Logical Decisions - Classweb
Logical Decisions - Classweb Logical Decisions - Classweb
When you have selected two members you would like to compare, click the "Assess" button. You will see a dialog box that lets you directly enter the ratio of the weights for the two measures. If you selected a goal and you had previously selected the "Allow Representatives for Sub-Goals" option in the assess weights dialog box, LDW would next ask you to select a representative for the goal to use in the ratio. After you return to the tradeoff assessment dialog box from assessing a weight ratio, the ratio you assessed will be added to the list titled "Previous Tradeoffs." To complete the assessments for the goal, you will need to assess as many weight ratios as there are active members (less one). To assess more ratios, just select two more members (one from each list) and click the "Assess" button to begin the assessment for the next ratio. Continue this process until you see "No new tradeoffs needed" in the "First Member:" list. Now you can click the "Done" button to return to the assess weights dialog box. You can modify a weight ratio you have already assessed by clicking on its name in the list labeled "Previous Tradeoffs" in the tradeoff assessment dialog box and clicking the “Review” button. When you do this you will see the dialog box for assessing weight ratios with the previously entered ratio as the default. Assessing Weights with the Analytic Hierarchy Process The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a variation on the pairwise weight ratios method for assessing weights. However, instead of selecting a minimum number of pairs of members to assess weight ratios for, you enter ratios for all possible pairs of members. Since you enter more ratios than are strictly needed, they are likely to be inconsistent. The AHP method then uses an approach based on linear algebra to compute a best fit set of weights based on the weight ratios you enter. The AHP method for assessing weights is like the AHP method for converting measure levels to common units. You will enter the weight ratios in the same matrix used for AHP common units. You begin the AHP weight assessment process by selecting the "Analytic Hierarchy Process" assessment method and clicking the "Assess" button in the assess weights dialog box.
Representatives are allowed for sub-goals in this method. If you have checked the "Use Representatives for Sub-Goals" option in the assess weights dialog box, LDW will ask you to select a representative for each sub-goal. These representatives will appear instead of the goal they represent in the AHP matrix. Next you will see an assessment matrix like that in Figure 7-16. Figure 7-16. Weight assessment screen for Analytic Hierarchy Process. In this matrix, the rows and columns both represent active members or their representatives. The cells in the matrix represent the ratio of the importance of the row member as compared to the column member. Since the ratio of a member to itself must be one, LDW does not show the ratios on the diagonal of the matrix. Instead, LDW uses the diagonal cells to show the current weight for each member. Initially, LDW assumes that all of the members have equal importance. This means that all the ratios equal one and all the weights are equal to 0.167 (for the example in Figure 7-16). To complete the assessment for the AHP method, you need to enter the weight ratio for each possible pair of members. This means you need to enter a ratio in each non-diagonal cell in the matrix. Since each pair appears twice in the matrix (once above the diagonal and once below it), you really only need to enter ratios for the cells above the diagonal. LDW automatically enters the proper ratio in the corresponding cell below the diagonal. You enter the ratios between alternatives by highlighting the cell you want to enter and typing in the ratio you think is appropriate. You can get help with this by double clicking on the cell. When you do this, you will see a dialog box like the one in Figure 7-7 on page 7-17. This dialog box helps you define the relative importance of the two members using terms created by the developers of the AHP approach. To set a weight ratio using the dialog box, first click on the radio button at the top of the dialog box that best describes the order of the members. Next click on the importance ratio Section 7 -- Using LDW 2: Assessing 7-39
- Page 106 and 107: Figure 6-12. Example of a measure l
- Page 108 and 109: Figure 6-14. Example of a measure l
- Page 110 and 111: pass, LDW replaces each probabilist
- Page 112 and 113: Figure 6-17. Dialog box for definin
- Page 114 and 115: Figure 6-18. Measure Category Dialo
- Page 117: S E C T I O N Using LDW 2: Assessin
- Page 120 and 121: measure utility functions for the g
- Page 122 and 123: information as possible when you ch
- Page 124 and 125: measures with categories require mu
- Page 126 and 127: The "Reset" button deletes any asse
- Page 128 and 129: You can change the shape of the cur
- Page 130 and 131: Figure 7-4. Utility Assessment Scre
- Page 132 and 133: very different from the average of
- Page 134 and 135: Figure 7-6. Assessment matrix for A
- Page 136 and 137: You can, however, leave the assessm
- Page 138 and 139: properties dialog box can be select
- Page 140 and 141: the same level. LDW provides a grap
- Page 142 and 143: options in the Hierarchy menu to ad
- Page 144 and 145: The check box labeled "Allow Repres
- Page 146 and 147: Next you will see a tradeoff assess
- Page 148 and 149: The Tradeoff::Use Alternatives to S
- Page 150 and 151: Figure 7-13. Example of Direct Entr
- Page 152 and 153: You can think of the importance num
- Page 154 and 155: Figure 7-15. Assessment Screen for
- Page 158 and 159: ("importance strength") that best d
- Page 160 and 161: clicking on the "Initialize" button
- Page 162 and 163: Set a Small k. The Enter Small k op
- Page 164 and 165: select the tradeoff you would like
- Page 166 and 167: Figure 7-18. Effects of consistency
- Page 169 and 170: Using LDW 3: Reviewing Results Intr
- Page 171 and 172: The curve shows how the utility fun
- Page 173 and 174: The tradeoff graph has one measure
- Page 175 and 176: When you select the option, you are
- Page 177 and 178: the relative weights of the "Price"
- Page 179 and 180: epresents a computer alternative wi
- Page 181 and 182: Figure 8-11. Example of Review::Ass
- Page 183 and 184: e true even if the measure has a ve
- Page 185 and 186: an analysis are included in exactly
- Page 187 and 188: Graph Weights The Graph Weights dis
- Page 189 and 190: Figure 8-16. Results::Rank Alternat
- Page 191 and 192: Figure 8-18. Dialog box for Results
- Page 193 and 194: You can use the measure equivalents
- Page 195 and 196: simulation for each alternative usi
- Page 197 and 198: Sensitivity Graphs Sensitivity grap
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- Page 201 and 202: Figure 8-28. Example of Results::Sc
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- Page 205 and 206: In the dialog box, you are asked to
Representatives are allowed for sub-goals in this method. If you<br />
have checked the "Use Representatives for Sub-Goals" option in<br />
the assess weights dialog box, LDW will ask you to select a<br />
representative for each sub-goal. These representatives will<br />
appear instead of the goal they represent in the AHP matrix.<br />
Next you will see an assessment matrix like that in Figure 7-16.<br />
Figure 7-16. Weight assessment screen for Analytic Hierarchy Process.<br />
In this matrix, the rows and columns both represent active<br />
members or their representatives. The cells in the matrix<br />
represent the ratio of the importance of the row member as<br />
compared to the column member. Since the ratio of a member to<br />
itself must be one, LDW does not show the ratios on the diagonal<br />
of the matrix. Instead, LDW uses the diagonal cells to show the<br />
current weight for each member. Initially, LDW assumes that all<br />
of the members have equal importance. This means that all the<br />
ratios equal one and all the weights are equal to 0.167 (for the<br />
example in Figure 7-16).<br />
To complete the assessment for the AHP method, you need to<br />
enter the weight ratio for each possible pair of members. This<br />
means you need to enter a ratio in each non-diagonal cell in the<br />
matrix. Since each pair appears twice in the matrix (once above<br />
the diagonal and once below it), you really only need to enter<br />
ratios for the cells above the diagonal. LDW automatically enters<br />
the proper ratio in the corresponding cell below the diagonal.<br />
You enter the ratios between alternatives by highlighting the cell<br />
you want to enter and typing in the ratio you think is appropriate.<br />
You can get help with this by double clicking on the cell. When<br />
you do this, you will see a dialog box like the one in Figure 7-7 on<br />
page 7-17.<br />
This dialog box helps you define the relative importance of the<br />
two members using terms created by the developers of the AHP<br />
approach. To set a weight ratio using the dialog box, first click on<br />
the radio button at the top of the dialog box that best describes the<br />
order of the members. Next click on the importance ratio<br />
Section 7 -- Using LDW 2: Assessing 7-39
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