Logical Decisions - Classweb

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measure utility functions for the goals. The information stored varies based on the preference assessment methods selected. LDW always has an active preference set. The active preference set is the basis for any results displays. In addition, any preference assessments done with the options in the Assess menu are part of the active preference set. You can select the active preference set with the View::Select/Change Preference Sets option. When you select this option, LDW displays the dialog box shown in Figure 7-1. At the left of this dialog box is a list of the preference sets in the analysis. Double clicking one of these will select it as the new active preference set. You can also use the "Select" button to select the highlighted preference set. You can use the "Add" button to add a new preference set to the analysis or the "Delete" button to delete the highlighted preference set from the analysis. LDW will ask you to confirm before deleting a preference set. Finally, you can click the “Properties” to view the properties dialog box for the highlighted preference set. Figure 7-1. Preference Set Selection Dialog Box. You can also change the active preference set by clicking on a preference set name in the Summary dialog box. LDW displays the active preference set in the lower right-hand corner of the <strong>Logical</strong> <strong>Decisions</strong> main window. 7-2 Section 7 -- Using LDW 2: Assessing
Adding a Preference Set. You can add a new preference set to your analysis using the Edit::Add option. Just select the "Preference Set" radio button and click OK. LDW will give you the option of copying an existing preference set or adding a new default preference set. If you copy an existing preference set, LDW also copies all of the preference information associated with the preference set. LDW assigns new preference sets the defaults for all needed preference information. You can also add a new preference by selecting the View::Select/Change Preference Sets option as described above. Deleting a Preference Set. You can delete a preference set using the Edit::Delete option. Just select the "Preference Set" radio button and click OK. LDW will ask you to select a preference set from a list and then to confirm before it deletes the preference set. You can also delete a preference set by selecting the View::Select/Change Preference Sets option as described above. If you just want to initialize all or part of your preference information to the default values, don't delete the preference set. Instead, use the initialization options in the preference set properties dialog box discussed in the next section. Modifying a Preference Set. You can change the name and other information about a preference set by using its preference set dialog box. You can view the preference set dialog box by double clicking on the name of a preference set in the View::Summary option's dialog box or by clicking the “Properties” button in the View::Select/Change Preference Sets option. In the preference set dialog box, the "Name" edit box in the upper left corner defines how LDW describes the preference set. The "ID Number" field allows an alternate description or code for the measure. You can use the Preferences::Change Names option to control how LDW uses these two fields to describe each preference set. The comments field at the bottom of the dialog box lets you provide a more detailed description of your preference set. Under the “Structure” tab in the preference set dialog box, the "Goals with a MUF" list box identifies which of the goals in the analysis will have their own utility function. You can select a goal to have a utility function by clicking on an un-highlighted goal. You can delete the utility function for a goal by clicking on its name to un-highlight it. LDW saves as much preference Section 7 -- Using LDW 2: Assessing 7-3
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Logical Decisions Decision Support
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
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Assessing Weights with Weight Ratio
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Assessing Interactions Between Meas
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Introduction Real decisions aren't
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S E C T I O N Requirements and Inst
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"Logical Decisions". This program g
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Quick Start Introduction This secti
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Defining goals and measures. In LDW
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Figure 3-1. The SUF for "Years of E
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weights of the measures. All of the
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S E C T I O N Basic Tutorial 4
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Figure 4-1. Tutorial overview. 4-2
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Now lets make sure the alternatives
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Assume you have decided that you wi
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Next we will enter the measures for
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Defining Preferences The alternativ
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1. Select the Assess::Common Units
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almost equally unacceptable, while
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1. Select the Assess::Common Units
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When you do this, the tradeoff grap
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1. Select "Performance" and "Price"
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8. Click on the "Equal" button to t
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Figure 4-11. Display generated by R
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Figure 4-13. Overall ranking for tr
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Figure 4-15. Graph showing sensitiv
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You can see the completed introduct
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Advanced Tutorial This tutorial sec
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Probabilities There is a problem wi
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This information indicates that the
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A uniform distribution is defined b
Page 69 and 70: On the left is a list of the possib
Page 71 and 72: Figure 5-2. Example of Results::Unc
Page 73 and 74: screen a large database for the alt
Page 75 and 76: 9. LDW will ask if you want to appe
Page 77 and 78: commit to buying their truck before
Page 79 and 80: see that the rankings for all the a
Page 81: S E C T I O N Using LDW 1: Structur
Page 84 and 85: The Edit::Insert option. The Insert
Page 86 and 87: ! Summary -- view a dialog box that
Page 88 and 89: structure like an organization char
Page 90 and 91: If you check the Show Assessment St
Page 92 and 93: saves it for later pasting. When yo
Page 94 and 95: You can create a new Matrix view by
Page 96 and 97: The quick entry view shows the alte
Page 98 and 99: Structuring Goals The goals in an L
Page 100 and 101: these two fields to describe each m
Page 102 and 103: the hierarchy. In the Matrix view,
Page 104 and 105: ! Point Estimate -- use a single nu
Page 106 and 107: Figure 6-12. Example of a measure l
Page 108 and 109: Figure 6-14. Example of a measure l
Page 110 and 111: pass, LDW replaces each probabilist
Page 112 and 113: Figure 6-17. Dialog box for definin
Page 114 and 115: Figure 6-18. Measure Category Dialo
Page 117: S E C T I O N Using LDW 2: Assessin
Page 122 and 123: information as possible when you ch
Page 124 and 125: measures with categories require mu
Page 126 and 127: The "Reset" button deletes any asse
Page 128 and 129: You can change the shape of the cur
Page 130 and 131: Figure 7-4. Utility Assessment Scre
Page 132 and 133: very different from the average of
Page 134 and 135: Figure 7-6. Assessment matrix for A
Page 136 and 137: You can, however, leave the assessm
Page 138 and 139: properties dialog box can be select
Page 140 and 141: the same level. LDW provides a grap
Page 142 and 143: options in the Hierarchy menu to ad
Page 144 and 145: The check box labeled "Allow Repres
Page 146 and 147: Next you will see a tradeoff assess
Page 148 and 149: The Tradeoff::Use Alternatives to S
Page 150 and 151: Figure 7-13. Example of Direct Entr
Page 152 and 153: You can think of the importance num
Page 154 and 155: Figure 7-15. Assessment Screen for
Page 156 and 157: When you have selected two members
Page 158 and 159: ("importance strength") that best d
Page 160 and 161: clicking on the "Initialize" button
Page 162 and 163: Set a Small k. The Enter Small k op
Page 164 and 165: select the tradeoff you would like
Page 166 and 167: Figure 7-18. Effects of consistency
Page 169 and 170: Using LDW 3: Reviewing Results Intr
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The curve shows how the utility fun
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The tradeoff graph has one measure
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When you select the option, you are
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the relative weights of the "Price"
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epresents a computer alternative wi
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Figure 8-11. Example of Review::Ass
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e true even if the measure has a ve
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an analysis are included in exactly
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Graph Weights The Graph Weights dis
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Figure 8-16. Results::Rank Alternat
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Figure 8-18. Dialog box for Results
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You can use the measure equivalents
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simulation for each alternative usi
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Sensitivity Graphs Sensitivity grap
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You can view a sensitivity table by
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Figure 8-28. Example of Results::Sc
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Figure 8-30. Example of Results::Sc
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In the dialog box, you are asked to
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Figure 8-34. Dialog box for Results
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Graph an Alternative The graph an a
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Figure 8-38. Example of Results::Gr
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Finally, the two radio buttons on t
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Figure 8-43. Example of Results::Co
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Printing and Saving Windows You can
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The dialog box will show you the fi
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Figure 8-45. Dialog box for Edit::C
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Changing the range for utility. You
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Figure 8-50. Dialog box for Prefere
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the current color for that type of
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copies the selected objects to the
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analysis with the skeleton analysis
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Figure 8-55. Dialog box for File::I
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the other measures. The measure nam
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The idea of the Import Structure op
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Next, LDW asks you if it should app
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Other Options utility function for
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In addition, the Window menu contai
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In Depth Introduction This section
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A third example is a portfolio deci
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Each alternative has a raw score (c
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into more specific goals continues
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Measures in LDW You define measures
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computed measure levels to common u
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Converting the Measures to Common U
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Figure 9-2. Example of linear (stra
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For an example of the mid-level spl
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Since U(L0) = U(80) = 0 and U(L1) =
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Figure 9-5. Summary of SUF assessme
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describe two alternatives: A, which
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with equal chances of 40 and 70 per
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In the original formulation of the
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1 Equal Importance Two activities c
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You begin the process by selecting
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Figure 9-7. Effects of goals with a
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0.5. Then the weight assigned to "P
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! You can use the "Smarter Method"
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allocates this weight before comput
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nth root of the product of the rati
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Figure 9-8. Summary of estimating t
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on the decision maker's response, L
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Figure 9-10. MUF assessment figure
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Now think of adjusting P so that th
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Another approach is to use the rang
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Figure 9-12. Quantitative range vs.
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If a measure’s range changes, LDW
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Figure 9-14 is an example of the ov
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Similarly, a single member can have
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chance having 160 hp (the most pref
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A probability of less than 0.5 for
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Interpreting the Ranking Results LD
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S E C T I O N Examples 10
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the idea that other manufactures an
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The completed goals hierarchy is sh
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Buying a House The ranking results
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Figure 10-5. Goals hierarchy for bu
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Overall goal Quality goal Costs goa
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The preference assessments were don
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Figure 10-9. Goals hierarchy for re
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! Noise, ! Agricultural Impacts, an
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S E C T I O N Commands Summary 11
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Assess Menu Edit Menu The Assess me
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File Menu Edit::Insert Lets you add
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utility function” if the active g
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Matrix Menu ! Hierarchy -- options
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Results::Dynamic Sensitivity See th
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Review::Compute Utilities Compute t
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Tradeoff Menu View Menu LDW display
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S E C T I O N Glossary 12
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Common Units Certainty Equivalent C
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LDW File Level Lottery Measure assi
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MUF MUF Formula See also: Alternati
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Preference Set Probabilistic Level
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Tradeoff Trial program decides whic
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Bibliography B
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The classic reference on multiple m
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Appendix This appendix describes th
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= .125 Thus the weight for cost is
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Index adjusted AHP ................
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computing ................8 - 3 int
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