shape of the cur
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Figure 7-4. Utility Assessment Scre
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very different from the average of
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Figure 7-6. Assessment matrix for A
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You can, however, leave the assessm
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properties dialog box can be select
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the same level. LDW provides a grap
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options in the Hierarchy menu to ad
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The check box labeled "Allow Repres
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Next you will see a tradeoff assess
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The Tradeoff::Use Alternatives to S
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Figure 7-13. Example of Direct Entr
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You can think of the importance num
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Figure 7-15. Assessment Screen for
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When you have selected two members
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("importance strength") that best d
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clicking on the "Initialize" button
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Set a Small k. The Enter Small k op
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select the tradeoff you would like
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Figure 7-18. Effects of consistency
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Using LDW 3: Reviewing Results Intr
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The curve shows how the utility fun
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The tradeoff graph has one measure
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When you select the option, you are
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the relative weights of the "Price"
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epresents a computer alternative wi
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Figure 8-11. Example of Review::Ass
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e true even if the measure has a ve
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an analysis are included in exactly
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Graph Weights The Graph Weights dis
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Figure 8-16. Results::Rank Alternat
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Figure 8-18. Dialog box for Results
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You can use the measure equivalents
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simulation for each alternative usi
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Sensitivity Graphs Sensitivity grap
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You can view a sensitivity table by
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Figure 8-28. Example of Results::Sc
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Figure 8-30. Example of Results::Sc
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In the dialog box, you are asked to
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Figure 8-34. Dialog box for Results
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Graph an Alternative The graph an a
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Figure 8-38. Example of Results::Gr
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Finally, the two radio buttons on t
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Figure 8-43. Example of Results::Co
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Printing and Saving Windows You can
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The dialog box will show you the fi
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Figure 8-45. Dialog box for Edit::C
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Changing the range for utility. You
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Figure 8-50. Dialog box for Prefere
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the current color for that type of
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copies the selected objects to the
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analysis with the skeleton analysis
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Figure 8-55. Dialog box for File::I
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the other measures. The measure nam
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The idea of the Import Structure op
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Next, LDW asks you if it should app
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Other Options utility function for
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In addition, the Window menu contai
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In Depth Introduction This section
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A third example is a portfolio deci
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Each alternative has a raw score (c
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into more specific goals continues
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Measures in LDW You define measures
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computed measure levels to common u
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Converting the Measures to Common U
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Figure 9-2. Example of linear (stra
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For an example of the mid-level spl
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Since U(L0) = U(80) = 0 and U(L1) =
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Figure 9-5. Summary of SUF assessme
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describe two alternatives: A, which
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with equal chances of 40 and 70 per
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In the original formulation of the
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1 Equal Importance Two activities c
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You begin the process by selecting
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Figure 9-7. Effects of goals with a
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0.5. Then the weight assigned to "P
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! You can use the "Smarter Method"
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allocates this weight before comput
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nth root of the product of the rati
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Figure 9-8. Summary of estimating t
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on the decision maker's response, L
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Figure 9-10. MUF assessment figure
Page 295 and 296: Now think of adjusting P so that th
Page 297 and 298: Another approach is to use the rang
Page 299 and 300: Figure 9-12. Quantitative range vs.
Page 301 and 302: If a measure’s range changes, LDW
Page 303 and 304: Figure 9-14 is an example of the ov
Page 305 and 306: Similarly, a single member can have
Page 307 and 308: chance having 160 hp (the most pref
Page 309 and 310: A probability of less than 0.5 for
Page 311 and 312: Interpreting the Ranking Results LD
Page 313: S E C T I O N Examples 10
Page 316 and 317: the idea that other manufactures an
Page 318 and 319: The completed goals hierarchy is sh
Page 320 and 321: Buying a House The ranking results
Page 322 and 323: Figure 10-5. Goals hierarchy for bu
Page 324 and 325: Overall goal Quality goal Costs goa
Page 326 and 327: The preference assessments were don
Page 328 and 329: Figure 10-9. Goals hierarchy for re
Page 330 and 331: ! Noise, ! Agricultural Impacts, an
Page 333: S E C T I O N Commands Summary 11
Page 336 and 337: Assess Menu Edit Menu The Assess me
Page 338 and 339: File Menu Edit::Insert Lets you add
Page 340 and 341: utility function” if the active g
Page 342 and 343: Matrix Menu ! Hierarchy -- options
Page 344 and 345: Results::Dynamic Sensitivity See th
Page 348 and 349: Tradeoff Menu View Menu LDW display
Page 351: S E C T I O N Glossary 12
Page 354 and 355: Common Units Certainty Equivalent C
Page 356 and 357: LDW File Level Lottery Measure assi
Page 358 and 359: MUF MUF Formula See also: Alternati
Page 360 and 361: Preference Set Probabilistic Level
Page 362 and 363: Tradeoff Trial program decides whic
Page 365: Bibliography B
Page 368 and 369: The classic reference on multiple m
Page 371 and 372: Appendix This appendix describes th
Page 373: = .125 Thus the weight for cost is
Page 377 and 378: Index adjusted AHP ................
Page 379: computing ................8 - 3 int
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