PAPERS OF THE NAACP - ProQuest

A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of 

BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES 

Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections 

General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr., and August Meier 

PAPERS OF THE NAACP 

Part 

9 

Discrimination in the 

U.S. Armed Forces, 

1918-1955 

Series C: 

The Veterans Affairs Committee, 

1940-1950 

UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA

A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of 

BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES 

Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections 

General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr., and August Meier 

PAPERS OF THE NAACP 

Part 9. Discrimination in the 

U.S. Armed Forces, 1918-1955 

Series C: 

The Veterans Affairs Committee, 

1940-1950 

Editorial Adviser 

Richard M. Dalfiume 

State University of New York at Binghamton 

Project Coordinator 

Randolph Boehm 

Guide compiled by 

Eric Gallagher 

A microfilm project of 

UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA 

An Imprint of CIS 

4520 East-West Highway * Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3389

Library of Congress Catatoging-in-Publication Data 

National Association for the Advancement of Colored 

People. 

Papers of the NAACP. 

Accompanied by printed reel guides. 

Contents: pt. 1. Meetings of the Board of Directors, 

records of annual conferences, major speeches, and 

special reports, 1909-1950 / editorial adviser, August 

Meier--[etc.]--pt. 8, ser. A & B. Discrimination in the 

criminal justice system--pt. 9, ser. A, B, & C. 

Discrimination in the U.S. armed forces, 1918-1955. 

1. National Association for the Advancement of 

Colored People-Archives. 2. Afro--Americans--Civil rights-- 

History--20th century--Sources. 3. A f r o - A m e r i c a n s - - H i s t 

relations--Sources. I. Meier, August, 1923- 

II. Boehm, Randolph. 

E185.61 973'.0496073 86-892185 

ISBN 1-55655-118-5 (microfilm : pt. 9C) 

Copyright © 1989 by University Publications of America. 

All rights reserved. 

ISBN 1-55655-118-5.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Introduction vii 

Note on Sources xvii 

Editorial Note xvii 

Scope and Content Note xix 

Abbreviations xxiii 

Reel Index 

Reel 1 

Group II, Series G, Veterans Affairs Files 

Group II, Box G-1 

Branch Veterans Committees 1 

Group II, Boxes G-1 cont.-G-2 

Camp Investigations 1 

Reel 2 

Group II, Series G, Veterans Affairs Files cont. 

Group II, Box G-2 cont. 

Camp Investigations cont 3 


Courts-martial 4 

Reel 3 



Courts-martial cont 6

Reel 4 



Courts-martial cont 7 


Discharge Reviews 9 

Reel 5 



Discharge Reviews cont 10 

Reel 6 



Discharge Reviews cont 13 


Employment 16 

Reel 7 



General Correspondence 16 

Reel 8 



General Correspondence cont 19 


General Correspondence 19 

G.I. Benefits 20 

Loyalty Cases 20 


Miscellany 21

Reel 9 



Pension and Disability Claims 21 

Reel 10 



Pension and Disability Claims cont 24 

Reports 25 


Soldier Compaints 25 

Reel 11 



Soldier Complaints cont 26 

Reel 12 



Soldiers Complaints cont 29 

Speeches--Dedmon, Jesse 0 30 


State Veterans' Laws 30 

Universal Military Training 30 

Veterans Administration 30 

Veterans Training Survey 31 

Correspondent Index 33 

Subject Index 37

INTRODUCTION 

Throughout American history the relationship of African-Americans to the nation's military 

to integration of the armed forces in the post-World War II era, a dynamic exerted itself: African- 

Americans, recognizing that military service provided both opportunities not otherwise available and 

a claim for full citizenship, sought such opportunities. White Americans, acting out of prejudiced 

beliefs concerning blacks' roles, prowess, or fears about allowing a subjected population to acquire 

military skills, sought to restrict participation until the demands of an emergency required them to 

relent. Once the emergency was over there was an effort to both disparage the military service of 

African-Americans and to restrict it once again. 

Early American Militia 

This pattern was established in the colonial militia, where each colony initially followed an 

exclusionist policy until some saw fit to temporarily modify the restrictions to meet an increased need 

for manpower generated by one crisis or another. This pattern prevailed during the American 

Revolution when African-Americans were excluded from the Continental army. After white volunteers 

became harder to enlist, this policy changed and approximately 5,000 blacks served. Although official 

policy barred African-Americans from the militia and the regular armed forces of the new nation, 

military necessity provided opportunities for army and navy service in the 1798-1800 naval war with 

France and in the War of 1812. Beginning around 1800 the navy, finding it increasingly difficult to fill 

its roster because of the dangers and discomfort of sea duty, began enlisting blacks in disregard of 

whatever the official policy of the moment happened to be. This tradition lasted till the end of the 

nineteenth century. 

It was not until the Civil War that the African-American soldier was made a permanent part of the 

U.S. military establishment. At first President Lincoln, intent on maintaining the loyalty of the border 

states and on catering to those in the North who saw the war as a secessionist crisis rather than a 

conflict over slavery, refused to sanction any policy--including the use of black soldiers--that would 

support the view that this was a war for abolition. By 1863, as the war became one for abolishment 

of slavery and as the need for military manpower increased, Lincoln supported, tentatively at first and 

then with increasing conviction, the utilization of African-American soldiers. Although prejudice and 

discrimination followed them wherever they marched, by 1865 black soldiers were doing a significant 

share of the fighting and dying for the union, comprising between 9 and 10 percent of the army's 

strength. In recognition of their service and sacrifice, Congress made black units a part of the regular 

army for the first time--the Ninth and Tenth U.S. Cavalry Regiments and the Twenty-fourth and 

Twenty-fifth Infantry Regiments were established by law. 

From the end of the Civil War until the Spanish-American War, the four regular army units fought 

Indians and garrisoned outposts in the West. During the Spanish-American War the regulars, as well 

as volunteers, served in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and the Philippine insurrection that 

followed. The Ninth and Tenth Cavalry Regiments played a significant role in the most famous 

engagement of the war at San Juan Hill--a valor that Theodore Roosevelt at first acknowledged but 

later came to disparage as he sought the votes of white southerners, who were committed to 

establishing the Jim Crow system of rigid segregation and discrimination as the replacement for 

slavery and the shifting twilight zone of freedom that followed the Civil War.

The period from the 1880s into the early 1900s witnessed a number of developments that served 

to legitimize racism, segregation, and discrimination in the eyes of the majority. These included a 

series of Supreme Court decisions that diluted the promises of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth 

Amendments to the Constitution and made "separate but equal" the law of the land; the 

hostility in northern politics; the tendency to exclude African-Americans from the union movement and 

to freeze their occupations to those of the lowest status and pay; the increasing turn to mob violence 

through lynchings or race riots; and the infusion of popular culture with the tenets of scientific racism, 

providing a patina of respectability for racial prejudice and discrimination. 

The color line that was drawn firmer in American society inevitably affected the military 

came, by the early 1900s, to restrict the service of blacks to that of messmen or servants, and then 

to exclude them from even this role in favor of Filipinos. By 1932 the navy had just slightly more than 

four hundred blacks on active duty. The newly established National Guard allowed states to exclude 

black militia units, as several states in the South did. When the regular army underwent expansion 

in the first decade of the twentieth century to police the empire acquired from the war with Spain and 

to flex the nation's muscles as an emerging military power, some black leaders, including Booker T. 

Washington, expressed hope that expanded opportunities for African-Americans would be included. 

The army responded to such entreaties with arguments embracing Jim Crow: placing black units 

among a white population devoted to segregation would "open a running sore"; studies indicated that 

black Americans as a race did not have the skills or intelligence needed for the modern army; and in 

past wars it had been white troops alone that had fought the significant battles and made the major 

sacrifices. 

In 1906 in Brownsville, Texas, an episode occurred that pitted the soldiers of the newly stationed 

Twenty-fifth Infantry against the residents. The city government adopted a code of Jim Crow laws, 

most businesses refused to serve them, and the city park was marked with signs forbidding black 

entry. Unfounded stories circulated that the soldiers had tried to rape white women, and white citizens 

and officials went out of their way to harrass and abuse the black soldiers. Early one August morning, 

shots erupted on the streets near Fort Brown, killing one and wounding two white citizens. Although 

witnesses claimed to have seen black soldiers in the pre-dawn darkness, there remained questions 

about the evidence and no soldier could be found who admitted knowledge of the incident. 

Nevertheless, President Theodore Roosevelt ordered the dishonorable discharge of all suspects-three 

companies of Afro-American soldiers. It was not until 1972 that the army corrected this injustice 

by changing the discharges to honorable ones, when only one member of the Brownsville garrison 

was still alive. In the context of 1906, the incident led southern congressmen to call for the elimination 

of black units from the regular army and to disparage the history of African-American military service 

in general. Black Americans were deeply resentful toward Roosevelt, and their belief that the South 

was set on discrediting their right to full citizenship by discrediting their military service to the nation 

was confirmed. 

Calls for Equality 

As the incidents of mob violence against black Americans accumulated, the need for an 

short-lived Afro-American Council in the 1880s and 1890s and the National Negro Business League 

founded by Booker T. Washington in 1900. Washington's de-emphasis of political disfranchisement 

and civil rights matters in favor of accommodation with whites on economic development seemed to 

many an inadequate response to the times. By 1903 W. E. B. Du Bois was issuing a mild rebuke to 

Washington for not recognizing the virulence and reach of white supremacist thought in the nation and 

for being intolerant of those who believed that a more confrontational strategy was in order. In 1905 

Du Bois and several other black men and women organized the Niagara Movement to protest 

lynching, disf ranchisment, Jim Crow, and the leadership from the nation's capital. When a lynch mob 

formed in Abraham Lincoln's hometown of Springfield, Illinois, in 1908 and went on a rampage for 

three days, a number of white progressive reformers, fearful of what the spread of mob violence to 

the North meant for the future of American democracy, resolved to take action. In 1909 they issued

a "Call to Discuss Means for Securing Political and Civil Equality for the Negro" to an interracial group 

of reformers. By 1911 this conference became a permanent organization, the National Association 

for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), with Du Bois as editor of the association's journal, 

The Crisis. 

The period encompassing World War I witnessed a new peak in mob violence directed against 

blacks and, paradoxically, renewed hope among blacks that the deterioration in their prospects since 

the late nineteenth century was about to be reversed. Between 1910 and 1920, 555,000 black 

southerners left the South finding hope in the promise of better jobs, higher pay, and escape from the 

discrimination, segregation, and violence. On the other hand white southerners feared and resented 

the loss of their cheap supply of labor, and white northerners feared the consequences of racial 

diversity for their neighborhoods and cities and the competition for jobs and housing. In 1917, the first 

summer of U.S. involvement in the war, there were race riots in Waco, Texas; Memphis, Tennessee; 

Chester, Pennsylvania; and East St. Louis, Illinois, where the mayor, police, and local militia allowed 

houses of blacks with the tenants still inside to be burned and where at least two hundred men, 

women, and children were massacred. The potential effect of this racial cauldron on the military 

seemed evident to many when, in Houston, Texas, black soldiers of the Twenty-fourth Infantry rioted 

and killed sixteen whites in protest against their outrageous treatment by local civilians and the lack 

of concern by their white officers. 

In addition to the prospects for better economic opportunities, the war also seemed to promise a 

break in the racial status quo in the United States and the world, providing another strand of optimism 

for African-Americans in the midst of interracial conflict. If this was indeed a war to make the world 

safe for democracy, as President Woodrow Wilson presented it to the nation, surely they were 

included, many African-Americans hoped. W. E. B. Du Bois expressed extreme optimism that this was 

the case in a Crisis editorial, claiming that "the tide against the Negro in the United States has been 

turned, and...from now on we may expect to see the walls of prejudice gradually crumble before the 

onslaught of common sense and racial progress." Prominent whites lent support to this notion of the 

war's impact on race relations. Theodore Roosevelt was telling black audiences that America's war 

aim of securing greater international justice in the world would lead to a "juster and fairer treatment 

in this country of colored people." 

In July, 1918, Du Bois published his most famous wartime editorial, "Close Ranks," in the Crisis: 

Let us not hesitate. Let us, while the war lasts, forget our special grievances and close 

our ranks shoulder to shoulder with our white fellow citizens and the allied nations 

that are fighting for democracy. We make no ordinary sacrifice, but we make it gladly 

and willingly with our eyes lifted to the hills. 

Although Du Bois probably represented the majority of black opinion, there was an outpouring of 

militant objections. Even the Washington, D.C. branch of the NAACP adopted a resolution scoring 

the "Close Ranks" editorial for being "not timely [and] inconsistent with the work and the spirit of the 

Association." They saw no reason for "stultifying our consciences [or] pretending or professing to be 

ignorant of, or indifferent to, the acts of indignity and injustice continually heaped upon us, or by 

admitting that they are to be excused or forgotten until they are discontinued." 

Military Discrimination 

This anxiety, suspicion, and anger fed on the collective memories of past discrimination against 

black servicemen and on reports of current abuses such as the fate of the Houston garrison. 

Discrimination occurred at the beginning of the process of becoming a soldier--in the draft. All-white 

draft boards, especially in the South, saw nothing wrong with preserving the flower of white manhood 

by filling their quotas with African-Americans. The result was that blacks made up a higher total of the 

number of draftees than their percentage of the population. The Marine Corps continued to exclude 

blacks as it had since 1798. The navy followed the policy it had evolved since the turn of the century, 

accepting blacks as stewards only. Most of the 380,000 African-American servicemen of World War 

I served in the army, 89 percent of whom were placed in hastily organized service or labor units. The 

Wilson administration sought to retain the support of the black community for the war by providing

opportunities to serve in the combat arms through the creation of two new combat units (the Ninetysecond 

Division and the Ninety-third Division (Provisional)), the appointment of a black assistant to 

the secretary of war, and the provision for black officers' training at the urging of the NAACP and 

others. At the same time, the administration sought to assure whites that no major changes in the 

racial status quo were necessary for the war effort. 

The leadership of the army, like most white Americans of that time, firmly believed in the racial 

inferiority of blacks and the host of racial stereotypes that served to confirm this belief. There was the 

notion that African-Americans were fit only for labor duties because of their long history as laborers, 

and conversely they were unfit for combat duty because of a lower intelligence and an innate 

cowardice. A common premise in the army was that southern white noncommissioned and 

commissioned officers made the best leaders for black soldiers because they "understood" their 

limitations. One result of this policy was continual resentment by black soldiers toward their white 

leaders, who routinely called them "nigger," "coon," and "darkey." Disdain and disrespect for black 

officers was rampant and provided a deeply embittering experience for many who served. 

The effects of such attitudes on the morale and performance of black servicemen ran deep. Many 

white contemporaries, as well as a later generation of military leaders, would look at the experience 

of World War I and say "I told you so." Such was General Robert Lee Bullard, commander of the 

Second Army, to which the Ninety-second Division was assigned. "Poor Negroes! They are 

hopelessly inferior," he wrote in his diary. This controversy came to be centered on the performance 

of black combat units in Europe, particularly the Ninety-second Division. Historians looking at the 

history of this ill-trained, ill-led unit find a self-fulfilling prophecy. As Bernard Nalty concludes: "Little 

was expected of the blacks fighting in the American army. They were trained accordingly, and they 

responded by performing pretty much as the white generals expected." An interesting counterpoint 

are the four black infantry regiments of the Ninety-third Division--the 369th, 370th, 371 st, and 372nd 

attached to the French army where they were treated more as comrades and more was expected and 

delivered. Three of these regiments were awarded the croix de guerre for valor under fire. 

Racial Crises 

The once bright hopes of democracy being the result of a war fought for democracy became more 

difficult to sustain as race relations deteriorated at home and the extent of discrimination and 

mistreatment of black servicemen became known. Fifty-eight African-Americans were lynched in the 

United States in 1918 (an increase from thirty-eight in 1917) and seventy in 1919, many of them 

soldiers still in uniform. The Ku Klux Klan was revived in the South as early as 1915 and was 

experiencing the dramatic growth that would make it a national political force throughout the nation 

in the 1920s. Racists were alarmed that the more liberal attitude of Europeans toward black 

servicemen in Europe had dangerously corrupted "our niggers." So much blood was spilled in 

interracial strife during the summer of 1919 that it was called the "Red Summer." Between June and 

the end of the first postwar year, some twenty-five race riots occurred, the most serious being in 

Chicago where 38 people were killed, 537 injured, and 1,000 families, mostly black, were left 

homeless. Having travelled far from the optimistic call of "close ranks" in 1918, W. E. B. Du Bois cried 

out to the NAACP in 1919: "By the God of Heaven, we are cowards and jackasses if now that the war 

is over, we do not marshal every ounce of our brain and brawn to fight a sterner, longer, more 

unbending battle against the forces of hell in our land." 

The treatment accorded black servicemen was like a spreading stain of despair to the African- 

American community. In 1918 the NAACP decided to support the writing of a history of African- 

Americans in the war as a source of pride and as a counter to the expected efforts of whites to 

disparage those contributions. Du Bois was commissioned to write it and was sent to Europe to gather 

materials. In articles published in The Crisis, he expressed shock over what he found. "Anti-Negro 

prejudice was rampant in the American army," he reported. Du Bois expressed the indignation and 

sense of betrayal of many when he asked how African-American soldiers "who had offered their lives 

for their people and their country, could be so crucified, insulted, degraded, and maltreated while their 

fathers, mothers, sisters, and brothers had no adequate knowledge of the real truth." Feeling within 

the NAACP was so strong that the organization passed a resolution at its annual convention calling 

for a congressional investigation of the matter.

The experience of African-American soldiers in World War I seemed to confirm the broadly held 

suspicion in the community since the late nineteenth century that prejudiced whites were intent on 

discrediting black military contributions and, by extension, their claims to full citizenship. The 

bitterness remained for a long time, and as World War II approached, those leading the protest against 

discrimination and segregation in the armed forces were black former officers and soldiers. Also, 

many of the high-ranking officers and policymakers in the army at the beginning of World War II had 

imbibed the prejudiced stereotypes of the World War I era as young officers. The NAACP, reflecting 

concern in the black community, had placed the plight of black servicemen on its agenda from its 

founding, and the organization would continue to play a leading role in the years to come. 

Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, African-Americans found themselves fending off various efforts 

by the army to reduce the number of black servicemen in the four regular army units, to convert these 

once proud combat units to service or housekeeping duties, and to continue excluding them entirely 

from the new air corps. The NAACP and other spokesmen were quick to protest these actions, but 

with little influence on a civilian and military leadership that was generally convinced that blacks were 

racially inferior to whites as soldiers. By the beginning of 1940, after Europe was engulfed in World 

War II, African-Americans were restricted from serving in the navy except in the messman's branch. 

The Marine Corps and the Army Air Corps did not accept blacks. In the army, black Americans were 

refused enlistment except for the few vacancies in the drastically reduced four regular army units. 

Blacks and Politics 

By the late 1930s, as the increasing likelihood of another world war dawned, blacks became more 

outspoken and organized in their protests to Washington, D.C. This was due in part to the influential 

Pittsburgh Courier, which, together with a group of black World War I officers, formed the Committee 

for Participation of Negroes in the National Defense in 1938. Many black veterans of World War I 

shared their bitter memories anew in the press with the message that such discrimination must not 

occur in the next war. Public opinion was further inflamed by frequent reports in the black press that 

the remnants of the four regular army regiments had been reduced to service as orderlies for white 

officers, gardeners, and "flunkies." Roy Wilkins of the NAACP wrote the secretary of war to let him 

know that on no other issue, except possibly lynching, was there such unanimity of opinion in the black 

community. As a reminder of the increasing importance of the black vote in the New Deal coalition, 

Wilkins reminded him that the administration that eliminated restrictions against blacks in military 

service would surely receive the gratitude of African-American voters in the presidential elections of 

1940. 

With the NAACP playing a leading role, intense lobbying efforts were directed in 1939 toward 

requiring the air corps to admit blacks. When this effort failed, attention turned to the Selective Service 

and Training Act of 1940, which was successfully amended to specify that there would be no racial 

discrimination in the interpretation or administration of the new law. This affirmation was modified by 

language that also stipulated that draftees must meet certain standards and must have housing and 

facilities available to receive them. Black leaders were determined to get additional assurances, 

convinced that a presidential election year was the time to get them. As Walter White, executive 

secretary of the NAACP, said to his organization's annual meeting in 1940, "Any candidate for 

president meriting the colored support must stand first for the elimination of the colored line from 

armed forces." After the Republican party platform stated that discrimination in the armed forces must 

be eliminated, President Franklin D. Roosevelt knew that more was required of him on this issue if 

black voter support for the Democratic coalition was to be assured. 

The NAACP, drawing support from a sympathetic Eleanor Roosevelt, arranged one of the rare 

meetings of black leaders with the president. The black leaders--Walter White of the NAACP, T. 

Arnold Hill of the National Urban League, and A. Philip Randolph of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car 

Porters--asked for nothing less than the integration of military service. Failing to get a response on 

ending segregation, they left a memorandum calling for a commitment to nondiscrimination in the 

implementation of the draft, admission to the Army Air Corps and other technical services, the 

expansion of black opportunities in the navy, and the acceptance of black women as nurses and Red 

Cross aides. When the secretaries of war and navy responded sluggishly to the demand for changes, 

President Roosevelt promised shortly before the election that blacks would be drafted according to

their percentage of the population and that they would serve in all branches of the service. Although 

segregation would continue because it was believed that separate units "had proven satisfactory over 

a long period of years" and "to make changes now would produce a situation destructive to morale," 

blacks must recognize that this pledge represented a "very substantial advance" over past policy. 

President Roosevelt also assured African-Americans that further developments would be 

developments were announced a week before the presidential election. Colonel Benjamin O. Davis 

was promoted to the rank of general, the first African-American to hold such rank. This promotion 

served to partially compensate for the perceived injustice of not promoting Colonel Charles Young, 

who was retired instead, at the beginning of Work) War I. At the urging of Roosevelt, William H. Hastie, 

the first black appointed to the federal bench and a staunch NAACP member, was appointed civilian 

aide to Secretary of War Henry Stimson. Campbell C. Johnson was appointed as a black adviser to 

the director of selective service. The president's assurances and appointments were generally well 

received and served their political purpose in the 1940 election. 

Discrimination in World War II 

The inefficiencies, racial conflict, and morale problems produced by a policy of segregation would 

continue to plague the military during World War II. The hypocrisy and paradox involved in fighting 

a war for the four freedoms and against aggression by an enemy preaching a master race ideology, 

while at the same time upholding racial segregation and white supremacy, was immediately apparent 

to black Americans and increasingly apparent to white Americans. To the issue of military 

Americans were routinely excluded from or hired only for the most menial jobs. By early 1941 there 

were demonstrations around the country protesting all forms of discrimination in the defense effort. 

The NAACP and an umbrella group called the Allied Committees on National Defense played a major 

role in this effort. A. Philip Randolph galvanized this renewed militancy when he wrote an article for 

the black press pointing out that all of the pleas for nondiscriminatory treatment in the defense effort 

heretofore had little effect. "Only power can affect the enforcement and adoption of a given policy," 

he wrote, "and power is the active principle of only the organized masses, the masses united for a 

definite purpose." To focus the weight of the masses, Randolph suggested a march of thousands of 

black-Americans on the nation's capital, with the slogan: "We loyal Negro-American citizens demand 

the right to work and fight for our country." 

Randolph's call energized the African-American community, challenged the NAACP and National 

Urban League to join in a major effort they did not control, and stimulated the Roosevelt administration 

to take some meaningful action to avoid what it feared, a mass march on Washington, D.C. The March 

on Washington movement originally demanded an end to military segregation and a series of actions 

and policies to attack employment discrimination. The armed services informed the president that 

integration of the military was "impossible," and in June 1941 he issued Executive Order 8802 

establishing the Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) that would be the most significant 

government agency speaking out against employment discrimination during World War II. Even 

though the march was called off, historians have noted the significance of the March on Washington 

movement as a pioneer of direct action protest that would characterize the mid-twentieth-century civil 

rights movement. Randolph himself would revive the idea of a march on Washington and successfully 

carry it off in 1963. 

From the beginning of World War II the army set out to implement its version of separate but equal. 

It alone among the services accepted black draftees, setting as its goal 10 percent of strength--the 

approximate percentage of African-Americans in the population--a goal it never reached because of 

the very requirements of segregation. Not until 1943, when forced by the War Manpower Commission 

and the selective service system, did the navy and the Marine Corps accept black draftees. Because 

the army's policy required separate training, housing, and recreation facilities, as well as separate 

assignments based on race, African-American soldiers were often viewed as manpower problems 

rather than assets. Overlaying the official policies were the deeply entrenched racial stereotypes 

among white civilian and military leaders to the effect that blacks were an inferior race, were racially 

unsuitable as combat soldiers as demonstrated during World War I, and were most satisfactory as

labor or support troops. Such an emphasis on racial segregation inevitably undermined the efficient 

utilization of manpower, supposedly a major goal of the military, and as the war continued the 

evidence of inefficiency mounted and provided ammunition for those who challenged the policies and 

practices. 

The policies and attitudes within the military also inevitably led to discrimination against African- 

American soldiers in everything from the type and the quality of training received, to the kinds of units 

provided, the opportunities for officers of color, and the treatment on and off military bases. Such 

treatment produced major morale problems for African-American soldiers, as well as civilians who 

were kept fully abreast through letters home and the hard-hitting reporting and commentary in the 

black press. William Hastie, civilian aide to the secretary of war, perceived the problems with the racial 

policy of the military after only ten months of observation. 'The traditional mores of the South," he 

wrote the secretary of war, "have been widely accepted and adopted by the army as the basis of policy 

and practice affecting the Negro soldier." He had been separated "as completely as possible" from 

his white counterpart, and in southern training camps the army had exerted little effort to ensure that 

he was properly treated by white civilians. 

This philosophy is not working. In civilian life in the South, the Negro is growing 

increasingly resentful of traditional mores. In tactical units of the army, the Negro is 

taught to be a fighting man...in brief, a soldier. It is impossible to create a dual 

personality which will be on the one hand a fighting man toward the foreign enemy, 

and on the other, a craven who will accept treatment as less than a man at home. 

One hears with increasing frequency from colored soldiers the sentiment that since 

they have been called to fight they might just as well do their fighting here and now. 

Conflicting Values 

Prior to 1943, the position of the military was as stated by General George C. Marshall, the army 

chief of staff. People like Hastie wanted to solve "a social problem which has perplexed the American 

people throughout the history of this nation [but] the army cannot accomplish such a solution, and 

should not be charged with the undertaking." The army had to recognize certain facts: segregation 

was an established American custom, and "experiments within the army in the solution of social 

problems are fraught with danger to efficiency, discipline, and morale." Hastie found himself quickly 

isolated as a radical for his unrelenting and realistic critique of the inanities of military segregation. 

When the War Department responded to the increasing volume of problems caused by its racial policy 

in 1942 by creating the Advisory Committee on Negro Troop Policies, Hastie was not consulted or 

included in this body. He finally resigned in January 1943, telling the press, "It is difficult to see how 

a Negro in this position with all his superiors maintaining or inaugurating racial segregation can 

accomplish anything of value." 

The situation was ripe for conflict and violence, and between 1941 and 1945 numerous outbreaks 

occurred. Southern white police shot and killed black soldiers on leave in communities nearby the 

camps. Soldiers of color traveling off post were expected to conform to the local mores or risk being 

clubbed, jailed, or shot. There was frequent interracial conflict between soldiers on and off military 

posts, many of these incidents involving skirmishes with weapons. One investigator for the army 

inspector general in Great Britain found African-American soldiers asking him, "Who are we over here 

to fight, the Germans or our own white soldiers?" There were countless incidents of black servicemen 

rebelling against their treatment through confrontation or passive resistance. Racial conflict also 

increased in civilian communities during the war. Lynchings increased, and in 1943 these peaked in 

a series of race riots in several large urban centers, notably Detroit, Harlem, and Los Angeles. 

The Second World War corresponded to, and helped stimulate, major changes in American race 

relations of which interracial conflict was a partial reflection. The war crisis provided African- 

Americans a unique opportunity to point out, for all to see, the difference between the American creed 

of equal opportunity and the practice of racial discrimination. The democratic ideology and rhetoric 

with which the war was fought stimulated hope that the time for change was ripe. In part, this 

confidence was also the result of the mass militancy and race consciousness that developed in these 

years, as reflected in the popularity of the March on Washington movement and the tremendous

growth of the NAACP from about fifty thousand members in 1940 to 450,000 in 1946. In addition, first 

the Great Depression and then the war encouraged a large outmigration of African-Americans from 

the South to the North and the West in search of economic opportunity, but which also had the effect 

of increasing the political significance of the black vote in the Democratic coalition in the industrial 

states. Gunnar Myrdal, author of the classic study of American race relations published during the war, 

An American Dilemma, found many who agreed with his view: "It cannot be doubted that the spirit of 

American Negroes in all classes is different today from what it was a generation ago," and as a result 

"there is bound to be a redefinition of the Negro's status in America as a result of this war." 

Renewed Commitment 

By 1943 even some military leaders began to admit the failures of segregation in gross 

of reports and criticism by the NAACP and the black press and the resulting pressure from the 

administration to take some positive steps. In part it also resulted from the recognition that there was 

a growing shortage of military manpower at just the point that planning forthe final push toward victory 

was underway. Under the circumstances, the black combat units languishing in this country because 

overseas commanders "knew" they were ineffective, became an embarrassment. The 

deficient and unfit for combat, appeared wasteful as the need for more combat units asserted itself. 

Thus there began a number of changes in policy to lessen overt discrimination, changes that did not 

always find their way to implementation at the lower levels because of the continuing hold of 

prejudiced attitudes and stereotypes on the minds of individual commanders. 

The immediate effect of this renewed commitment to use all-black units in combat was commitment 

of elements of the Ninety-third Division in the Pacific and the Ninety-second Division in Italy. While 

these efforts produced mixed results reminiscent of World War I, events surrounding the Battle of the 

Bulge in the winter of 1944 produced an interesting experiment involving integration. A drastic 

shortage of infantry replacements led to a crash program to retrain surplus soldiers from service units. 

Lieutenant General John C. H. Lee persuaded General Dwight Eisenhower that black service troops 

should be given the opportunity to volunteer as infantry replacements to be utilized where needed 

without regard to race--a degree of integration that would be modified before implementation. In two 

months, 4,560 African-American soldiers had volunteered, some taking reductions in rank for the 

privilege. Eventually the army sent approximately fifty black platoons to be integrated into white 

companies and fight alongside white troops in France, Belgium, and Germany; commanders were 

almost universal in their praise of the results. Here was proof that the army's widespread fear of 

violence and disorder resulting from integration was unfounded. Significantly, opinion surveys 

conducted by the army's research branch indicated that the white soldiers who experienced this effort 

underwent a profound change in their attitudes toward black soldiers as individuals and comrades in 

arms, from mostly unfavorable to mostly favorable. 

By the end of World War II, other evidence had accumulated against the conventional wisdom of 

segregation. The navy, which began the war with the most restrictive policies, had moved toward the 

end of the war to a policy of integration. Overall the variety of opportunities for African-American 

military service during the war were far more extensive than in World War I, running the gamut from 

service units, combat units, and the first black military pilots, to opportunities for women. To a large 

degree this was the result of the unrelenting political pressure of the NAACP and other organizations, 

as well as the black press. It also resulted from the accumulating evidence of waste and discrimination 

produced by segregation, and the growing number of people who allowed their prejudices to be 

challenged by this evidence. In each of the services there emerged a small group of officers and 

civilians convinced that racial segregation was not only unfair to black servicemen but produced 

major inefficiencies in the utilization of manpower. Studies of World War II racial policy were 

that segregation would be replaced with integration.

Status Quo? 

It had been said that the military planned to fight the next warwith the strategy of the last one. Despite 

the continued attempts of reformers in the immediate post-World War II period, most influential 

officers and civilians in the defense establishment contented themselves with the racial status quo 

on the grounds of racial stereotypes rooted in the past, a belief that the majority of white servicemen 

would violently resist integration, and a conviction that the military had no role in social reform. Despite 

contrary experience during World War II, these were the same defenses of segregation given by 

General Marshall at the beginning of that war. In fact, through the use of enlistment quotas for blacks 

and the reimposition of rigid segregation policies in the immediate postwar years, there was a retreat 

from gains made at the end of the war. 

As civil rights became a major political issue in the postwar years leading up to the 1948 presidential 

election, military racial policies were too important to be left in the hands of military authorities. Military 

segregation, a campaign issue in the two previous presidential elections, had by 1948 become an 

important symbol of President Truman's resolve to use his executive authority to advance civil rights 

inthefaceof a recalcitrant, conservative Congress. In 1947, the President's Committee on Civil Rights 

was critical of segregation in general, found military segregation "particularly repugnant," and 

consciousness about racial segregation in a democratic society and the inherent contradiction in the 

doctrine of separate but equal. In an age of cold war, President Truman and others were acutely 

conscious of how racism and segregation tarnished the nation's image. "The top dog in a world which 

is over half colored ought to clean his own house," the president said. State Department officials 

estimated that about half of Soviet propaganda against the United States focused on racial 

End of Quota 

In a special message to Congress on civil rights in February 1948, President Truman noted that he 

had instructed the secretary of defense to eliminate military segregation. Military leaders resisted, and 

A. Philip Randolph threatened to lead civil disobedience resistance against implementation of the new 

draft law unless segregation was ended. Needing to cement the political support of black voters in the 

closely contested 1948 election and to proceed with meaningful action against military resistance, 

Truman issued Executive Order 9981 in July 1948, establishing the President's Committee on 

Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Forces. Chaired by former Solicitor General 

Charles H. Fahy and including two African-American members, John H. Sengstacke, publisher of the 

Chicago Defender, and Lester Granger, head of the National Urban League, the committee got 

underway in 1949 with a firm pledge of support from President Truman. The army resisted mightily 

with all of the arguments of the past. The navy presented a fine policy on paper, but indicated little 

willingness to make it a reality in practice. Only the air force, under the leadership of its secretary, 

Stuart Symington, moved enthusiastically to meet the goals of the president's order. 

There ensued months of bitter negotiations between the committee and the army, with the army's 

leadership intent upon wearing down or outmaneuvering the committee and forcing the administration 

to accept less than complete integration. The committee countered with documented arguments 

demonstrating that segregated military units wasted resources and prevented equal opportunity. 

When Truman remained steadfast in support of the committee, the army issued a new personnel 

policy in January 1950 stipulating that black soldiers would be utilized according to skills and would 

be "assigned to any unit without regard to race or color." When it became clear to the committee that 

the army intended to implement this policy slowly over a period of years, maintaining tight control of 

the number of black servicemen through the existing 10 percent quota on black enlistments, the 

committee insisted that the quota be eliminated. The president intervened personally with the 

secretary of the army to accomplish this. 

The end of the quota and the policy of assigning African-Americans on the basis of need and training 

were two key accomplishments of the committee that quickly spurred integration in the Korean War 

that began in June 1950. Without the quota, black enlistments quickly expanded beyond the capacity 

of remaining segregated units to absorb them, and first basic training facilities and then units under 

fire in Korea were integrated. Despite continued resistance and pleas to reinstate the quota,

integration proceeded by its own logical necessity without the dire consequences that had been 

predicted. A team of social scientists declared the results a success, and the Korean experience 

added to the pressure for the army to complete the process in the United States and Europe. By the 

end of the Korean War, 90 percent of the army's units were integrated. 

Although problems of discrimination and racial conflict would continue to plague the military for 

years to come, as in civilian society, the basic policies of integration and equal opportunity had been 

established. The role of African-Americans in the military, always symbolic of their status in the larger 

society, continued to reflect this congruence. The challenge continued to be to make policy practice, 

to make principles reality. The NAACP, comprehending from its founding the symbolic significance 

of military service for African-Americans, continued over the years to press for full participation and 

to protest discrimination. Its files are a rich source of individual case histories, as well as of a larger 

significant struggle against racial discrimination that would turn into a struggle against racial 

Richard M. Oalfiume 

Professor of History 

State University of New York 

at Binghamton 

Bibliography 

Arthur E. Barbeau and Florette Henri, The Unknown Soldiers: Black American Troops in World 

War I (1971). 

Ira Berlin, ed., Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861-1867, series II, The Black 

Military Experience (1982). 

Dudley T. Cornish, The Sable Army: Negro Troops in the Union Army, 1861-1865 (1966) 

Richard M. Dalfiume, Desegregation of the U.S. Armed Forces: Fighting on Two Fronts, 1939-1953 

(1969). 

Marvin Fletcher, The Black Soldier and Officer in the United States Army, 1891-1917(1974). 

Jack D. Foner, Blacks and the Military in American History (1974). 

William H. Leckie, The Buffalo Soldiers: A Narrative of the Negro Cavalry in the West (1967). 

Ulysses Lee, The United States Army in World War II, Special Studies: The Employment of Negro 

Troops (1966). 

Morris J. MacGregor and Bernard C. Nalty, eds., Blacks in the United States Armed Forces: 

Basic Documents, 13 vols. (1977). 

Bernard C. Nalty, Strength for the Fight: A History of Black Americans in the Military (1986). 

Benjamin Quarles, The Negro in the American Revolution (1961).

NOTE ON SOURCES 

All documents reproduced on this microfilm are held by the Manuscripts Division of the Library of 

Congress, Washington, D.C. The original NAACP collection is subdivided into three accession 

groups: Group 1, 1909-1939; Group II, 1940-1955, and Group III, 1956-1970. Each accession group 

has been further subdivided by Library of Congress archivists into series that generally reflect the 

organizational structure of the NAACP itself: General Office File, Legal Department File, Branch Files, 

etc. 

The files selected for Part 9C of this edition constitute Series G (Veterans Affairs Department) of 

Group II of the original NAACP collection, which is reproduced in its entirety. 

EDITORIAL NOTE 

The files used to compile this edition are drawn from Group II (1940-1955), Series G (Veterans 

Affairs Department) of the NAACP collection of the Library of Congress. All selections were made 

under the direction of Richard Dalfiume, John H. Bracey, Jr., and August Meier. Each file in Series 

G of Group II has been reproduced in its entirety for this publication.

SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE 

The Veterans Affairs Department was established in December of 1944 to handle the increasingly 

heavy load of inquiries made upon the NAACP by black servicemen and veterans and also to advance 

the NAACP objective of eliminating discrimination in the armed services based on race or color. Within 

a year, the department evolved into both a political lobby and an information agency for African- 

American veterans. It also undertook investigations of abusive and discriminatory conditions in army 

camps and served as a go-between for veterans and other departments of the NAACP, especially the 

National Legal Department. The department was directed by Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr., who served as 

NAACP secretary for veterans affairs from an office located in Washington, D.C. 

Dedmon was a graduate of Howard University Law School, class of 1932, and had risen to the rank 

of captain in the U .S. Army before being honorably discharged because of a physical disability in 1944. 

Before leaving the service he had served as a trial judge advocate at Camp Claiborne, Louisiana. His 

combined legal expertise and first-hand familiarity with military routine was put to use advising black 

veterans of their legal rights with regards to criminal procedure, petitions against dishonorable 

discharges, and claims for state and federal veterans benefits. 

An April 20,1945, memorandum--which can be found in the General Correspondence files further 

described below--details the responsibilities of the secretary of veterans affairs. The secretary was 

responsible for monitoring all legislation that could affect black veterans and for preparing written 

memoranda and briefs in support of or in opposition to specific pieces of legislation. He was also 

responsible for monitoring any executive or departmental orders, rulings, or regulations affecting 

black veterans. In his advisory role, the secretary provided written interpretations of veterans' 

legislation and policies, maintained a file on all veterans legislation, and informed both the national 

office and NAACP branches of legislative or administrative developments affecting veterans. The 

scope of veterans' interests that Dedmon monitored included federal activities in employment, 

housing, hospitalization, and education, as well as standard veterans' benefits such as pensions. He 

also kept a file on state laws affecting veterans. 

The secretary was charged with encouraging the NAACP branches to establish local veterans 

committees. The network of local committees would disseminate information from the secretary's 

office, solicit complaints from black veterans at the local level, and take action to protest injustice at 

local Veterans Administration (VA) offices. The local veterans committees also served as a 

membership recruitment and public relations arm of the NAACP within the black community in the late 

1940s. 

In addition to these routine functions, the secretary for veterans affairs was often detailed by the 

national office on special investigations of army camps suspected of tolerating racially discriminatory 

policies. 

The bulk of the collection pertains to Dedmon's work handling complaints that were forwarded to 

the Washington office by local NAACP veterans committees and individuals and their families. In 

addition, there are substantial files documenting Dedmon's camp investigations, his role in 

veterans' affairs. His relationship with the national office in New York is also well documented. At the 

national office, Assistant Secretary Roy Wilkins seems to have been charged with the responsibility 

of advising and consulting with the Veterans Affairs Department. As the specific file descriptions 

below often point out, many of the individual cases and issues covered in Dedmon's files continue in 

National Office files or Legal Department files, which are reproduced in Parts 9A and 9B, respectively, 

of this publication. Many researchers will want to use this publication in conjunction with those 

companion editions.

Branch Veterans Committees 

These files document Dedmon's interaction with local veterans committees that were set up under 

the auspices of NAACP branches. They contain many circular letters from the secretary of veterans 

affairs briefing local committees on developments in Washington affecting housing, education, 

employment, and other benefits. The correspondence typically advises local veterans committee 

leaders on the rights of black veterans and enlistees in their dealings with the VA, the U.S. 

Employment Service, and other government agencies. Of special interest are the lists and statistics 

contained in the first file. Included are state-by-state statistics on black inductions and enlistments, 

and a list of all local veterans committees and their leaders. 

Camp Investigations 

This series is arranged alphabetically by name of military bases. It contains incoming complaints 

from servicemen, their local lawyers, or relatives describing discriminatory policies or instances of 

race hatred on scores of bases throughout the United States during and immediately after World War 

II. Several files contain reports drafted by the War Department of its own investigation of the complaint. 

The Reports file in the series contains reports by Dedmon and other NAACP officers on personal 

investigations they made of numerous camps. Most files document Dedmon's follow-up on the 

complaints, including correspondence with the complainant, with the War Department, and with the 

NAACP national office. Many of the cases are referred to the Legal Department for further 

development. Researchers should consult the files in Part 9, Series B, Legal Files. There are also 

extensive files on camp investigations in Part 9, Series A, General Office Files. 

Courts-martial 

The courts-martial files document Dedmon's role in screening cases for reference to the national 

legal staff. With this file, it is almost always essential to work in conjunction with the Courts-martial 

series of Part 9, Series B, Legal Files of the microfilm edition. Many of the cases that were first reported 

to Dedmon were taken up by the Legal Department. This series is arranged alphabetically by last 

name of the defendant. The files typically include the initial petition of the def endent to the association 

with Dedmon's reply as to whether or not the case presents evidence of racial discrimination, on which 

grounds alone, the association will consider joining in. Several of the files also contain copies of legal 

documents from the trial or appellate level and even transcripts of proceedings that are not filed in the 

main case file in the Legal Office File. Many of the courts-martial pertain to racially provoked incidents 

such as failure to obey commanding officers, mutinies, race riots, and interracial murders. 

Discharge Reviews 

This file is arranged alphabetically by name of petitioner. It consists of applications for NAACP 

counsel in appealing dishonorable discharges before the various Discharge Review Boards of the 

armed services. Documentation in most of the cases is usually slender, but many cases include 

summaries of reasons for the dishonorable discharges. Few of the appeals seem to have been 

successful. A similar group of legal material documenting the NAACP's representation of black 

veterans at Discharge Reviews can be found in Part 9 Series B, Legal Files. 

Employment 

This file contains replies to an NAACP questionnaire about the employment of blacks in local VA 

facilities. 

General Correspondence 

The first folder of documents in this series antedates the tenure of Dedmon. It consists of the 

correspondence of NAACP administrative assistants Leslie Perry and Franklin D. Reeves from the 

office of the Washington, D.C. branch where the two assisted on servicemen's and veteran's affairs 

during the war. The pre-Dedmon materials also include a 1944 report by NAACP Executive Secretary 

Walter White on a personal tour throughout the European war theater, including recommendations 

for defusing racial tensions among American troops in Europe. There is also correspondence 

regarding the racial policies of Oveta Culp Hobby, commander of the Women's Army Corps (WAC).

Dedmon's correspondence documents his regular contacts with the War Department, the VA, the 

U.S. Employment Service and otherfederal agencies, as well as with the NAACP national office. The 

correspondence covers an enormous range of issues, which can be gleaned by a survey of the Reel 

Index for Reels 7 and 8 in this guide. A few of the more common issues would include: segregationist 

military policies, camp investigations, race riots, segregated veterans hospitals, and other 

G.I. Benefits 

This file consists mostly of inquiries from black veterans as to whetherthey qualify for various federal 

benefits, including loans for education, farms, small businesses, and housing, as well as job training 

or preferential job treatment. The secretary for veterans affairs provides advice and referrals to the 

correspondents. 

Loyalty Cases 

These two files document two cases in which the Veterans Affairs Department took an interest. Both 

cases stem from alleged infractions of federal loyalty-security legislation in the late 1940s. The files 

include transcripts of administrative hearings. 

Miscellany 

Among the highlights of the varied material in this series are confidential weekly intelligence reports 

estimating subversive activities in the military. These were apparently compiled by the Military 

Intelligence Division of the War Department, and copies were forwarded to the NAACP by someone 

with a security clearance. (The name of the transmitter has been cut away from the originals.) 

Pension and Disability Claims 

This series contains correspondence with individuals regarding pension and disability claims. The 

secretary advises as to the merits of the claims and makes referrals when appropriate, sometimes 

writing the VA directly on behalf of the correspondent. Some of the correspondence includes personal 

detail of tours of duty. 

Reports 

This file contains an almost complete run of monthly reports by the secretary of veterans affairs for 

1947. The reports give an excellent overview of the range of the secretary's activities, including 

meeting with congressmen and federal officials, tending to the informational needs of his black 

constituents, monitoring political developments in the capital, and assisting in major litigation. In 

addition, the file contains a copy of the testimony of Dedmon and William H. Hastie before the 

President's Committee on Universal Military Training and also a few reports on base investigations. 

Soldier Complaints 

This series contains a large amount of correspondence from individual servicemen, their families, 

and attorneys complaining about racial discrimination on a wide range of matters. Few of the cases 

involved criminal charges or acts of violence. Instead, the largest percentage involves discriminatory 

policies or incidents that the NAACP had few legal grounds to contest until 1947 when President 

Truman issued an executive order barring racial discrimination in the armed services. Failing legal 

authority, the NAACP was left with the duty to protest the incidents on moral and other non-legal 

grounds. The issues include delays in demobilizing black soldiers from war theaters, discrimination 

at United Service Organization recreational facilities, discrimination in job assignments, inferior 

living accommodations for black soldiers, discrimination against interracial couples by immigration 

authorities and other forms of discrimination against interracial couples arid war brides, and 

discrimination in officer's training selections and in medical treatment. There are a few scattered 

cases of a serious legal nature, and these can be ascertained through the subject listings in the Reel 

Index for Reels 10 through 12.

Speeches 

This series, which is arranged alphabetically by state, contains correspondence arranging 

speaking engagements for Dedmon. Copies of numerous speeches are also included. 

State Veterans' Laws 

This file contains a valuable digest of state laws that provide veterans benefits. The digest is 

arranged alphabetically by state. 

Universal Military Training 

This file contains correspondence and several instances of testimony by NAACP officers regarding 

the proposal for universal military training in the late 1940s. More material on the NAACP position on 

universal military training can be found in Part 9, Series A, General Office Files. 

Veterans Administration 

This series divides into two files. The first documents discriminatory hiring practices by the VA 

bureaucracy. The second and more substantial file contains complaints regarding discriminatory 

staffing of VA hospitals and other discrimination policies practiced at VA hospitals. The hospitals' file 

is arranged alphabetically by city. VA hospitals are another subject that is more fully covered in 

Part 9, Series A, General Office Files.

ABBREVIATIONS 

The following abbreviations are used frequently in this guide and are listed here for the convenience 

of the researcher. 

AWOL Absent Without Official Leave 

NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 

OCS Officer Candidate School 

VA Veterans Administration 

WAC Women's Army Corps

REEL INDEX 

The four-digit frame number on the left side of the page indicates where a specific file folder begins. File folders 

typically contain a chronological series of documents. This index denotes the major topics and principal 

correspondents within each folder. 

Reel 1 

Group II, Series G, Veterans Affairs Files 


Branch Veterans Committees 

0001 By States "A"-"G." 1945-1948. 197pp. 

Major Topics: State by-state statistics on Negro inductions and enlistments; 

committees; proposed branch investigations of report by Southern Regional Council on 

community services to veterans; medical discharge of Negro soldiers. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Gtoster B. Current. 

0198 By States T-"W." 1945-1948. 136pp. 

Major Topics: Appointment of NAACP branch veterans' committee chairmen; proposed 

branch investigations of report by Southern Regional Council on community services 

to veterans; purchase by Caucasian civilians in Mississippi of Negro veterans' terminal 

leave bonds for less than face value; Negro applications for terminal leave pay. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry. 

Camp Investigations 

0334 "A." 1945-1946. 15pp. 

Major Topics: Assault on Negro prisoners in stockade at Aberdeen Proving Ground, 

Aberdeen, Maryland; segregation in entertainment facilities at Amarillo Army Air Field, 

Amarilto, Texas. 

Principal Correspondents: Robert P. Patterson; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Howard C. 

Peterson; Truman K. Gibson, Jr. 

0349 "B." 1943-1949. 87pp. 

Major Topics: Segregation in demobilization of Negro soldiers at Fort Benning, 

Georgia; allegations of racial discrimination by commanding officer of Fort Benning; 

special training of uneducated Negroes in combat teams; discharge of Negro soldiers 

for mental instability at Aberdeen Proving Ground; civilian police brutality against 

Negro soldiers; segregation in church services at Fort Bragg, North Carolina; 

Caucasian civilian command of Negro troops in Fort Bragg; conspiracy to demote 

Negro officers at Camp Breckenridge, Kentucky; segregation in civilian transportation 

for Negro troops; commander's refusal to release Negro soldier appointed to OCS; 

stockade conditions at Camp Butner, North Carolina. 

Principal Correspondents: John J. McCloy; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Gtoster B. Current; 

Walter White; Leslie S. Perry; Franklin H. Williams.

0436 "C." 1943-1945. 63pp. 

Major Topics: Race riot and mutiny at Camp Claiborne, Louisiana; court-martial of 

Negro sergeant for failing to halt race riot; discrimination in military transportation of 

Negro WACs; sexual harassment of Negro WACs by Caucasians at Fort Clark, Texas; 

discrimination in service at post exchange at Fort Clark; discrimination at Columbia Air 

Force Base, Columbia, South Carolina. 

Principal Correspondents: John J. McCloy; Charles H. Houston; Thurgood Marshall; 

Henry L. Stimson; Walter White; Leslie S. Perry; Edward R. Dudley; Truman K. 

Gibson, Jr.; Frank D. Reeves. 

0499 Case Records. 1946-1947. 24pp. 

Major Topics: Records of the correspondence and legal action taken by NAACP on 

various military discrimination cases. 

0523 "D." 1944-1945. 153pp. 

Major Topics: Segregation in entertainment facilities, housing, and medical service at 

Delhart Air Base, Delhart, Texas; deactivation of Negro WAC band at Fort Des Moines; 

employment of Negro veterans; Negro applications to OCS; Negro applications to 

specialist training at Fort Dix, New Jersey; assignment discrimination against Negro 

noncommissioned officer at Fort Dix. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Walter White; Leslie S. Perry; 

Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; James C. Evans. 

0676 "E"-"F." 1942-1948. 31 pp. 

Major Topics: U.S. Army investigation into medical discharge of Negro soldiers; 

assault of Negro soldier by Caucasian officer at Camp Forrest, Tennessee; sexual 

harassment of Negro WACs by Caucasian paratroopers at Camp Forrest. 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; Norman T. Kirk; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; 

Thurgood Marshall; Walter White; John J. McCloy; Henry L. Stimson. 

0707 Fort Lewis. 1945-1946. 50pp. 

Major Topics: Redeployment of Negro units from European theater to Pacific theater; 

segregation in mess service at Fort Lewis, Washington. 

Principal Correspondents: Howard C. Peterson; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Jesse O. 

Dedmon, Jr. 

0757 Freeman Field. 1944-1945. 173pp. 

Major Topics: Discrimination in assignment of Negro officer; segregation of Negro 

officers from officers' club; report of investigation on conditions at Freeman Field, 

Indiana, including conclusion that commanding officers had broken regulations 

from Freeman Field to Godman Field at Fort Knox, Kentucky; results of courts-martial 

against Negro officers in connection with officers' club incident. 

Principal Correspondents: Waller White; Henry L. Stimson; Leslie S. Perry; Jesse O. 

Dedmon, Jr.; Robert P. Patterson; Howard C. Peterson; Truman K. Gibson, Jr. 


Camp Investigations cont. 

0930 "G"-"H." 1944-1947. 45pp. 

Major Topics: Discrimination in housing and mess service at Hamilton Field, California; 

arrest of Negro seamen for fraternization with Caucasian women in Hastings, 

Nebraska; segregation in entertainment facilities at Hendricks Field, Sebring, Florida 

and Herrington Army Base, Kansas; assignment of Negro specialists to labor detail; 

military police brutality against Negro soldiers at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. 

Principal Correspondents: Norman T. Kirk; Lois Triffin; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; 

Thurgood Marshall; Robert L. Carter; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.

0975 "K." 1943-1946. 33pp. 

Major Topics: Segregation in entertainment and church facilities at Camp Kearns, 

Salt Lake City, Utah; investigation of segregation at Fort Knox, Kentucky. 

Principal Correspondents: Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Madison S. Jones, Jr.; Grant 

Reynolds; Max F. Schneider. 

1008 1." 1942-1947. 86pp. 

Major Topics: Segregation at rest camp in Lake Placid, New York; treatment of 

soldiers' civilian clothing; race riot at Fort Lawton, Seattle, Washington; War 

Negro soldiers for mental disposition without signatures of physicians; War 

Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Edward R. 

Dudley; Leslie S. Perry; Arthur Spingarn; James C. Evans; Norman T. Kirk; B. M. 

Bryan; Howard C. Peterson; Daniel Byrd. 

1094 "M." 1943-1947. 71pp. 

Major Topics: Slaying of Negro marines by civilian police in McAlester, Oklahoma; 

transportation and hospital segregation at MacDill Field, Florida; War Department 

investigation of racial violence at MacDill Field; discrimination in specialty training of 

Negro soldiers at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. 

Principal Corresondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Mary Rose Hardin; Franklin H. 

Williams; Leslie S. Perry; Gloster B. Current; James C. Evans; Howard C. Peterson. 

1165 "N--"P." 1944-1946. 83pp. 

Major Topics: Housing segregation in New York City; Navy Department investigation 

of racial incident at Naval Operational Development Center; segregation in mess 

service and entertainment at Norfolk Receiving Station in Virginia; Navy Department 

investigation of racial incident at Camp Peary, Virginia; segregation of recuperating 

Negro soldiers from military hospital in Plattsburg, New York; civilian police brutality 

against Negro soldiers at Camp Polk, Louisiana. 

Principal Correspondents: Milton R. Konvitz; Leslie S. Perry; T. L. Sprague; Franklin H. 

Williams; James V. Forrestal; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Thurgood Marshall; Truman K. 

Gibson, Jr. 

Reel 2 



Camp Investigations cont. 

0001 Overseas (Europe). 1945-1948. 42pp. 

Major Topics: Segregation at hospital in Marseilles, France; assignment of Negro 

soldiers to OCS and subsequent denial due to race; discrimination in courts-martial 

sentencing, 92nd Regiment; cartoon depiction of Negro soldiers in Italy. 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; Thurgood Marshall; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; 

James C. Evans; Carolyn Davenport Moore. 

0043 Overseas (Pacific). 1945-1948. 54pp. 

Major Topics: Discrimination against native wives of Negro soldiers in Panama; 

disarming, assault, and courts-martial of Negro soldiers on Luzon Island; military police 

slaying of Negro soldiers in Philippines; assignment discrimination against Negroes in 

American Graves Registration Service. 

Principal Correspondents: Franklin H. Williams; James C. Evans; Thurgood Marshall; 

Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.

0097 "R"-"S." 1942-1946. 149pp. 

Major Topics: Attempted lynching of Negro soldier at Robbins Field, Georgia; delays in 

discharge of Negro soldiers; alleged rape of Caucasian woman by Negro soldiers at 

Camp Joseph T. Robinson, Arkansas; civilian discrimination enforced by military 

authorities at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan; discrimination in housing of Negro officers at 

Selfridge Field, Michigan; transportation segregation and race riot at Camp Shenango, 

Pennsylvania; military police brutality against Negro soldiers; deployment of soldiers 

physically disqualified for overseas duty as ammunition loaders at Sierra Ordinance 

Depot, California; hospital discrimination against Negro WACs and soldiers; shooting 

of Negro prisoner at Camp Stewart, Georgia. 

Principal Correspondents: Grant Reynolds; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry; 

Gloster B. Current; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Thurgood Marshall; Ella J. Baker; Walter 

White. 

0246 Reports. 1944-1945. 136pp. 

Major Topics: Lists of recommendations for proposed NAACP investigation of U.S. 

Army camps; report by Baltimore NAACP on Camp Meade and Camp Holabird; 

schedule of Jesse Dedmon of military facilities to visit on behalf of NAACP; report by 

Jesse Dedmon on Forts Dix, Monmouth, Bragg, and Benning, Camps Gordon 

Johnston, Plauche, Livingston, and Claiborne, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Pope Field, 

Dale Mabry Field, MacDill Field, Tuskegee Army Air Field, New Orleans Port of 

Embarkation, and Transportation Corps of the OCS; mutiny following demotion of 

Negro noncommissioned officer in Virgin Island forces. 

Principal Correspondents: Walter White; Leslie S. Perry; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; 

Truman K. Gibson, Jr. 

0382 Surveys. 1945. 56pp. 

Major Topics: Answers to recommended questions for proposed NAACP investigation 

of U.S. Army camps for Aberdeen Proving Ground, Fort Benning, Fort Bragg, Dale 

Mabry Field, Fort Dix, Camp Gordon, MacDill Field, Fort Monmouth, Camp Plauche, 

Camp Livingston, and Tuskegee Army Air Field. 

0438 "T"-"Z." 1943-1947. 85pp. 

Major Topics: Segregated conditions at Tyndall Field, Florida, including discrimination 

in assignments; military police brutality, unsolved murders, and failure to promote 

Negro officers at Camp Van Dorn, Mississippi; War Department investigation of Valley 

Forge General Hospital treatment of Negro soldiers; military refusal to commission 

Negro psychologists or neuropsychiatrists despite need; War Department investigation 

of post exchange discrimination at Walla Walla Army Air Field; discrimination in 

assignments against Negroes at Camp Wheeler, Georgia; restricted War Department 

memorandum on critically needed specialists. 

Principal Correspondents: Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Theodore 

Spaulding; Norman T. Kirk; Franklin H. Williams; Kenneth C. Royal; Leslie S. Perry; 

Edward R. Dudley; Robert P. Patterson; Henry L. Stimson; J. A. Ulio. 



0523 "A." 1945-1948. 41pp. 

Major Topics: Alleged murder of German woman by Negro soldier; NAACP defense of 

Negro seaman previously convicted in mass mutiny trial at U.S. Naval Training and 

Distribution Center. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; William P. Connally, Jr.; Franklin H. 

Williams.

0564 "B." 1945-1948. 73pp. 

Major Topics: Dishonorable discharge of Negro soldiers and marines; court-martial of 

Negro soldier for striking superior officer; enlistment quotas for Negroes; parole for 

Negro soldier convicted of attempted rape in Germany; court-martial of Negro for rape; 

affidavit of assistant club director in Special Services establishing alibi for Negro 

soldier accused of rape. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Franklin H. Williams; Gloster B. 

Current; Edward R. Dudley; Leslie S. Perry. 

0637 "C." 1943-1948. 56pp. 

Major Topics: Discovered altering of court-martial records to uphold conviction of 

Negro soldier for rape of German woman; court-martial of Negro guard for killing 

Caucasian soldier in line of duty and subsequent demotion of Negro soldiers who 

testified for his defense. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Franklin H. Williams; Milton R. 

Konvitz; Thurgood Marshall. 


Major Topic: Records of the correspondence and legal action taken by NAACP on 

various court-martial cases. 

0711 "D." 1945-1946. 22pp. 

Major Topics: Relocation of possible defense witnesses in race riot courts-martial of 

Negro soldiers in Japan; affidavits in defense of Negro convicted of rioting. 

Principal Correspondents: Franklin H. Williams; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr. 

0733 "E." 1945-1947. 9pp. 

Major Topic: Review of cases by military review board in Washington, D.C. 


0742 "F." 1946-1947. 9pp. 

Major Topic: War Department investigation of assault conviction. 

Principal Corresondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Edward F. Witsell. 

0751 Figg, Richard. 1947. 104pp. 

Major Topics: Record of court-martial of Richard Figg at Leghorn, Italy, for 

foreign soldier; Cincinnati NAACP branch securing of employment for prisoner as part 

of parole application. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Lester P. Bailey; Frank D. Reeves. 

0855 Fisher, Frank and Loury [Lowry], Edward R. 1943-1945. 62pp. 

Major Topics: Recommendation against clemency for convicted rapists, despite 

evidence of innocence, due to possible adverse public reaction; discrepancies in 

testimony of prosecution witnesses; appeal for clemency made for defendants by 

William H. Hastie and Vito Marcantonio; reductions in defendants' sentences. 

Principal Correspondents: Robert P. Patterson; Leslie S. Perry; J. A. Ulio. 

0917 Futrell, Curtis, and Pace. 1944-1945. 325pp. 

Major Topic: Record of court-martial of Negro WAC officers for allowing men in 

women's barracks, associating with enlisted men, participating in sexual intercourse 

with men not their husbands, and drinking intoxicating liquor.

Reel 3 



Courts-martial cont. 

0001 "G." 1945-1948. 73pp. 

Major Topics: Dishonorable discharge and sentence to hard labor for travelling AWOL 

to see family doctor; record of court-martial for attempted rape and attempted murder; 

court-martial of man declared insane before induction. 

Principal Correspondent: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr. 

0074 Glen, John. 1947-1948.102pp. 

Major Topics: Record of court-martial for theft of flannel shirts intended for military use; 

War Department denial of habeas corpus, appeal for clemency. 

Principal Correspondent: V. Homer Drissel. 

0176 "H." 1945-1948. 48pp. 

Major Topics: Reduction of eighteen-year sentence to four years for disrespect and 

willfully disobeying superior officer; conviction for committing riot at Fort Lawton, 

Washington; reduction of twenty-year sentence to ten for assault with intent to rape; 

dishonorable discharge of Negro soldier for going AWOL to father's funeral and for 

writing on navy camp conditions. 

Principal Correspondents: Edward F. Witsell; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry; 

Franklin H. Williams. 

0224 Hudgins, Claude L. 1944-1945.122pp. 

Major Topics: Record of general court-martial for escape from penitentiary and theft 

of car; review of trial record and NAACP investigation into claim that defendant feared 

brutality from prison guard; account of medical discrimination and military police 

brutality in Maxwell Field guard house. 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; J. A. Ulio. 

0346 "J." 1945-1947. 35pp. 

Major Topics: Denial of pay allotment to family of Negro soldier; twenty-year sentence 

for Negro AWOL in attempt to reach family; dishonorable discharges of Negro seamen 

for bad conduct. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Franklin H. Williams. 



0381 Johnson, Benjamin J. (folder 1). 1947-1948. 254pp. 

Major Topics: Appeal to change discharge from dishonorable to honorable and for 

reinstatement with commission; accusations against defendant for allowing post 

exchange workers to overcharge and sell black market goods; request from 

defendant's senator for review of discharge; appellant's brief to judge advocate 

general for review; record of general court-martial for misrepresenting unit strength on 

post exchange order forms and failing to properly account for money belonging to 

Army Exchange Service. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Franklin H. Williams; Edward F. 

Witsell; Homer Ferguson. 

0635 Johnson, Benjamin J. (folder 2). 1947-1948. 266pp. 

Major Topic: Record of general court-martial for misrepresenting unit strength on post 

exchange order forms and failing to properly account for money belonging to Army 

Exchange Service.

0901 "K." 1945-1948. 15pp. 

Major Topics: Review of dishonorable discharge pursuant to sentence of general courtmartial; 

discussion between legal defense office and veterans' affairs office over 

responsibility for case. 


0916 "L." 1945-1948. 77pp. 

Major Topics: Appeal for clemency from rape conviction; negative results of blood 

comparison test between defendant and child resulting from rape; record of general 

court-martial for rape in Berkshire, England. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.; Edward F. 

Witsell. 

0993 "M." 1945-1948. 56pp. 

Major Topics: Application to rejoin service despite court-martial for rape; War 

duty with Negro troops; court-martial of Negro truck driver for automobile accident and 

conflict with Caucasian civilian. 

Principal Correspondents: Noah W. Griffin; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Franklin H. Williams. 

1049 McBurrows, George. 1947. 76pp. 

Major Topics: Petition for clemency or review of sentence from previous conviction for 

willfully disobeying orders; submission of birth certificate proving defendant under age 

of majority when enlisted; record of general court-martial for disobeying orders and 

account of previous convictions; pretrial investigating officer's report. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Harold D. Snell. 

1125 "N"-"P." 1944-1946. 70pp. 

Major Topics: Wrongful induction of ordained minister and conscientious objector; 

court-martial of minister for going AWOL from ship to baptize children in hometown; 

parole application from sentence for attempted rape; ten-year sentence for Negro 

soldier convicted of unlawful entry with intent to invade privacy; appeal of court-martial 

for AWOL, appearance in civilian clothing, and theft. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Franklin H. Williams; O. E. Stone; 

Winstow H. Osborne; Robert P. Evans; Leslie S. Perry; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Grant 

Reynolds; Thurgood Marshall. 

1195 Pete, Louis [Jr.]. 1944-1949. 77pp. 

Major Topics: Twenty-five-year sentence for willfully disobeying lawful command; 

denial of job application due to dishonorable discharge; sworn statements of good 

character on behalf of defendant; record of general court-martial for disobeying lawful 

command. 

Principal Correspondents: Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; J. A. Ulio; Helen Gahagan Douglas; 

Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Elmer Thomas. 

Reel 4 




0001 "R." 1944-1948. 58pp. 

Major Topics: Attempt to secure parole after civil larceny conviction; complete reversal 

of conviction, except for dishonorable discharge, after sentence of forty years by courtmartial 

for disobeying lawful command and for threatening to strike subordinate; record 

of court-martial for willfully disobeying lawful command; attempt to reverse judgement 

of dishonorable discharge. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Robert L. Carter; Leslie S. Perry; 

Edward R. Dudley; Gloster B. Current; Grant Reynolds.

0059 Reed, Samuel. 1942-1943. 82pp. 

Major Topics: Demotion of Negro noncommissioned officers in retaliation for protesting 

segregation and assignment discrimination at Camp Lee, Virginia; War Department 

memorandum ordering obedience to local segregation laws in Virginia; copy of 

correspondence detailing incidents of discrimination at Camp Lee; NAACP request for 

investigation into demotion of Samuel Reed; plea by Beatrice Reed for NAACP to drop 

investigation request. 

Principal Correspondents: Roy Wilkins; Walter White; Henry L. Stimson; Prentice 

Thomas; James E. Edmonds; Leslie S. Perry. 

0141 Richardson, Clarence. 1943-1945. 93pp. 

Major Topics: Extract from record of court-martial for threatening a superior officer and 

for riotous conduct; pretrial investigating officer's report; appeal for clemency from 

twenty-five-year sentence for participating in racial disturbance. 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; Deton J. Brooks, Jr.; Henry L. Stimson; J. A. 

Ulio. 

0234 Rogers, Will. 1943-1946. 41pp. 

Major Topics: Record of general court-martial for not fully obeying lawful order; appeal 

for military review of six-year sentence. 


0275 "S." 1943-1948. 90pp. 

Major Topics: Convictions for murder, manslaughter, inciting mutiny, assault, rape, and 

committing riot; appeal for clemency and discharge based on enlistment under the age 

of majority; clemency denial from War Department despite minority age of defendant; 

commutation of death sentence for murder to life imprisonment; conviction of Negro 

soldiers for riot at MacDill Field; refusal of MacDill Field to allow prisoner to reply to 

letter from assistant secretary of war; discrimination in sentencing and discharges for 

Negro soldiers convicted of rape. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Marian Wynn Perry; Edward F. 

Witsell; Leslie S. Perry; R. E. Kunkel; J. A. Ulio; Franklin H. Williams; Truman K. 

Gibson, Jr.; Milton R. Konvitz. 

0365 Scott, James. 1946-1947. 45pp. 

Major Topics: Affidavit sworn by defendant on failure of court-martial to inform him of 

his right to testify and on previous honorable discharge from armed forces; record of 

general court-martial for failing to obey lawful command and attempting to escape 

stockade. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Charles D. Carte. 

0410 Shellman, Isaac. 1943. 40pp. 

Major Topic: Photostatic copy of court-martial records for assault and sentence for one 

year. 

0450 Spear, Ben. 1943. 39pp. 

Major Topics: NAACP actions in defense of six Negro soldiers convicted of rape; arrest 

of complaining witness and her husband; acquittal of one defendant; appeal to 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; Thurgood Marshall; Milton R. Konvitz; 


0489 Starks, Homer L. 1944. 25pp. 

Major Topics: NAACP decision not to take up Homer Starks' mutiny case; national 

office request to Detroit NAACP branch for information on Greenville Army Air Base 

mutiny. 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; Gloster B. Current.

0514 "T"-"U." 1943-1948. 59pp. 

Major Topics: NAACP decision not to pursue court-martial conviction for sedition; 

report of psychiatrist that defendant in question was at times not reponsible for his 

actions due to fatigue; court-martial of Negro soldier for disobeying order to desist in 

attempting to retrieve stolen money; national office requests for court-martial records. 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; Edward R. Dudley; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr. 

0573 Thomas, Cornelius. 1944-1945.18pp. 

Major Topics: Sentence of death for Negro soldier convicted of murder; NAACP 

decision not to pursue case. 

Principal Correspondents: Lois Triffin; Leslie S. Perry. 

0591 "W"-"Y." 1942-1948. 94pp. 

Major Topics: Courts-martial for assault with a deadly weapon, absence without leave, 

mutiny, rape, and murder; court-martial for attempted rape despite finding of mental 

insufficiency; lynching of Negro soldier by Caucasian military police after accusation of 

rape; acquittal of Negro soldier on rape charges; demotion of Negro military policeman 

despite acquittal on assault charges. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Edward F. Witsell; Leslie S. Perry; 

Edward R. Dudley; Thurgood Marshall; Truman K. Gibson, Jr. 

0685 Ware, Oscar. 1944-1948. 116pp. 

Major Topics: Record of court-martial for attempted murder; release of defendant from 

confinement. 


0801 Whitlock, Eugene. 1944-1948. 93pp. 

Major Topics: Refusal of board of correction of military records to review a case of 

dishonorable discharge; letters of character recommendation for defendant; record 

of trial by general court-martial for involuntary manslaughter. 


0894 Willis, Orlean. 1943-1944. 24pp. 

Major Topics: Court-martial for insubordination and threat of violence against superior 

officer; physical assault against Negro soldier by superior officer; proposed NAACP 

campaign for court-martial of superior officer for assault; NAACP chapter request for 

War Department investigation of superior officer. 

Principal Correspondents:Thurgood Marshall; Milton R. Konvitz; Leslie S. Perry; 

Julian D. Steele; Henry L. Stimson. 


Discharge Reviews 

0918 "A." 1945-1950. 54pp. 

Major Topics: Unfavorable reviews of discharges; nature of Section VIM discharges 

given to Negro soldiers; proposed NAACP representation at discharge review 

hearings. 

Principal Correspondents: Franklin H. Williams; Charles D. Carle; Jesse O. Dedmon, 

Jr.; Edward F. Witsell. 

0972 Adams, Bernard. 1947-1948. 17pp. 

Major Topics: Refusal of review board to hear discharge case; letters of character 

recommendation for defendant. 

Principal Correspondents: Charles D. Carle; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.

0989 "B." 1945-1950. 191pp. 

Major Topics: NAACP representation at discharge review hearings; record of 

defendant's case before Army Board of Correction of Military Records on demotion 

without court-martial review; decisions to award honorable discharge subsequent to 

NAACP representation; change of dishonorable discharge to bad conduct discharge 

after representation by NAACP; undesirable discharges given for failure to reveal 

criminal record upon enlistment; application for retrial of assault case based on 

testimony at previous trial; discharge of admitted homosexual not accused of sodomy; 

blue discharges given to Negro soldiers under Section VIII, mental insufficiency. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; John L. Cronkrite; Charles D. Carle; 

E. C. Gault; Jack Greenberg; Catherine M. Overton; Franklin H. Williams; Eugene R. 

Ekblad; Clarence Mitchell. 

1180 Benson, Ernest. 1944-1949. 23pp. 

Major Topics: Discharge of Negro soldier under Section VIM despite physical nature of 

illness; affidavit of appellant on circumstances of original discharge; affidavits in 

support of appellant's character. 

Principal Correspondent: Franklin H. Williams. 

1203 "C." 1943-1950. 114pp. 

Major Topics: Blue discharges given to Negro soldiers for mental insufficiency or 

homosexuality; discharge of Negro soldier under honorable conditions rather than with 

honorable discharge due to efficiency evaluations by Caucasian superior officers; 

assignment to heavy labor and dishonorable discharge of Negro soldier despite 

medical examiner's recommendation against labor assignment; discharge of Negro 

seaman as undesirable due to protests against military segregation. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Charles D. Carte; Franklin H. 

Williams; Paul Cassard; Edward F. Witsell. 

1317 Calhoun, Nimrod. 1943-1946. 48pp. 

Major Topics: Assignment of Negro chaplain to locations without room for promotion; 

discrimination in medical treatment of Negro chaplain; Negro application for pension 

despite voluntary withdrawal from service; letters of character recommendation in 

support of pension application; appeal from earlier review board decision on discharge. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Henry L. Stimson; Edward F. Witsell. 

Reel 5 



Discharge Reviews cont. 

0001 Case Notes. 1947-1949. 19pp. 

Major Topics: Administrative regulations and procedures governing the Board for the 

Correction of Naval Records; handwritten notes on discharge review cases. 



Major Topics: Appeal of discharge from Coast Guard; typed notes on discharge review 

cases; numbered office records on discharge review cases.

0198 Cassius, Samuel R. 1943-1946. 47pp. 

Major Topics: Undesirability discharge of Negro seaman for expressing dissatisfaction 

with navy racial policies; civilian and military history of appellant; NAACP 

conditions. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Franklin H. Williams; Thurgood 

Marshall; Hugh De Lacy; Leslie S. Perry; John B. Sullivan. 

0245 Cooper, Lajoie. 1946-1949. 32pp. 

Major Topics: Copies of orders promoting defendant to sergeant; verdict of special 

court-martial for disrespectful behavior; requests for clemency on behalf of defendant; 

brief for applicant to the Army Board on Correction of Military Records. 

Principal Correspondent: John L. Cronkrite. 

0277 "D." 1945-1950. 54pp. 

Major Topics: Court-martial of Negro soldier for disobeying orders in order to seek 

medical aid; court-martial of conscientious objector; review board decision to grant 

discharge under honorable conditions after NAACP representation; NAACP handling 

of blue discharges; dishonorable discharge of Negro soldier after false arrest by 

civilian policemen. 

Principal Correspondents: Franklin H. Williams; Charles D. Carle; Gloster B. Current; 

Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Paul Cassard; Jack Greenberg. 

0331 "E." 1945-1949. 38pp. 

Major Topics: Blue discharges given to Negro soldiers; review board decisions to 

grant honorable discharges in several NAACP-represented cases. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Franklin H. 

Williams. 

0369 "F." 1945-1950. 58pp. 

Major Topics: Failure of ex-servicemen to appear for their own cases; undesirable 

discharge of Negro seaman for protests made against military segregation; discharge 

of Negro marine under honorable conditions rather than with an honorable discharge; 

blue discharges given to Negro servicemen. 

Principal Correspondents: Franklin H. Williams; Ray J. Francisco; Edward R Witsell; 

A. M. Howard; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Charles D. Carle. 



0427 "G." 1945-1950. 105pp. 

Major Topics: Blue discharge of Negro soldier for repeatedly disobeying superior 

officers, fighting, and going AWOL; denial of unemployment compensation to Negro 

man given yellow discharge for bad conduct; blue discharge of Negro officer as 

retaliation for protests against military segregation; general discharge of Negro soldier 

for contraction of venereal disease; discharge of Negro marine under honorable 

conditions rather than with an honorable discharge; Negro applications for hardship 

discharge. 

Principal Correspondents: Charles D. Carle; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Franklin H. 

Williams. 

0532 Griffin, Lawrence J., Jr. 1946-1948. 19pp. 

Major Topics: Bad conduct discharge of Negro seaman for carrying concealed 

weapon; review board decision to uphold original discharge. 

Principal Correspondents: Franklin H. Williams; Paul Cassard. 

0551 Griffin, William H. 1943-1949. 15pp. 

Major Topics: Review board decision to uphold original discharge; U.S. Savings Bonds 

withheld due to funds owed government from court-martial. 

Principal Correspondent: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.

0566 "H." 1945-1950. 127pp. 

Major Topics: Review board decision to change undesirable discharge to discharge 

under honorable conditions; bad conduct discharge of Negro seabee previously 

represented by NAACP; reconsideration of unfitness discharges of nineteen Negro 

seabees by U.S. Naval Board of Review; brief of amicus curias filed by American Civil 

Liberties Union on behalf of Negro seabees; undesirable discharge of Negro seaman 

for protesting military discrimination and review board decision to change discharge to 

under honorable conditions; blue discharge of Negro soldiers on drug charges, failure 

to obey orders, and medical disabilities. 

Principal Correspondents: Robert L. Carter; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Franklin H. 

Williams; Charles D. Carle; Frank D. Reeves. 

0693 "I"-"J." 1943-1950. 186pp. 

Major Topics: Court-martial of Negro soldier for seeking medical aid for foot trouble 

and for treating himself despite orders; blue discharges given for AWOL records, 

medical disabilities, political subversion, civil arrests for unlawful assembly, and failure 

to obey orders; affidavit of Negro steward on refusal to serve Caucasian officers in 

segregated mess halls; application for discharge from navy on grounds of military 

discrimination; court-martial of legally insane Negro soldier; yellow discharge of Negro 

serviceman for striking an officer; Air Force Discharge Review Board denial of Negro 

applications for change in discharge; army review board decision to grant honorable 

discharge to Negro WAC. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry; Edward F. Witsell; 

John L. Cronkrite; Paul Cassard; Franklin H. Williams; Charles D. Carle; Grant 

Reynolds; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Edward R. Dudley; Constance Baker Motley. 

0879 Jones, Ruth M. (also Vessup, Viola). 1943. 40pp. 

Major Topics: Discharge of Negro Women's Army Auxiliary Corps for refusing to obey 

direct command; affidavit of appellant on circumstances of discharge; review board 

decision to uphold earlier discharge. 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; William H. Hastie; Thurgood Marshall; 


0919 Joseph, Leroy [Le Roy]. 1943-1950. 29pp. 

Major Topics: Record of general court-martial for disrespectful behavior and willfully 

disobeying a lawful command; letters of character recommendation for appellant. 

Principal Correspondents: Frank D. Reeves; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr. 

0948 "K." 1947-1949. 42pp. 

Major Topics: Automatic undesirable discharge of Negro soldier for civil court 


0990 "L." 1943-1950. 103pp. 

Major Topics: Air Force Discharge Review Board denial of Negro applications for 

change in discharge; blue discharges given Negro servicemen for medical disabilities; 

benefits available to Negro servicemen despite dishonorable discharges when in 

possession of earlier honorable discharge; letters of recommendation for 

affidavit of appellant on circumstances of discharge. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Edward F. Witsell; Adam Clayton 

Powell. 

1093 "Mc." 1942-1950. 47pp. 

Major Topics: Blue discharges given Negro servicemen for medical disabilities; yellow 

discharges given for civil conviction of drunk driving; affidavit of former marine on 

circumstances of discharge. 

Principal Correspondents:Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry; Jesse O. Dedmon, 

Jr.; Franklin H. Williams; Charles D. Carle.

1140 "M." 1945-1950. 152pp. 

Major Topics: Copy of brief for appellant proposing change of dishonorable discharge 

for mutiny to honorable discharge due to lack of evidence at court-martial; undesirable 

discharge of Negro servicemen for protesting institutional military discrimination; blue 

discharges given Negro soldiers for drug use and mental deficiencies; benefits denied 

Negro veterans because of blue discharges; decision by U.S. Coast Guard Board of 

Review to uphold previous discharge; affidavit of former seaman on circumstances of 

discharge; application by Negro officer to overturn previous court-martial decision. 


1292 Maddred, Hubert. 1945-1948. 42pp. 

Major Topic: Record of general court-martial for disobeying order to stand at ease, 

including ten-year sentence to hard labor. 


Reel 6 




0001 Martin, James O. 1947-1948. 31pp. 

Major Topics: Medical benefits denied former seaman due to dishonorable discharge; 

Navy Department Board for Correction of Naval Records decision to change discharge 

from dishonorable to bad conduct. 




0032 Miles, Fred D. 1946-1948. 36pp. 

Major Topics: Record of general court-martial for disrespectful behavior and willfully 

disobeying direct order; appeal to secretary of army for review of court-martial; Army 

Board on Correction of Military Records lack of jurisdiction over discharges for courtmartial. 

Principal Correspondents: Franklin H. Williams; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; John L. 

Cronkrite. 

0068 Miller, Conrad A. 1943-1948. 59pp. 

Major Topics: Request for review of reduction in rank without court-martial; lists of 

documents relevant to rank reduction case sent to NAACP; incidents of police brutality 

and military discrimination encountered by appellant; brief for appellant before Army 

Board of Correction of Military Records on circumstances of discharge; affidavit of 

appellant on rank reduction due to appearance before inspector general to testify to 

camp conditions. 

Principal Correspondents: Tburgood Marshall; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Franklin H. 

Williams; John L. Cronkrite. 

0127 Miller, Hercules. 1944-1950. 31pp. 

Major Topics: Bad conduct discharge of Negro seaman; affidavits on racial incident 

leading to discharge; Navy Department Board of Review decision to uphold earlier 

discharge; character recommendations on behalf of appellant. 

Principal Correspondents: Walter Ansel; Franklin H. Williams; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; 

Jack Greenberg. 

0158 Miscellaneous Letters. 1948-1950. 15pp. 

Major Topics: Legal rights automatically lost to dishonorable discharge; fees charged 

by NAACP for legal representation in discharge reviews. 

Principal Correspondents: Robert L. Carter; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Jack Greenberg.

0173 "N." 1945-1950. 53pp. 

Major Topics: Army review board decisions denying review of certain discharge cases; 

blue discharges given to Negro soldiers; discharge of soldier for homosexual 

Principal Correspondents: Charles D. Carle; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry. 

0226 "O." 1947-1949. 13pp. 

Major Topics: Civil conviction of Negro soldier for rape of Caucasian woman; army 

review board decisions denying further review of certain discharge cases. 


0239 "P"-"Q." 1946-1950. 165pp. 

Major Topics: Army review board decision to uphold earlier discharges; blue discharges 

given Negro soldiers for time AWOL; blue discharge given Negro soldier for medical 

disability; Section VIII undesirable discharges given Negro soldiers for protests against 

discrimination, disobeying orders, ineptness, and mental disabilities; civilian jurisdiction 

over soldiers accused of certain crimes; conviction of Negro soldier for rape of German 

woman. 

Principal Correspondents: Edward F. Witsell; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Franklin H. 

Williams; Jack Greenberg; Franck R. Havenner; Charles D. Carle; James C. Evans; 

Virgil Chapman. 

0404 Perkins, James. 1947. 15pp. 

Major Topics: Application for correction of discharge for homosexuality due to lack of 

factual evidence presented at court martial; military history of appellant; army review 

board decision to deny review of discharge. 


0419 Pryor, Charles. 1943-1948. 16pp. 

Major Topics: Appeal from blue Section VIII discharge for drug addiction; veteran 

membership in NAACP. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Lucille Black. 

0435 Quillian, Thomas. 1947. 33pp. 

Major Topics: Criteria for undesirable discharge; regulations on guarding men due for 

discharge; blue discharges given Negro soldiers. 

Principal Correspondent: Franklin H. Williams. 

0468 "R." 1945-1950. 118pp. 

Major Topics: Blue discharge of Negro soldiers for medical disabilities; mistaken 

diagnosis and blue discharge of Negro soldier with tuberculosis; mistaken diagnosis of 

Negro soldier with scarlet fever; duplication of effort by veterans' organizations in 

seeking review of discharge for civilian conviction for rape; affidavits in support of 

appellant convicted of rape; Air Force Discharge Review Board change of discharge to 

honorable; army review board change of discharge cause from desertion to AWOL. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Paul Cassard; Franklin H. Williams; 

Edward F. Witsell. 

0586 Rand, Harold. 1945-1946. 13pp. 

Major Topics: Bad conduct discharge of Negro seaman; character recommendations 

for appellant. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Gloster B. Current. 

0599 Ratliff, Robert. 1941-1948. 18pp. 

Major Topic: Undesirable discharge of Negro soldier due to civilian conviction for 

transporting liquor. 


0617 Reid, Henry. 1946-1947. 30pp. 

Major Topics: Blue discharge given to Negro soldier for desertion; review board 

decision to confirm prior discharge. 

Principal Correspondents: Franklin H. Williams; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.

0647 "S." 1943-1950. 194pp. 

Major Topics: Blue Section VIM discharge of Negro soldier in retaliation for applying 

for promotion and transfer; blue discharges given Negro servicemen for bad conduct, 

inefficiency, and medical disabilities; dishonorable discharge for Negro soldiers AWOL; 

withholding of mustering-out pay despite honorable discharge; constitution of the 

Secretary of War's Board on Correction of Military Records; application for Coast 

Guard review of discharge. 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Robert L. Carter; 

Marian Wynn Perry; Franklin H. Williams; Thurgood Marshall. 

0841 Shellman, Isaac. 1943-1948. 16pp. 

Major Topics: Dishonorable discharge for manslaughter; appellant's account of 

irregularities at court-martial. 

Principal Corresondents: Constance Baker Motley; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr. 

0857 Simpson, Durrah B. 1945-1950. 33pp. 

Major Topic: Record of general court-martial and dishonorable discharge for desertion. 

Principal Correspondents: Franklin H. Williams; Frank D. Reeves; Jack Greenberg; 

Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr. 


Discharge Reviews corrt. 

0890 Simpson, Eneil F. 1946-1948. 22pp. 

Major Topics: Blue discharge of Negro soldier due to medical disabilities; release of 

Negro from police force due to discovered blue discharge. 


0912 "T." 1944-1950. 88pp. 

Major Topics: Blue discharge of Negro soldiers for poor character, time AWOL, and 

mental deficiencies; dishonorable discharge of Negro seaman sleeping on guard 

duty; undesirable discharge of Negro airman for insubordination; blue discharges 

sought by Negro servicemen. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Charles D. Carle; Jack Greenberg; 

Leslie S. Perry. 

1000 Utendahl, George C. [1939]-1945. 31pp. 

Major Topics: Undesirable discharge of Negro sailor for writing on military segregation; 

Navy Department Board of Review, Discharges and Dismissals decision to change 

discharge from undesirable to under honorable conditions. 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; Edward R. Dudley; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; 

A. B. Anderson. 

1031 "V." 1947-1949. 12pp. 

Major Topics: Court-martial and dishonorable discharge of Negro soldier for feigning 

illness; review of discharge on grounds of physical evidence of injury. 


1043 "W." 1942-1950. 123pp. 

Major Topics: Transfer of Negro pharmacist after striking abusive Caucasian patient; 

blue discharge of Negro servicemen for unadaptability, protesting military 

military prison guards. 

Principal Correspondents: Franklin H. Williams; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Charles D. 

Carle; Leslie S. Perry. 

1166 White, William E. 1948. 56pp. 

Major Topics: Report of proceeding of board of officers convened to consider blue 

undesirable discharge of Negro airman for homosexuality; extract from service record 

of Negro airman; army review board decision to uphold prior discharge. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Claude Pepper.

1222 Williams, Joe Bennie. 1944-1948. 33pp. 

Major Topics: Civilian conviction of Negro soldiers for assault and resulting undesirable 

discharge from service; decision of Navy Department Board of Review, Discharges 

and Dismissals to uphold prior discharge. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Paul Cassard. 

1255 "Y." 1946-1947. 40pp. 

Major Topics: Blue discharges given Negro servicemen for venereal disease and time 

AWOL; letters of character reference for appellants; Secretary of War's Discharge 

Review Board decision against change of discharge. 

Principal Correspondents: Edward F. Witsell; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr. 

Employment 

1295 Employment of Negro Veterans Survey. 1947. 46pp. 

Major Topics: Reports by regional secretaries on racial policies of VA facilities in 

specific areas; statistics on employment of Negroes by VA facilities. 


Reel 7 



General Correspondence 

0001 1943-1944. 87pp. 

Major Topics: Proposed segregated Negro parachute units; reassignment of Negro 

Women's Army Auxiliary Corps recruiters from recruiting offices to field positions; 

assignment discrimination in U.S. Army Air Corps; alleged discrimination by Salvation 

Army; alleged use of Negro servicemen for medical research; digest of confidential 

report by Walter White on race relations in European theater; War Department 

policy-making executive to VA. 

Principal Correspondents: Milton R. Konvitz; Leslie S. Perry; Walter White; Oveta Culp 

Hobby; Roy Wilkins; John J. McCloy; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Thurgood Marshall; 

Edward J. Parker; Scott W. Lucas; Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.; William H. Hastie; Robert 

P. Patterson; Frank T. Hines; Franklin D. Roosevelt. 

0088 January-April 1945. 122pp. 

Major Topics: Federal Public Housing Authority aid to distressed veterans; 

servicemen; NAACP requests to investigate specific U.S. Army camps; segregation in 

army base theaters and service clubs; questions of race included on VA loan 

office of NAACP; duties of NAACP branches with regard to VA, selective service 

boards, and U.S. Employment Service; logistics of travel by NAACP secretary for 

veterans' affairs. 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Thurgood Marshall; 

Frank T. Hines; Roy Wilkins; Louis R. Lautier.

0210 May-August 1945. 127pp. 

Major Topics: NAACP debate on support of segregated veterans' organizations; bill to 

provide punishment for assault or murder of federal officers; bill to end segregation and 

discrimination in District of Columbia; statistics on Negroes in branches of military; race 

riot of prisoners at Camp Peary, Virginia; NAACP investigation of military camps and 

bases; discrimination in employment of Negro veterans; WAC captain declared surplus 

due to lack of positions for Negro officers; redeployment of Negro units to Pacific 

theater without furlough; segregated hospital care for Negro veterans; Secretary of 

War's Discharge Review Board decision to award honorable discharge. 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Walter White; Philip 

J. Philbin; Henry L. Stimson; Thurgood Marshall. 

0337 September-October 1945. 137pp. 

Major Topics: War Department press releases on redeployment and delays in 

combat units; support for segregated veterans' hospitals by Negro physicians; 

NAACP discussion on goals of veterans' bureau; NAACP conference on employment, 

health care, loans, legal aid, and education for Negro veterans; discrimination in 

administration of U.S. Employment Service; views of National Medical Association on 

segregated veterans facilities. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Edward F. 

Witsell; Louis R. Lautier; Robert P. Patterson; Walter White; Henry L. Stimson; Emory I. 

Robinson; Leslie S. Perry. 


General Correspondence cont. 

0474 November-December 1945. 162pp. 

Major Topics: Report of NAACP veterans conference on employment, education, loans, 

housing, and legal aid for Negro veterans; minutes of NAACP veterans conference; 

refusal of leave for Negro officer to attend veterans conference; funding for new VA 

hospitals; segregation in entertainment facilities at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, despite War 

Department policy; U.S.S. Croatan's refusal to carry Negroes due to lack of separate 

accommodations; statements on troop deployment at press conference of U.S. Army 

service forces; civil rights conference with General Omar Bradley at VA; financial 

assistance of Negro veterans by Rosenwald Fund. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Robert P. Patterson; Leslie S. Perry; 

Robert L. Carter; Artemus L. Gates; Madison S. Jones, Jr.; James V. Forrestal. 

0636 January-March 1946. 102pp. 

Major Topics: NAACP discussion of powers and duties of veterans' affairs secretary; 

proportion of blue discharges awarded Negro soldiers; delays in demobilization and 

discharge of Negro troops in Pacific theater; veteran applications for NAACP 

employment of Negro veterans in Washington, D.C.; dismissal of Negroes from naval 

reserve officer training; preferred recruitment of Caucasian soldiers to European 

theater; conference of civil rights organizations to call for removal of Representative 

John E. Rankin. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Edward F. Witsell; James V. 

Forrestal; Franklin H. Williams; Thurgood Marshall; Robert L. Carter; Walter White; 

Robert P. Patterson; Leslie S. Perry; Howard C. Peterson.

0738 April-June 1946. 146pp. 

Major Topics: Proposed construction of segregated Negro veterans hospital in 

Mississippi; aid for mulatto children in Great Britain; preferred recruitment of 

NAACP furnish list of persons qualified to appear before Secretary of War's Board on 

Officer-Enlisted Man Relationships; delays in discharge of Negro troops; applications 

for discharge review; assignment of Negro specialists to service units during 

discrimination in education for Negro veterans; U.S. Post Office discrimination against 

employment of Negro veterans. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Franklin H. Williams; Thurgood 

Marshall; B. O. Davis; Marcus H. Ray; Madison S. Jones, Jr.; Edward F. Witsell. 

0884 July-December 1946. 115pp. 

Major Topics: Proposed NAACP investigation into certain VA hospitals; U.S. Army 

appointment of Negro officers; accounts of discrimination against Negro soldiers in 

European theater; request by NAACP veterans' affairs secretary for increase in salary; 

refused enlistment of Negro soldiers due to filled racial quotas; denied Negro 

requirement of higher military entrance test scores for Negroes than for Caucasians; 

discrimination in loans by VA in Oklahoma. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Walter White; Marcus H. Ray; 

Robert P. Patterson; Franklin H. Williams; Charles H. Houston; Edward F. Witsell; 

A. A. Vandegrift. 

0999 January-June 1947. 195pp. 

Major Topics: NAACP membership campaign; VA dismissal of Negro employee due to 

poor work record; NAACP investigation of possible hiring discrimination by VA; 

refused enlistment of Negro soldiers due to filled racial quotas; NAACP discussion of 

duties of veterans' affairs office and of branch veterans committees; segregation in 

burial of veterans; constitution of Secretary of War's Board on Correction of Military 

Records; executive order establishing Committee on Fair Employment Practice; 

deadlines for applications to federal disability benefits. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Thomasine W. Johnson; Omar N. 

Bradley; Walter White; Robert P. Patterson; Louis Denfield; Madison S. Jones, Jr.; 

Howard C. Peterson; Franklin H. Williams; Edward F. Witsell; Marian Wynn Perry; 

Clarence Mitchell; Robert L. Carter; Dwight D. Eisenhower. 


Major Topics: NAACP cooperation with VA; War Department request for Jesse 

Dedmon to represent appellants to special review board; refused Negro enlistment in 

branches of service due to filled quotas; performance of Negro troops stationed in 

Japan; attempts by European women to locate Negro lovers or husbands in United 

States; college admission of Negro veterans; discrimination in reenlistment of Negro 

soldiers; invitation of veterans' affairs secretary to NAACP conferences. 

Principal Correspondents: Walter White; Omar N. Bradley; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; 

Madison S. Jones, Jr.; James C. Evans; Julia E. Baxter; Gloster B. Current.

Reel 8 




0001 January-June 1948. 103pp. 

Major Topics: Office hours for NAACP officers in Washington, D.C.; dates of discharge 

review hearings; donations and federal reimbursement for veterans to George 

Washington Carver Institute; VA withholding of tuition reimbursement from vocational 

schools; articles of incorporation of George Washington Carver Institute; employment 

discrimination by VA; statement on Negroes in armed forces by Conference of 

Presidents of Land-Grant Colleges for Negroes; NAACP opposition to universal 

military conscription. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; G. L. Harriss; Madison S. Jones, Jr.; 

Clarence Mitchell; Walter White; Leslie S. Perry; Grant Reynolds; A. Philip Randolph; 

James C. Evans. 




Major Topics: Resolution on military service adopted by 39th annual NAACP 

Caucasian military police in France; report on wartime federalization of National 

Guard; NAACP questions to candidates for Congress; locations of segregated Negro 

troops; NAACP board meeting decisions on membership fees, leaves of absence, 

disloyalty charges, rehiring, and resignations; report by Walter White on condition of 

Negro troops in Germany; NAACP consideration of closing veterans' bureau; NAACP 

discussion on approach to loyalty hearings for members and veterans; NAACP salary 

negotiations with employees. 

Principal Correspondents: Alfred A. Duckett; Walter White; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; 

Leslie S. Perry; James C. Evans; Clarence Mitchell; Lucille Black; Thurgood Marshall; 

Kenneth C. Royal; Marian Wynn Perry. 

0211 1949. 80pp. 

Major Topics: Decision of NAACP board to close veterans' bureau; location of camps 

with Negroes in basic training; offer of field officer position to former veterans' affairs 

secretary, Jesse Dedmon; reports of Washington, D.C. bureau of NAACP on efforts to 

pass antipoll tax, antilynching, education, housing, health care, and employment 

legislation; NAACP discussion on handling of veterans' affairs after closing of bureau; 

NAACP opposition to universal conscription. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Julia E. Baxter; Lucille Black; Roy 

Wilkins; Leslie S. Perry; Clarence Mitchell; Robert L. Carter; Thurgood Marshall; 

Franklin H. Williams; Frank D. Reeves; Constance Baker Motley. 

0291 1950. 41pp. 

Major Topics: Discharge review cases handled by former veterans' affairs secretary; 

care for mulatto children born in Germany; finances for continued NAACP acceptance 

of discharge review cases; civil service employment for Negro veteran. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Robert L. Carter; Leslie S. Perry; 

Madison S. Jones, Jr.; Frank D. Reeves.

G.I. Benefits 

0332 1945-June 1946. 142pp. 

Major Topics: Duration of military service necessary to qualify for benefits under G.I. 

Bill; vocational training for Negro veterans; coordination of NAACP veterans aid efforts 

with National Negro Business League; higher education for Negro soldiers in 

certification of college applications by Negro soldiers and veterans; proposed eligibility 

of spouses for education benefits under G.I. Bill; denial of housing loans to Negroes in 

Corpus Christ!, Texas. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Edward R. Dudley; Leroy Crayton; 

Walter White; Eleanor Roosevelt; Julia E. Baxter; Thurgood Marshall; Madison S. 

Jones, Jr; Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. 

0474 July 1946-1949. 283pp. 

Major Topics: Denial of housing loans to Negroes due to segregated housing laws; 

denial of unemployment benefits to Negro veterans; VA certification of college 

Negro veterans; health insurance for Negro veterans; formation of southern vocational 

schools specifically for Negro veterans; war insurance benefits for families of Negro 

veterans; segregation against Negro applicants by Military Order of the Purple Heart; 

veterans' bonus claims by Negro veterans; VA failure to reimburse materials fees of 

Negro veterans at vocational clothing school. 

Principal Correspondents: Franklin H. Williams; Marian Wynn Perry; Jesse O. 

Dedmon, Jr.; Julia E. Baxter; Edward F. Witsell; Leslie S. Perry. 

0757 VA Explanations. 1948. 2pp. 

Major Topic: Regulations concerning guarantee and insurance of veterans' loans. 

0759 Hospitalization Requests "A"-"W." 1944-1948. 120pp. 

Major Topics: Requests by Negro soldiers for review of previous diagnoses by military 

physicians; requests for transfer to hospitals of choice by Negro veterans; denied 

admission of Negro veterans into military hospital due to filled Negro quota; resignation 

of Negro physicians from VA; denial of pension funds to Negro veterans by courtappointed 

veterans' guardians. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Franklin H. Williams; Charles M. 

Griffith; Thurgood Marshall. 

Loyalty Cases 

0879 Jackson, Robert Lee. 1948. 37pp. 

Major Topics: Proposed dismissal of Negro soldier from employment at Naval Supply 

Center; loyalty board hearing of subversion case; decisions sustaining the charge of 

disloyalty; Navy Department Loyalty Appeal Board reversal of decision and 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Charles Piozet. 

0916 Wilson, John Albert. [1944-1946,] 1947-1948. 24pp. 

Major Topics: Performance evaluations of Negro civilian employee at Naval Supply 

Center; dismissal of Negro civilian from Naval Supply Center in retaliation for recruiting 

for NAACP; subversion decision against Negro civilian. 

Principal Correspondents: Charles Piozet; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.


Miscellany 

0940 Clippings. 1942-1950 [selective--fragments omitted]. 62pp. 

Major Topics: Recommendations on discrimination problems submitted by Negro 

noncommissioned officers to commanding officer at Camp Lee; War Department 

review of rape convictions against two Negro soldiers in Australia; delay in awarding 

citations to Negro soldiers; lynchers' attempts to pose as FBI agents in order to capture 

Negro soldier; U.S. Air Force adoption of new racial policy; integration of National 

Guard units. 

1022 General. 1941-January 31, 1946 [selective--duplicates, government documents, 

military base newsletters omitted]. 107pp. 

Major Topics: Killing of Negro soldiers by military and civilian police following rape of 

Caucasian woman by Negro soldier; confidential duplicates of Camp Gordon 

educated Negroes, civil rights activists, and labor leaders; U.S. Army directive 

theaters; courts-martial of Japanese-American soldiers for disobeying lawful orders; 

speech by Walter White on military discrimination; minutes of NAACP national staff 

conference; War Department investigation of courts-martial of Negro WACs; NAACP 

Veterans Conference on benefits available under G.I. Bill. 

Principal Correspondents: J. A. Ulio; Leslie S. Perry; Vito Marcantonio; Jesse O. 

Dedmon, Jr.; Henry L. Stimson; Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. 

1129 General. Feburary 13, 1946-1950. 72pp. 

Major Topics: War Department press release on utilization of Negro manpower in 

postwar army; complaint for injunction against secretary of war and others for denying 

Negroes equal enlistment in military; testimony of Walter White on European recovery 

plan, also known as the Marshall Plan, before Senate Committee on Foreign Relations; 

The Negro in the Army, Policy and Practice by James C. Evans, as released to the 

press including official statistics; NAACP decision to close veterans' affairs bureau. 

Principal Correspondents: Charles H. Houston; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry. 

Reel 9 



Pension and Disability Claims 

0001 "A." 1944-1946. 58pp. 

Major Topics: Denial of readjustment allowance to Negro veterans; blue discharge of 

Negro soldiers for protesting discrimination in assignment; report by civilian physician 

on illness of veteran; disability claims for arthritis and limb injuries. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Gloster B. Current. 


Pension and Disability Claims cont. 

0059 Arthur, John. [1939,] 1945-1948. 233pp. 

Major Topics: Denial of NAACP request about status of claim due to NAACP failure to 

register with VA as an organization representing veterans; disability claim for rhinitis 

and pharyngitis. 


0292 "B." 1944-1950.153pp. 

Major Topics: Claims for hernia, neurosis due to service experience, and aggravated 

conditions; benefits awarded families of deceased veterans; incident of Caucasian 

military police brutality against convalescent Negro soldier; application for benefits 

after honorable discharge for purpose of employment; withholding of benefits by 

regional VA offices. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry; George E. Brown; V. 

S. Garrett; Edward F. Wftsell; Constance Baker Motley. 

0445 Bailiff, John W. [1934,] 1944-1948. 20pp. 

Major Topic: VA decision to discontinue benefits of Negro soldier due to recovery. 


0465 Bass, Jesse L. 1944-1945. 37pp. 

Major Topic: VA decision to discontinue benefits for World War I victim of gas attack 

despite percentage of permanent damage. 


0502 Bell, Joseph. 1940-1947. 82pp. 

Major Topics: Outpatient examination of Negro veteran finding various disorders; VA 

decision to cut benefits to Negro veteran upon diagnosis of spinal condition as 

congenital; NAACP representation of appellant before the Board of Veterans Appeals. 


0584 "C." 1945-1948. 73pp. 

Major Topics: Claims for spinal injuries, kidney infections, mental disabilities, and joint 

damages; VA decisions to reduce benefits due to partial recovery; officer failure to 

recommend Purple Heart citation for Negro soldiers. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Omar N. Bradley; Robert L. Carter. 


Major Topic: Records of the correspondence and legal action taken by NAACP on 

various pension and disability cases. 

0682 "D." 1945-1948. 45pp. 

Major Topics: Discharge of Negro auto mechanic through improper court-martial; 

discrimination in determination of percentage disability by officer of VA; discrimination 

in employment of Negro veterans and in award of unemployment compensation; 

compensation claims for epilepsy and limb damage. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Helen Gahagan Douglas; Leslie S. 

Perry; Franklin H. Williams. 

0727 "E." 1945-1948. 34pp. 

Major Topics: Induction of Negro with recent double-hernia operation and subsequent 

injury; VA reduction of disability benefits to Negro veterans in Alabama. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Lister Hill; Charles D. Carle. 

0761 "F." 1947-1948. 35pp. 

Major Topics: Claims for benefits due to partial blindness; allotments secured for 

soldiers' dependants. 


0796 "G." 1945-1950. 45pp. 

Major Topics: Allotment for soldiers' dependants; pension claims by veterans and 

dependants of deceased veterans. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Constance Baker Motley. 

0841 Grayson, Chapman. 1947-1948. 37pp. 

Major Topic: Disability claim for asthma and enlarged heart. 


0878 "H." 1945-1948. 82pp. 

Major Topics: VA denial of service connection for claims; problems in certification of 

Negro vocational school; denial of compensation for gas attack injuries due to loss of 

medical records; denial of unemployment benefits to Negro veterans; rules on suitable 

employment for veterans followed by New York State Unemployment Insurance 

Division. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry; Marian Wynn Perry. 

0960 Henderson, James C. 1948-1950. 28pp. 

Major Topics: Parents' pension claim on death of two sons; VA guidelines for 


0988 "I." 1945-1947. 16pp. 

Major Topic: Disability claims for spinal injury and asthma. 


1004 "J." 1945-1947. 33pp. 

Major Topics: Negro employment in VA regional offices; pension and other disability 

claims by veterans and families. 


1037 "K." 1945-1946. 10pp. 

Major Topics: Medical discharge of Negro soldier and subsequent denial of disability 

benefits. 


Group II, BoxG-14 


1047 1." 1947. 40pp. 

Major Topics: Vocational education of Negro veterans; VA discrimination in 


1087 Leftridge, Allen H. 1945-1947. 29pp. 

Major Topics: Department of the Army's investigation of Negro soldier killed not in the 

line of duty; Veterans Justice Committee accusation of murder of Negroes by 

volunteers; upholding of previous court-martial decision by Department of Army. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Robert L. Carter; Edward F. Witsell; 

Alfred A. Duckett. 

1116 "M." 1944-1949. 143pp. 

Major Topics: Disability pension claim for heart conditions; VA subsidy for vocational 

training of Negro veterans; declaration of Negro student as vocationally rehabilitated 

before fulfilling requirements for degree; denial of unemployment benefits to Negro 

veterans; pension claims for children of mentally disabled veteran; VA refusal to grant 

disability pay to Negro for loss of eye; problems in certification of segregated Negro 

vocational training facilities; discrimination by VA offices in determining percentage 

disability of Negro veterans. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Millard W. Rice; Frederick J. Shea; 

Franklin H. Williams. 

1259 McClanahan, James A. 1945-1947. 21pp. 

Major Topic: VA denial of Negro veteran hospitalizatton claim for tuberculosis due to 

lack of proof for service connection. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Frank T. Hines; Leslie S. Perry.

Reel 10 




0001 "N." 1945-1948. 32pp. 

Major Topics: VA denial of benefits to mentally ill Negro veteran and family; Negro 

applications to VA contact offices. 


0033 "O." 1945-1947. 18pp. 

Major Topic: Denial of unemployment compensation to Negro veterans. 


0051 "P." 1945-1948. 44pp. 

Major Topics: Application for pension by Negro veteran in state prison; reduction in 

disability pensions for Negro veterans due to partial recovery. 


0095 Purdy, Martin V. 1947. 31 pp. 

Major Topics: Application for control over pension of mentally ill veteran; trust company 

denial of pension withholding as conservator for mentally ill veteran; VA denial of 

pension claim. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Allen Ellender; Oscar De Priest; 

John H. Overton. 

0126 "R." 1945-1948. 39pp. 

Major Topics: VA overpayment of benefits to family of Negro veteran; applications for 

pension increase due to worsening of condition; VA discrimination against Negro 

applications for contact representative. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Omar N. Bradley. 

0165 Rice, Edward. 1945-1948. 28pp. 

Major Topics: Claim for reinstatement of nonservice-connected disability allowance for 

varicose veins; U.S. Army induction of Negro chaplain despite failure to meet physical 

requirements. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Clarence Mitchell. 

0193 "S." 1945-1948. 90pp. 

Major Topics: U.S. Army cancellation of pension to dependents of Negro soldiers killed 

in action; delays in mustering-out and terminal leave pay for Negro soldiers; pension 

claims for aggravated back conditions; Negro applications for appointments to 

approval of military pension increases; Civil Service Commission discrimination 

against Negro veteran application for employment. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Omar N. Bradley; Leslie S. Perry. 

0283 "T." 1945-1948. 49pp. 

Major Topics: Pension claims for service-connected mental disabilities; VA denial of 

claims for cerebral hemorrhage due to syphilis; VA support for accountant training of 

Negro soldiers. 


0332 "V." 1948 [1947-1948]. 10pp. 

Major Topic: Disability, claim for heart disease and tuberculosis. 


0342 "W." 1945-1948. 82pp. 

Major Topics: Unemployment compensation for Negro veterans; discrimination in VA 

determination of percentage disability for Negro veterans; civilian obstruction of military 

insurance benefits awarded Negroes; requests for NAACP counsel at VA retirement 

board hearing. 


0424 "Y." 1946-1949. 14pp. 

Major Topics: Dependency benefits for Negro families; war bond reclamation. 


0438 Yates, R. Monroe. [1946.] 59pp. 

Major Topics: VA denial of service connection to back injury despite affidavits of 

military physicians, civilian physicians, superior officers, and civilian employers; 

veterans hospital physicians' disagreement with decision of Texas disability rating 

board; rating board refusal to hear case. 


Reports 

0497 Veterans' Bureau. 1947. 41pp. 

Major Topics: Testimony by Jesse O. Dedmon and William H. Hastie before 

President's Committee on Universal Military Training; activities of the NAACP veterans' 

affairs secretary; NAACP investigations of racial incidents at southern military bases; 

discharge reviews; pension and other disability claims. 



Soldier Complaints 

0538 "A." (1943-1947.] 108pp. 

Major Topics: Discharge of Negro soldiers; immigration request by Negro father of 

mulatto child bom in Great Britain; delays in transportation of Negro soldiers from 

Pacific theater during demobilization; United Service Organizations discrimination 

against Negro seamen in Spain; Negro applications for terminal leave pay; civilian 

arrest of Negro soldier accused of rape in Louisiana. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry; Frank T. Mines; J. A. 

Ulio; Frank H. Williams; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Frank D. Reeves. 

0646 Anonymous. 1943-1948. 93pp. 

Major Topics: Superior officers' failure to recommend Negro promotions in 92nd 

Division; court-martial of Negro WAC for complaining of military discrimination to 

NAACP; transfer of Negro soldiers from skilled positions to unskilled; Caucasian cooks 

refusal to wear same rating badge as colored stewards; transfer of Negro soldiers from 

integrated combat units to segregated units; reassignment of Negro soldiers enlisted 

for European theater units to southern service units or Pacific theater; segregation 

against Negro soldiers in Europe and Japan; Civil Service Commission discrimination 

in hiring Negro veterans; delays in discharge of Negro soldiers; living quarters 

Principal Correspondents: Roy Wilkins; Walter White; Thurgood Marshall; Leslie S. 

Perry; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Henry L. Stimson; Marcus H. Ray. 

0739 "B." [1943-1948.] 242pp. 

Major Topics: Discrimination in medical treatment of Negro sailors; Negro requests for 

discharge or resignation of commission; civilian arrest and conviction of Negro soldiers; 

Marine Corps refusal to accept Negro application; court-martial of Negro soldier in 

retaliation for attempt to marry Caucasian woman; official resistance to immigration of 

Jewish woman engaged to Negro veteran; reassignment of Negro servicemen from 

skilled positions to labor duty; segregation at post exchange in Fort Ord, California, 

despite War Department policy; U.S. Army denial of permission for Negro soldiers to 

marry Caucasian women; denial of Negro applications for officer training; War 

of Negroes; disability claims represented by NAACP before the VA Retirement Board; 

Civil Service Commission discharge of Negro veteran. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry; Robert L. Carter; 

Walter White; Henry L. Stimson; Thurgood Marshall; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Roy 

Wilkins; Louis Lautier; Frank D. Reeves; Edward F. Witsell.

0981 "C." [1942-1948.] 190pp. 

Major Topics: U.S. Army denial of permission for Negro soldiers to marry Caucasian 

women; civilian arrest and conviction of Negro soldiers; Negro requests for transfer 

from southern military bases; transfers in retaliation for protesting segregation; transfer 

of Negro soldier from specialized training due to closing of sole segregated course; 

denied Negro applications to U.S. Army Air Corps due to filled quota; reassignment of 

Negro servicemen from skilled positions to unskilled labor; Negro applications to Army 

Specialized Training Program; soldier requests for NAACP investigation of military 

base conditions; discrimination in medical treatment of Negro servicemen; discharge of 

Negro soldiers without due process; delays in discharge of Negro soldiers during 

demobilization. 

Principal Correspondents: Robert L. Carter; Leslie S. Perry; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; 

J. A. Ulio; Grant Reynolds; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Marcus H. Ray; Roy Wilkins; Walter 

White; E. F. Olsen; Norman T. Kirk; William H. Hastie. 

1171 "D." [1943-1947.] 111pp. 

Major Topics: Segregation in military recreation facilities; assignment of Negroes 

qualified for specialized training to service units; civilian and military police brutality 

against Negro soldiers; delays in medical discharge of Negro soldiers; embezzlement 

of Negro pay by Caucasian officers and retaliation against Negro officer correcting 

payroll; declaration of incarcerated Negro soldier as AWOL despite regulations; 

transfer of Negro noncommissioned officers from 92nd Infantry to noncombat positions; 

Negro requests for discharge or transfer; discrimination in American Graves 

Registration assignments to Negro units. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry; Roy Wilkins; Truman 

K. Gibson, Jr.; Gloster B. Current; Marcus H. Ray; James C. Evans. 

1282 "E"-"F." [1943-1948.] 89pp. 

Major Topics: Discrimination in medical care for Negro servicemen; delays in discharge 

of Negro troops during demobilization; denial of Negro applications to specialized 

training due to filled quotas; U.S. Army denial of permission for Negro soldiers to marry 

Caucasian women; Negro soldier requests for mustering-out pay; Negro requests for 

transfer from southern military bases. 

Principal Correspondents :Thurgood Marshall; Leslie S. Perry; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; 

Franklin H. Williams; Walter White. 

Reel 11 



Soldier Complaints cont. 

0001 "G." [1943-1946.] 180pp. 

Major Topics: War Department investigation of civilian manslaughter of Negro soldier; 

discrimination in medical care for Negro servicemen; denial of Negro applications to 

specialized training due to filled quotas; discrimination in transportation of Negro 

soldiers; segregation of assignments in U.S. Navy; denial of Negro applications to 

School of Military Government; military police brutality against Negro servicemen; 

court-martial of Negro soldier for desertion; Negro noncommissioned officers' brutality 

against Negro recruits. 

Principal Correspondents: Grant Reynolds; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Walter White; 

Edward R. Dudley; Leslie S. Perry; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Robert L. Carter; Clifford 

Forster; Max Schwabe; Doxey A. Wilkerson; Henry L. Stimson; Howard C. Peterson.

0181 Gibson, Truman K.--List of Complaints. [1943-1945.] 11pp. 

Major Topics: List of cases sent to the civilian aide to the secretary of war for 

censorship, and military segregation. 

Principal Correspondents: Milton R. Konvitz; Leslie S. Perry. 

0192 Group-Signed Letters. 1942-1947. 47pp. 

Major Topics: Civilian police brutality against Negro soldiers; discrimination against 

Negro stewards by navy officers; comparative treatment of Negro soldiers and German 

prisoners in European theater; segregation in recreation in European theater; delays in 

discharge of Negro troops during demobilization; discharge of Negroes from navy 

Academic Refresher Unit (V-7) training program. 

Principal Correspondents: Walter White; Leslie S. Perry; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; 

William M. Fechteler. 


Soldier Complaints corrt. 

0239 "H"-"l." [1943-1948.] 121pp. 

Major Topics: Discrimination in medical treatment of Negro servicemen; NAACP 

assistance in employment of paroled Negro veterans; discrimination in medical 

discharge of Negro servicemen; civilian arrest and conviction of Negro servicemen; 

delays in discharge of Negro troops during demobilization; military police brutality 

against Negro soldiers; rape charges against Negro soldiers in Germany; housing 

discrimination against Negro WACs; transfer of Negro soldiers from combat units to 

noncombat units during demobilization. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry; Walter White; 

Edward F. Wilsell. 

0360 "J." [1939-1949.] 197pp. 

Major Topics: Discrimination in medical treatment and medical discharge of Negro 

servicemen; Negro applications for officer training; racial discrimination in War 

extradition of Negro soldier from military to civilian authorities in Mississippi; 

Negro soldiers; retaliation against Negro noncommissioned officers protesting 

in promotion of Negro servicemen. 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; Walter White; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Jesse 

O. Dedmon, Jr.; David N. W. Grant; Louis R. Lautier; James C. Evans; Norman T. Kirk; 

Franklin H. Williams; Edward R. Dudley. 

0557 "K"-"t." [1939-1947.] 118pp. 

Major Topics: Discrimination in promotion of Negro officers; civilian arrest and 

discharge of Negro soldiers during demobilization; U.S. Army denial of permission for 

Negro soldiers to marry Caucasian women despite pregnancy; segregation in military 

entertainment despite War Department regulations; denial of Negro applications to 

Army Air Force Band; discrimination in transportation of Negro troops. 

Principal Correspondents: E. S. Adams; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Edward F. Witsell 

Leslie S. Perry; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Robert L. Carter.

0675 "Mc." [1943-1946.] 79pp. 

Major Topics: Deployment of Negroes to Pacific theater who had passed examinations 

for OCS; discrimination in assignment of Negro WACs; discrimination in Negro 

applications for hardship discharges; discrimination in public transportation of Negro 

servicemen; arrest of Negro soldiers fraternizing with French women; civilian police 

brutality against Negro soldiers; segregation of Negro soldiers in post exchanges and 

theaters despite War Department regulations. 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; Ovetta Culp Hobby; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; 

Walter White; Lois Triffin; Thurgood Marshall; Grant Reynolds; Truman K. Gibson, Jr. 

0754 "M." [1943-1949.] 115pp. 

Major Topics: U.S. Air Force and Army Air Corps denial of permission for Negro 

soldiers to marry Caucasian or Filipino women; segregation of Negroes at Naval 

Operating Training School; military and civilian police brutality against Negro 

in medical care for Negro veterans; shooting of Negro soldier upon disobedience; 

military intelligence recommendation of Negroes for dismissal. 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; James C. Evans; Madison S. Jones, Jr.; G. 

James Fleming; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Mary White Ovington; 

Henry L. Stimson; Louis R. Lautier. 

0869 "N"-"O." [1943-1947.] 55pp. 

Major Topics: Discrimination against Negroes in OCS; civilian police brutality against 

Negro WACs; arrest of Negro officers for visiting officers' club in Indiana; discrimination 

in medical care for Negro servicemen; denial of Negro applications to Signal 

Principal Correspondents: Leslie S. Perry; Robert L. Carter; Roy Wilkins; Jesse O. 

Dedmon, Jr.; Henry L. Stimson; J. A. Ulio; Thurgood Marshall. 

0924 "P." [1943-1948.] 209pp. 

Major Topics: Discrimination against Negro applications to OCS; Negro applications 

for discharge due to military discrimination; retaliation against Colonel Pereira, 

policies and promotion of Negro officers; Negro applications for regular army 

branding of Negro soldier by civilians; discrimination in assignment of Negro seamen 

due to filled quotas on naval vessels; delays in discharge of Negro soldiers during 

demobilization; segregation in entertainment and transportation of Negro servicemen. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry; Walter White; 

William H. Hastie; Franklin H. Williams; Oscar C. Brown; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; 

Thurgood Marshall; Milton R. Konvitz; Louis R. Lautier; Tom C. Clark. 

1133 "R." [1943-1948.] 107pp. 

Major Topics: Brutality of Caucasian stockade guards against Negro servicemen; U.S. 

Army failure to promote Negro officers; civilian police brutality against Negro 

WAC parade in Canada; discrimination against Negro applications for specialized 

training; segregation against Negro WACs in dormitories, lavatories, and jobs; 

soldiers; discrimination in civilian transportation of Negro soldiers; censorship of Negro 

newspapers by military commanders in European theater; report of inspector general 

on transfer request by Negro WAC; delays in discharge of Negro soldiers during 

demobilization; discrimination in medical care and medical discharge of Negro 

servicemen. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry; Truman K. Gibson, 

Jr.; Gloster B. Current; Rebecca Lassiter.



1240 "S." [1942-1949.] 210pp. 

Reel 12 

Major Topics: Discrimination in medical care and medical discharges of Negro 

women; military police and superior officer brutality against Negro soldiers in France; 

transfers in retaliation to protests against segregation of Negro hostesses in Army 

Recreational Service; denial of Negro applications to U.S. Navy Women's Reserve 

Units (WAVES); Negro refused admission to Infantry Officer's Candidate School; 

brutality by stockade guards against Negro servicemen; delays in discharge of Negro 

Marines during demobilization; denial of Negro OCS applications due to filled quotas; 

Negro requests for inactive status or transfers due to military segregation; War 

Principal Correspondents: Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry; Robert L. Carter; 

Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Constance Baker Motley; J. A. Ulio; Walter White; Frank D. 

Reeves; William H. Hastie; Lester Granger; Edward F. Witsell; Henry L. Stimson; Lois 

Triffin; Edward R. Dudley; Milton R. Konvitz. 




0001 "T"-"V." [1943-1946.] 58pp. 

Major Topics: Delays in discharge of Negro soldiers during demobilization; civilian 

arrest and conviction of Negro servicemen; request by Negro noncommissioned 

officers for investigation of conditions in 2nd Cavalry Division; Negro requests for 

hardship discharges; discrimination in assignments given Negro stewards; military 

police brutality against Negro soldiers. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry. 

0059 "W." [1942-1948.] 289pp. 

Major Topics: Transfer of Negro soldiers from integrated combat units to segregated 

service units; discrimination in medical care and medical discharge of Negro 

demobilization; civilian arrest of Negro veterans; disability claims made by Negro 

veterans; Negro applications to OCS; courts-martial of Negro soldiers for disobeying 

lawful orders, undesirability, theft, and rape; military police brutality against Negro 

soldiers; censorship of Negro mail at military bases; race riot at Fort Francis K. 

Warren, Wyoming; reassignment of Negroes from Caribbean and European theaters 

due to filled quotas; assignment of Negro Army Air Corps specialists to nonskilled 

positions; reinduction of servicemen previously discharged for disabilities; War 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry; Hamilton Fish, Jr.; 

Thurgood Marshall; Walter White; Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; 

Edward F. Witsell; Helen Gahagan Douglas; Kenneth C. Roy all; Madison S. Jones, Jr.; 

Edward R. Dudley. 

0348 "Y." [1944.] 18pp. 

Major Topics: Discrimination in medical care and medical discharge of Negro 

Principal Correspondents: J. A. Ulio; Truman K. Gibson, Jr.; Leslie S. Perry.

Speeches--Dedmon, Jesse O. 

0366 Delaware-North Carolina. [1945.] 138pp. 

Major Topics: Return of Negro soldiers including veterans disability, education, 

veterans; veterans' benefits available to Negro servicemen; constitutional amendments 

for racial equality, employment of Negro veterans, and pending civil rights legislation; 

role of returning Negro veterans in civil rights struggle. 

Principal Correspondents: Gloster B. Current; Madison S. Jones, Jr.; Roy Wilkins. 

0504 Ohio-Virginia. [1945-1947.] 135pp. 

Major Topics: Employment of Negro veterans and other activities of the veterans' 

bureau; benefits of G.I. Bill including health care, education, loans, unemployment, 

pensions, and mustering-out pay; constitutional amendments for racial equality, 

employment of Negro veterans, and pending civil rights legislation; effect of peace 

upon employment gains by Negro civilians during war; data on segregated military 

conditions; NAACP press releases on Negro heroism and Red Cross segregation of 

blood plasma. 

Principal Correspondents: Ruby Hurley; Roscoe Dunjee; Gloster B. Current; Julia E. 

Baxter. 


State Veterans' Laws 

0639 California-Virginia. Undated. 99pp. 

Major Topics: Deadlines for obtaining federal veteran's benefits; veterans' benefits 

provided by state laws in California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, 

Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, New 

Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, 

Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. 

Universal Military Training 

0738 1945-1948. 165pp. 

Major Topics: Performance report on Negro infantry in European theater; testimony of 

William Hastie before House Military Affairs Committee on proposed universal 

hearings on universal military conscription; National Security Act of 1947 establishing 

National Security Council and other security agencies; discrimination against Negro 

amputees; report by Committee against Jim Crow in Military Service and Training on 

recommendations by President's Commission on Universal Military Training; VA 

employment of Negro veterans; statement of Walter White before Senate Armed 

Services Committee in opposition to segregated military conscription; testimony of 

Jesse Dedmon before House Armed Services Committee hearings on universal 

military training; statement by General H. C. Holdridge of Veterans League of America 

before House Military Affairs Committee opposing compulsory military training. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Walter White; John H. Only; Roy 

Wilkins; Leslie S. Perry; Marian Wynn Perry; Chan Gumey; Wayne Morse; Walter G. 

Andrews; E. Raymond Wilson. 


Veterans Administration 

0903 Discrimination. 1945-1947. 31 pp. 

Major Topics: NAACP conference with VA; NAACP recommendations on VA 

endorsed by various civil rights organizations and submitted to VA; VA hiring data on 

occupations and number of Negro employees. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Walter White; Omar N. Bradley; 

G. H. Sweet.

0934 Hospital Discrimination (Alphabetically by City). 1945-1948. 191 pp. 

Major Topics: VA discrimination in employment of Negro training officers; VA transfer 

of Negro nurses due to inability to meet Negro quota; segregation of Negro nurses at 

VA hospitals; housing segregation of Negro attendants at VA hospital; discrimination in 

assignment of Negro WACs at Lovell General Hospital, Fort Devens; segregation in 

food service and entertainment at southern VA hospitals; construction of new 

mentally ill Negro veterans; U.S. Army misdiagnosis of Negro veterans. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Charles M. Griffith; Omar N. Bradley; 

Walter White; Leslie S. Perry; James V. Forrestal; Thomas Parran; Frank T. Hines; 

Roy Wilkins; Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.; David K. Miles; Marian Wynn Perry; Paul R. 

Hawley; Joseph F. Albright; Norman T. Kirk. 

Veterans Training Survey 

1125 1947. 114pp. 

Major Topics: List of institutions surveyed as to veterans in attendance under 

provisions of veterans' legislation; responses from institutions surveyed. 

Principal Correspondents: Jesse O. Dedmon, Jr.; Horace Mann Bond.

CORRESPONDENT INDEX 

The following index is a guide to the major correspondents of this collection. The first Arabic number refers 

to the reel and the Arabic number after the colon refers to the frame number at which a particular file folder begins. 

For example, the entry 2: 0043 would direct the researcher to a file folder that begins at Frame 0043 of Reel 2. 

By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial section of this guide, the researcher could find the main 

entry for this file folder. 

Adams, E. S. 

11: 0557 

Albright, Joseph F. 

12: 0934 

Anderson, A. B. 

6: 1000 

Andrews, Walter G. 

12: 0738 

Ansel, Walter 

6: 0127 

Bailey, Lester P. 

2: 0751 

Baker, Ella J. 

2: 0097 

Baxter, Julia E. 

7: 1194; 8: 0211, 0332, 0474; 11: 0504 

Black, Lucille 

6: 0419; 8: 0104, 0211 

Bond, Horace Mann 

12: 1125 

Bradley, Omar N. 

7: 0999, 1194; 9: 0584; 10: 0126, 0193; 

12: 0903, 0934 

Brooks, Deton J., Jr. 

2: 0141 

Brown, George E. 

9: 0292 

Brown, Oscar C. 

11: 0924 

Bryan, B. M. 

1: 1008 

Byrd, Daniel 

1: 1008 

Carle, Charles D. 

4: 0365, 0918-0989, 1203; 5: 0277, 0369, 

0427, 0566, 0693, 1093; 6: 0173, 0239, 

0912, 1043; 9: 0727 

Carter, Robert L 

1: 0930; 4: 0001; 5: 0566; 6: 0158, 0647; 

7: 0474, 0636, 0999; 8: 0211, 0291; 

9: 0584, 1087; 10: 0739, 0981; 11: 0001, 

0557, 0869, 1240 

Cassard, Paul 

4: 1203; 5: 0277, 0532, 0693; 6: 0468, 1222 

Chapman, Virgil 

6: 0239 

Clark, Tom C. 

11: 0924 

Connelly, William P. 

1: 0523 

Crayton, Leroy 

8: 0332 

Cronkrite, John L. 

4: 0989; 5: 0245. 0693; 6: 0032, 0068 

Current, Gloster B. 

1: 0001, 0349, 1094; 2: 0097, 0564; 4: 0001, 

0489; 5: 0277, 0586; 7: 1194; 9: 0001; 

10: 1171; 11: 1133; 12: 0366, 0504 

Davis, B. O. 

7: 0738 

Dedmon, Jesse O., Jr. 

1: 0001-0349, 0523-0930, 1008-1165; 

2: 0001-0246, 0438-0637, 0711-0751; 

3: 0001, 0176, 0346, 0381, 0901-1195; 

4: 0001, 0234-0365. 0514, 0591-0801, 

0918-0989, 1203, 1317; 5: 0001. 0198, 

0277-0427, 0551-0693. 0919-1292; 

6: 0001-0419. 0468-1295; 7: 0088-1194; 

8: 0001-0474, 0759-0916, 1022. 1129; 

9: 0001-0584, 0682-1259; 10: 0001-1282; 

11: 0001, 0192-1240; 12: 0001, 0059, 

0366, 0504, 0738-1125 

De Lacy, Hugh 

5: 0198

Denfield, Louis 

7: 0999 

De Priest, Oscar 

10: 0095 

Douglas, Helen Gahagan 

3: 1195; 9: 0682; 12: 0059 

Drissel, V. Homer 

3: 0074 

Duckett, Alfred A. 

8: 0104; 9: 1087 

Dudley, Edward R. 

1: 0436, 1008; 2: 0438, 0564; 4: 0001, 0514, 

0591; 5: 0693; 6: 1000; 8: 0332; 11: 0001, 

0360, 1240; 12: 0059 

Dunjee, Roscoe 

11: 0504 

Edmonds, James E 

4: 0059 

Eisenhower, Dwight D. 

7: 0999 

Ekblad, Eugene R. 

4: 0989 

Ellender, Allen 

10: 0095 

Evans, James C. 

1: 0523, 1008, 1094; 2: 0001, 0043; 6: 0239; 

7: 1194; 8: 0001, 0104; 10: 1171; 11: 0360, 

0754 

Evans, Robert P. 

3: 1125 

Fechteler, William M. 

11: 0192 

Ferguson, Homer 

3: 0381 

Fish, Hamilton, Jr. 

12: 0059 

Fleming, G. James 

11: 0754 

Forrestal, James V. 

1: 1165; 7: 0474, 0636; 12: 0934 

Forster, Clifford 

11: 0001 

Francisco, Ray J. 

5: 0369 

Garrett, V. S. 

9: 0292 

Gates, Artemus L. 

7: 0474 

Gautt, E. C. 

4: 0989 

Gibson, Truman K., Jr. 

1: 0334, 0436, 0523,0707-1008, 1165; 

2: 0043-0246, 0438; 3: 1125, 1195; 4: 0275, 

0450, 0591; 5: 0331, 0693, 0879, 1093; 

7: 0001, 0337; 10: 0538-1171; 11: 0001, 

0360-0754, 0924-1240; 12: 0059, 0348 

Granger, Lester 

11: 1240 

Grant, David N. W. 

11: 0360 

Greenberg, Jack 

4: 0989; 5: 0277; 6: 0127, 0158, 0239, 0857, 

0912 

Griffin, Noah W. 

3: 0993 

Griffith, Charles M. 

8: 0759; 12: 0934 

Gurney, Chan 

12: 0738 

Hardin, Mary Rose 

1: 1094 

Harriss, G. L 

8: 0001 

Hastie.William H. 

5: 0879; 7: 0001; 10: 0981; 11: 0924, 1240 

Havenner, Franck R. 

6: 0239 

Hawley, Paul R. 

12: 0934 

Hill, Lister 

9: 0727 

Mines, Frank T. 

7: 0001, 0088; 9: 1259; 10: 0538; 12: 0934 

Hobby, Oveta Culp 

7: 0001; 11: 0675 

Houston, Charles H. 

1: 0436; 7: 0884; 8: 1129 

Howard, A. M. 

5: 0369 

Hurley, Ruby 

12: 0504 

Johnson, Thomasine W. 

7: 0999 

Jones, Madison S., Jr. 

1: 0975; 7: 0474, 0738. 0999, 1194; 8: 0001, 

0291, 0332; 11: 0754; 12: 0059, 0366 

Kirk, Norman T. 

1: 0676, 0930, 1008; 2: 0438; 10: 0981; 

11: 0360; 12: 0934 

Konvitz, Milton R. 

1: 1165; 2: 0637; 4: 0275, 0450, 0894; 7: 0001; 

11: 0181, 0924, 1240

Kunkel, R. E. 

4: 0275 

Lassiter, Rebecca 

11:1133 

Lautier, Louis R. 

7: 0088, 0337; 10: 0739; 11: 0360, 0754, 0924 

Lucas, Scott W. 

7: 0001 

McCloy, John J. 

1: 0349, 0436. 0676; 7: 0001 

Marcantonio, Vito 

8: 1022 

Marshall, Thurgood 

1: 0436, 0676, 0930, 1165; 2: 0001-0097, 

0637; 3: 1125; 4: 0450, 0591, 0894; 

5: 0198, 0879; 6: 0068, 0647; 7: 0001- 

0210, 0636, 0738; 8: 0104, 0211, 0332, 

0759; 10: 0646, 0739, 1282; 11: 0675, 

0869, 0924; 12: 0059 

Mitchell, Clarence 

4: 0989; 7: 0999; 8: 0001-0211; 10: 0165 

Moore, Carolyn Davenport 

2: 0001 

Morse, Wayne 

12: 0738 

Motley, Constance Baker 

5: 0693; 6: 0841; 8: 0211; 9: 0292. 0796; 

11: 1240 

Niles, David K. 

12: 0934 

Ohiy, John H. 

12: 0738 

Olsen, E. F. 

10: 0981 

Osborne, Wlnslow H. 

3: 1125 

Overton, Catherine M. 

4: 0989 

Overton, John H. 

10: 0095 

Ovington, Mary White 

11: 0754 

Parker, Edward J. 

7: 0001 

Parran, Thomas 

12: 0934 

Patterson, Robert P. 

1: 0334, 0757; 2: 0438, 0855; 7: 0001, 0337- 

0636, 0884, 0999 

Pepper, Claude 

6: 1166 

Perry, Leslie S. 

1: 0198, 0349, 0436, 0523, 0676, 0757, 1008- 

1165; 2: 0001, 0097, 0246, 0438, 0564, 

0855; 3: 0176, 0224, 1125; 4: 0001-0141, 

0275, 0450-0591, 0894; 5: 0198, 0693, 

0879, 1093; 6: 0173, 0647, 0912, 1000, 

1043; 7: 0001-0636; 8: 0001-0291, 0474, 

1022, 1129; 9: 0292, 0682, 0878, 1259; 

10: 0193, 0538-1282; 11: 0001 -1240; 

12: 0001-0348, 0738. 0934 

Perry, Marian Wynn 

4: 0275; 6: 0647; 7: 0999; 8: 0104, 0474; 

9: 0878; 12: 0738, 0934 

Peterson, Howard C. 

1: 0334, 0707, 0757, 1008, 1094; 7: 0636, 

0999; 11: 0001 

Philbin, Philip J. 

7: 0210 

Piozet, Charles 

8: 0879, 0916 

Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. 

3: 0916; 5: 0990; 7: 0001; 8: 0332, 1022; 

12: 0059, 0934 

Randolph, A. Philip 

8: 0001 

Ray, Marcus H. 

7: 0738, 0884; 10: 0646, 0981, 1171 

Reeves, Frank D. 

1: 0436; 2: 0751; 5: 0566, 0919; 6: 0857; 

8: 0211, 0291; 10: 0538, 0739; 11: 1240 

Reynolds, Grant 

1: 0975; 2: 0097; 3: 1125; 4: 0001; 5: 0693; 

8: 0001; 10: 0981; 11: 0001, 0675 

Rice, Millard W. 

9:1116 

Robinson, Emory I. 

7: 0337 

Roosevelt, Eleanor 

8: 0332 

Roosevelt, Franklin D. 

7: 0001 

Royal, Kenneth C. 

2: 0438; 8: 0104; 12: 0059 

Schneider, Max F. 

1: 0975 

Schwabe, Max 

11: 0001 

Shea, Frederick J. 

9: 1116 

Snell, Harold D. 

3: 1049

Spaulding, Theodore 

1: 0438 

Spingarn, Arthur 

1: 1008 

Sprague, T. L. 

1: 1165 

Steele, Julian D. 

4: 0894 

Stlmson, Henry L. 

1: 0436, 0676, 0757; 2: 0438; 4: 0059, 0141. 

0894, 1317; 7: 0210, 0337; 8: 1022; 

10: 0646, 0739; 11: 0001, 0754. 0869, 1240 

Stone, O. E. 

3: 1125 

Sullivan, John B. 

5: 0198 

Sweet, G. H. 

12: 0903 

Thomas, Elmer 

3: 1195 

Thomas, Prentice 

4: 0059 

Triffin, Lois 

1: 0930; 4: 0573; 11: 0675, 1240 

Ulio, J. A. 

2: 0438, 0855; 3: 0224, 1195; 4: 0141, 0275; 

8: 1022; 10:0538, 0981; 11: 0869, 1240; 

12: 0348 

Vandegrift, A. A. 

7: 0884 

White, Walter 

1: 0349, 0436, 0523, 0676, 0757; 2: 0097, 

0246; 4: 0059; 7: 0001, 0210, 0337, 0636, 

0884-1194; 8: 0001, 0104, 0332; 10: 0646- 

1282; 11: 0001, 0192-0360, 0924, 1240; 

12: 0059, 0738-0934 

Wilkerson, Doxey A. 

11: 0001 

Wllklns, Roy 

4: 0059; 7: 0001, 0088; 8: 0211; 10: 0646, 

0739, 0981; 11: 0869; 12: 0366, 0738, 0934 

Williams, Franklin H. 

1: 0349, 1094, 1165; 2: 0043, 0438-0637, 

0711, 0733; 3: 0176, 0346, 0381, 0901, 

0993, 1125; 4: 0275, 0685, 0801, 0918, 

0989-1203; 5: 0198, 0277-0532, 0566, 

0693, 0948, 1093, 1140; 6: 0032-0127, 

0226-0404, 0435, 0468, 0617, 0647, 0857, 

1031, 1043; 7: 0636-0999; 8: 0211, 0474, 

0759; 9: 0682, 1116; 10: 0283, 0538, 1282; 

11: 0360, 0675, 0924 

Wilson, E. Raymond 

12: 0738 

Wltsell, Edward F. 

2: 0742; 3: 0176, 0381, 0916; 4: 0275, 0591, 

0918, 1203, 1317; 5: 0369, 0693, 0990; 

6: 0239, 0468, 1255; 7: 0337, 0636-0999; 

8: 0474; 9: 0292,1087; 10: 0739; 11: 0239, 

0557, 1240; 12: 0059

SUBJECT INDEX 

The following index is a guide to the major subjects of this collection. The first Arabic number refers to the reel 

and the Arabic number after the colon refers to the frame number at which a particular file folder begins. For 

example, the entry 2: 0043 would direct the researcher to a file folder that begins at Frame 0043 of Reel 2. By 

referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial section of this guide, the researcher could find the main 

entry for this file folder. 

American Civil Liberties Union 

5: 0566 

American Graves Registration Service 

2: 0043; 10: 1171 

American Legion 

12: 0366 

Australia 

8: 0940 

Awards 

see Citations 

Bases, air force 

Columbia 1:0436 

Delhart 1:0523 

Lincoln 1:1008 

see also Fields, Army Air Corps 

Benefits, veterans 

deadlines, federal 12: 0639 

families of deceased veterans 9: 0292, 0761, 

0796;10: 0193,0424 

families of mentally ill veterans 9: 1116; 

12: 0934 

readjustment allowance 9: 0001 

speeches--NAACP 12: 0366 

state veterans' laws 12: 0639 

war bond reclamation 10: 0424 

war bonus claims 8: 0474; 12: 0366 

see also Disability claims; G.I. Bill; Health 

care; Insurance; Pension; Unemployment 

compensation 

Bradley, Omar 

7: 0474 

Branches, NAACP 

see NAACP, chapters 

Brown babies 

see Germany; Great Britain 

Burial 

segregation 7: 0999 

Camps, army 

Aberdeen 1: 0334, 0349; 2: 0246, 0382 

Butner 1: 0349 

Claiborne 1: 0436; 2: 0246 

Clark 1: 0436 

Forrest 1: 0676 

Gordon 2: 0246, 0382; 8: 1022 

Herrington 1: 0930 

Holabird 2: 0246 

Johnston 2: 0246 

Kearns 1: 0975 

Lee 4: 0059; 8: 0940 

Livingston 2: 0246, 0382 

Meade 2: 0246 

Peary 1: 1165 

Plauche 2: 0246, 0382 

Polk 1: 1165 

Joseph T. Robinson 2: 0097 

Shenango 2: 0097 

Stewart 2: 0097 

Van Dorn 2: 0438 

Wheeler 2: 0438 

see also Forts, army 

George Washington Carver Institute 

articles of incorporation 8: 0001 

Censorship 

mail 12: 0059 

Negro newspapers in Europe 11: 1133 

War Department investigations 11: 0181 

see also Courts-martial; Discharges 

Church 

segregation in services 1: 0349, 0975 

Citations 

delays in awarding 8:0940 

Negro infantrymen 7: 0088 

officer recommendations 9: 0584 

press releases 12: 0504 

see also Military Order of the Purple Heart

Civilian police 

arrests of soldiers 5: 0277; 10: 0538. 0739, 

0981; 11: 0557, 1133; 12: 0001, 0059 

jurisdiction contentions 6: 0239; 11: 0360 

Civil Service Commission 

employment of Negro veterans 10: 0193, 0646, 

0739 

Committee against Jim Crow In Military Service 

and Training 

12: 0738 

Committee on Fair Employment Practice 

establishment 7: 0999 

Conference of Presidents of Land-Grant 

Colleges for Negroes 

8: 0001 

Conscientious objectors 

courts-martial 5: 0277 

induction 3: 1125 

Conscription 

NAACP opposition 8: 0001, 0211 

testimony 12: 0738 


appeals 2: 0523-0917; 3: 0001-1195; 

4: 0001-0894 

assault 2: 0043. 0742; 4: 0275, 0410, 0591, 

0989 

automobile accident 3: 0993 

AWOL 3: 0001, 0176, 0346, 1125; 4: 0591 

desertion 6: 0857; 11: 0001 

disobedience 2: 0751; 3: 0176, 1049, 1195; 

4: 0001, 0234, 0365, 0514; 5: 0277, 0693, 

1292; 6: 0032; 8: 1022; 12: 0059 

disrespectful behavior 5: 0245, 0919; 6: 0032 

drinking 2: 0917 

escape 3: 0224; 4: 0365 

failure to stop riot 1: 0436 

feigning illness 6: 1031 

general 8: 1022; 9: 0682; 10: 0739; 11: 1133 

homosexuality 6: 0404 

insanity 3: 0001; 5: 0693 

insubordination 3: 0993; 4: 0894 

manslaughter 4: 0801; 6: 0841 

misrepresenting unit strength 3: 0381, 0635 

murder 4: 0275, 0573, 0591, 0685 

murder--killing Caucasian in line of duty 

2: 0637 

mutiny 2: 0246. 0523; 4: 0275, 0489, 0591; 

5: 1140 

rape 2: 0097, 0564, 0637. 0855; 3: 0001, 0176, 

0916, 0993,1125; 4: 0275, 0450. 0591; 

12: 0059 

rioting 2: 0711; 3: 0176; 4: 0141. 0275 

sedition 4: 0514 

segregation protest 1: 0757; 10: 0646 

sexual intercourse 2: 0917 

striking superior officer 2:0564 

theft 3: 0074, 0224, 1125; 12: 0059 

undesirability 12: 0059 

War Department investigations 11: 0181 

writing 3: 0176 

see also Discharges; 92nd Regiment 

Dedmon, Jesse O., Jr. 

empbyment with NAACP 8: 0211 

legal representation 7: 1194 

speeches 12: 0366, 0504 

testimony 10: 0497; 12: 0738 

Demobilization 

assignment changes 7: 0738 

delays for Negro troops 7: 0636; 10: 0538, 

1282; 11: 0192-0557, 0924-1240; 

12: 0001, 0059 

segregation--Fort Benning 1: 0349 

transfers from combat to noncombat 11: 0239 

see also Discharges 

Demotions 

general 2: 0246; 4: 0591, 0989 

retaliation 1: 0349; 2: 0637; 4: 0059; 6: 0068 

Department of Army 

investigations 1: 0676; 9: 1087 

press conferences 7: 0474 

Department of Navy 

Board of Review, Discharges and Dismissals 

6: 1000, 1222 

investigations 1: 1165 

Loyalty Appeal Board 8: 0879 

Department of War 

courts-martial appeals 3: 0074; 4: 0275; 

8: 0940, 1022 

directive excluding Negroes from language 

courses 10: 0739 

investigations 1: 1008, 1094; 2: 0438, 0742; 

3: 0993; 4: 0059; 11: 0001, 0181, 1240; 

12: 0059 

memorandum banning discrimination in post 

exchanges 7: 0001 

memorandum on specialists 2:0438 

press releases 7: 0337; 8: 1129 

requests to NAACP 7: 1194 

Disability claims 

asthma 9: 0841. 0988 

blindness 9: 0761, 1116 

deadlines 7: 0999 

epilepsy 9: 0682 

general 9: 0001-10: 0497; 12: 0059 

heart 10: 0332 

hernia 9: 0292, 0727 

kidney 9: 0584 

limbs 9: 0682

mental 9: 0292. 0584, 1116; 10: 0001, 0283 

NAACP representation 10: 0739 

spinal 9: 0584, 0988 

tuberculosis 9: 1259; 10: 0332 

Discharges 

applications 5: 0693; 10: 0739,1171; 11: 0924 

bad conduct 4: 0989; 5: 0427, 0532, 0566, 

0990; 6: 0001, 0127, 0586, 0647 

blue 5: 0277-0427, 0566. 0693, 0948-1140; 

6: 0173. 0239, 0419-0468, 0617, 0647. 

0890, 0912, 1043, 1255; 7: 0636, 0884; 

8: 1129 

delays during demobilization 2: 0097; 7: 0337, 

0636, 0738; 10: 0646, 0981, 1282; 

11: 0192-0557, 0924-1240; 12: 0001, 0059 

desertion 6: 0617 

dishonorable 2: 0564; 3: 0001, 0176, 0346, 

0381. 0901, 1195; 4: 0001, 0989, 1203; 

5: 0277, 0990, 1140; 6: 0001. 0158. 0647- 

0857, 0912, 1031 

drug addiction 6: 0419 

general 9: 0682; 10: 0538, 0981 

hardship 5: 0427; 11: 0675; 12: 0001 

honorable 4: 0989; 5: 0331, 0693, 0990; 

6: 1000; 7: 0210, 0884 

honorable conditions 4: 1203; 5: 0198, 0277, 

0369, 0427, 0566 

medical 1: 0198, 0676; 5: 0427, 0566, 0693, 

0990, 1093; 6: 0239, 0468, 0647, 0890, 

1043, 1255; 9: 1037; 10: 0739, 1171; 

11: 0181, 0239, 0360, 0924-1240; 

12: 0059, 0348 

mental 1: 0349, 1008; 4: 0918, 0989-1203; 

5: 1140; 6: 0912 

mustering-out pay 6: 0647; 9: 0193; 10: 1282; 

12: 0504 

regulations 6: 0435 

reviews 4: 0801. 0918-1317; 5: 0001-1292; 

6: 0001-1255; 8: 0001, 0291; 10: 0497 

subversion 5: 0693 

terminal leave pay 1: 0198; 9: 0193; 10: 0538 

undesirable 

civilian conviction 6: 0599, 1222 

criteria 6: 0435 

general 4: 0989, 1203; 5: 0198, 0369, 0566, 

0948, 0990, 1140; 6: 0912 

homosexual 4: 0989, 1203; 6: 0173, 0404, 

1166 

retaliation 4: 1203; 5: 0198, 0369, 0427, 

0566, 1140; 6: 0239, 1000 

unfitness 5: 0566 

yellow 5: 0427, 0693, 1093 

District of Columbia 

bill to end segregation 7: 0210 

Education, soldiers 

Negroes in European theater 8: 0332 

see also Training 

Education, veterans 

apprenticeships 7: 0636 

college admission 7: 1194; 8: 0332, 0474 

college attendance survey 12: 1125 

general 7: 0738; 8: 0001 

legislation 8: 0211 

NAACP conferences 7: 0337, 0474 

NAACP speeches 12: 0366, 0504 

vocational training 8: 0001, 0332, 0474; 

9: 1047, 1116; 10 0283 

War Department directive excluding Negroes 

from language courses 10: 0739 

see also Vocational schools 

Eisenhower, Dwight D. 

7: 0738 

Embezzlement 

Negro pay by Caucasian officers 10: 1171 

Employment, veterans 

civil service 8: 0291; 10: 0193 

conferences, NAACP 7: 0337, 0474 

discharge for employment 9: 0292 

effects of peace 12: 0504 

general 1: 0523; 7: 0210, 0636; 9: 0682; 

12: 0059 


loyalty cases 8: 0879, 0916 

New York State Unemployment Insurance 

Division 9: 0878 

paroled veterans 2: 0751; 11: 0192 

releases due to blue discharge 6: 0890 

speeches--NAACP 12: 0366, 0504 

U.S. Employment Service 7: 0088, 0337 

U.S. Post Office 7: 0738 

VA 6: 1295; 7: 0999; 8: 0001; 9: 1004; 

10: 0126, 0193; 12: 0738-0934 

Enlistment 

entrance exams 7: 0738; 11: 0360 

racial quotas 2: 0564; 7: 0884, 0999, 1194; 

8: 1129; 10: 0739, 0981 

reenlistment 7: 1194; 11: 0360 

statistics, by state 1: 0001 

see also Induction; Recruitment 

Entertainment 

furloughs 7: 0210 

general 1: 0334. 0523, 0930, 0975; 7: 0474; 

10: 1171; 11: 0192, 0360. 0557. 0924 

hospitals 12: 0934 

mess halls 1: 1008, 1165 

officers' dubs 1: 0757; 11: 0869 

post exchanges 2: 0438; 7: 0001; 8: 1022; 

10: 0739; 11: 0675

Entertainment cont. 

service clubs 7: 0088 

theaters 7: 0088; 8: 1022; 11: 0675 

see also United Service Organizations 

Evans, James C. 

publications 8: 1129 

Federal Public Housing Authority 

7: 0088 

Fields, Army Air Corps 

Amarillo 1: 0334 

Freeman 1: 0757 

Godman 1: 0757 

Greenville 4: 0489 

Hamilton 1: 0930 

Hendricks 1:0930 

Lowry 1: 1008 

Mabry, Dale 2: 0246, 0382 

MacDill 2: 0246, 0382; 4: 0275 

Maxwell 3: 0224 

Pope 2: 0246 

Robbins 2: 0097 

Selfridge 2: 0097 

Tuskegee 2: 0246, 0382 

Tyndall 2: 0438 

Walla Walla 2: 0438 

Forts, army 

Benning 1: 0349; 2: 0246, 0382 

Bragg 1: 0349; 2: 0246, 0382 

Des Moines 1: 0523 

Devens 12: 0934 

Dix 1:0523; 2: 0246, 0382 

Huachuca 1: 0930 

Knox 1:0757. 0975 

Lawton 1: 1008; 3: 0176 

Leavenworth 1: 1008 

Leonard Wood 1:1008 

Lewis 1:0707; 7: 0909 

Livingston 1: 1008 

Monmouth 2: 0246, 0382 

Ord 10: 0739 

Warren, Francis K. 12: 0059 

see also Camps, army 

France 

deaths of Negro soldiers 8: 0104 

fraternization 11: 0675, 1240 

hospitals, segregated 2: 0001 

Fraternization 

Negro men with Caucasian women 1: 0930; 

7: 1194; 9: 1087; 11: 0675, 1240 

see also Marriage 

Furlough 

see Entertainment 

Germany 

mulatto children 8: 0291 

murders 2: 0523 

rapes 2: 0564, 0637; 6: 0239; 11: 0239 

report on Negro troops 8: 0104 

G.I. Bill 

eligibility requirements 8: 0332 

NAACP conference 8: 1022 

NAACP speeches 12: 0504 

see a/so Benefits 

Gibson, Truman K. 

list of NAACP cases 11: 0181 

Great Britain 

mulatto children 7: 0738; 10: 0538 

rapes 3: 0916 

Handicapped veterans 

12: 0738 

Hastle, William H. 

2: 0855; 10: 0497; 12: 0738 

Health care 

benefits denied 5:0990; 6:0001 

general 4: 1317; 7: 0088; 10: 0739. 0981. 

1282; 11: 0001, 0192-0557, 0754-1240; 

12: 0059, 0348, 0934 


mistaken discharges 6: 0468 

NAACP conference 7: 0337 


prisons 3: 0224 

review of military diagnoses 8: 0759; 9: 0001, 

0502, 0682; 10: 0438; 12: 0934 

soldiers used for research 7: 0001 

see a/so Disability claims; Hospitals; Insurance; 

Medical workers; VA 

Holdrldge, H. C. 


Hospitals 

admission quotas 8: 0759 

construction of segregated facilities 7: 0337, 

0738; 12: 0934 

discrimination against Negro WACs and 

servicemen 2: 0097, 0438 

funding--VA 7: 0474 

NAACP hospital investigation 7: 0884 

segregation--general 1: 0523, 1094, 1165; 

2: 0001; 7: 0210; 12: 0934 

segregation--support from Negro physicians 

7: 0337 

transfers--Negro requests 8: 0759 

transfers--nurses 12: 0934 

see also Medical workers; VA 

House Armed Services Committee 

testimony 12: 0738

House Military Affairs Committee 


Housing 

Delhart Air Base 1: 0523 

Hamilton Field 1: 0930 


loans 8: 0332, 0474 

NAACP conferences 7: 0474 

New York City 1:1165 

Selfridge Field 2: 0097 

VA hospitals 12: 0934 

WACs 11: 0239 

Immigration 

Jewish woman engaged to Negro veteran 

10: 0739 

mulatto child in Great Britain 10: 0538 

Induction 

conscientious objectors 3: 1125 

physical requirements 10: 0165 

see also Enlistment; Recruitment 

Infantry Officer's Candidate School 

applications 11: 1240 

Insurance 

civilian obstruction of military claims 10: 0342 

health 8: 0474 

war 8: 0474 

see also Disability claims 

Italy 

cartoon of Negro soldiers 2: 0001 


Japan 

Negro troop performance 7: 1194 

racial discrimination 7: 0636 

racial violence 2: 0711 

Japanese-Americans 


Legislation 

assaults against federal officers 7: 0210 

education 8: 0211 

employment 8: 0211 

health care 8: 0211 

housing 8: 0211 

lynching 8: 0211 

National Security Act of 1947 12: 0738 

poll tax 8: 0211 

segregation in District of Columbia 7: 0210 

Loans 

denial of G.I. loans 8: 0332, 0474 

NAACP conferences 7: 0337, 0474 

regulations on G.I. loans 8: 0757 

speeches 12: 0366, 0504 

VA 7: 0088, 0884 

Logistics 

assignments 

American Graves Registration Service 

2: 0043; 10: 1171 

general 2: 0438; 4: 0059, 1317; 8: 1129; 

11: 0001 

specialists to nonskilled positions 1: 0930; 

7: 0738; 10: 0739-1171; 12: 0059 

theaters of operation 10: 0646; 12: 0059 

U.S. Navy 11: 0924; 12: 0001 

WACs 11: 0675, 1133; 12: 0934 

Women's Army Auxiliary Corps recruiters 

7: 0001 

deployment--general 2: 0097; 7: 0337, 0474 

deployment--theaters of operation 1: 0707; 

7: 0210; 11: 0675 

location 8: 0104, 0211 

transfers 

combat to noncombat 10: 1171; 11: 0192 

integrated combat to segregated service 

7: 0337; 10: 0646; 12: 0059 

racial quotas 12: 0934 

requests 10: 0981-1282; 11: 1133, 1240 

retaliation 1: 0757; 6: 1043; 10: 0981; 

11: 1240 

specialists to unskilled positions 10: 0646, 

0981 

see also Demobilization; Transportation 

Loyalty hearings 

instructions to intelligence officers about 

NAACP 8: 1022 

NAACP opposition 8: 0104 

Naval Supply Center cases 8: 0879, 0916 

Navy Department Loyalty Appeal Board 

8: 0879 

Lynching 

legislations: 0211 

Negro soldiers 2: 0097; 4: 0591; 8: 0940, 1022 

Marcantonio, Vito 

2: 0855 

Marriage 

court-martial for Negro attempting to marry 

Caucasian 10: 0739 

Panamanian wives 2: 0043 

U.S. Air Force interracial policy 11: 0754 

U.S. Army interracial policy 10: 0739, 0981, 

1282; 11: 0754 

see also Fraternization 

Marshall Plan 

8: 1129

Medical workers 

commission applications 2: 0438; 7: 0884; 

11: 0675 

resignations 8: 0759 

transfers 12: 0934 

VA 12: 0934 

Military Order of the Purple Heart 

8: 0474 

see also Citations 

Military police 

demotion despite acquittal 4: 0591 

see a/so Police brutality 

NAACP, chapters 

appointments--veterans' committee chairmen 

1: 0001, 0198 

Baltimore--investigations 2: 0246 

empbyment of parolees 2: 0751 

veterans' affairs duties 7: 0088 

NAACP, national office 

case records 1: 0499; 2: 0695; 9: 0657 

conferences 7: 0337. 0474; 8: 0104, 1022; 

12: 0903 

conscription opposition 8: 0001, 0211 

employment assistant for paroled veterans 

11: 0239 

failure to register with VA 9: 0059 

investigations 2: 0246, 0382; 7: 0088, 0210, 

0884, 0999; 10: 0497, 0981 

loyalty hearings--NAACP recruitment within 

military 8: 0916 

membership campaign 7: 0999 

press releases 12: 0504 

proposed support for segregated veterans' 

organizations 7: 0210 

representation of veterans' disability claims 

9: 0502; 10: 0342 

survey--college attendance 12: 1125 

survey--VA 6: 1295 

veterans' bureau 

closing 8: 0104, 0211, 1129 

duties 7: 0088, 0337, 0999; 8: 0001 

secretary powers 7: 0636, 1194 

secretary salary 7: 0884 

see also NAACP, chapters 

National Guard 

integration 8: 0940 

wartime federalization 8: 0104 

National Medical Association 

7: 0337 

National Negro Business League 

8: 0332 

National Security Act 

see Legislation 

National Security Council 

12: 0738 

Naval Operational Development Center 

racial incident 1: 1165 

New Orleans Port of Embarkation 

2: 0246 

92nd Infantry 


transfer of noncommissioned officers 10: 1171 

Noncommissioned officers 

assignments 1: 0523 

brutality against recruits 11: 0001 

protests against discrimination 4: 0059; 

8: 0940; 11: 0360 


Norfolk Receiving Station 

1: 1165 

ocs applications 1: 0523; 11: 0924, 1240; 12: 0059 

appointments 1: 0349; 2: 0001; 11: 0869 

deployment of candidates 11: 0675 

transportation corps 2: 0246 

see also Infantry Officer's Candidate School 

Officers 

Caucasian--assaults on Negroes 1: 0676; 

4: 0894; 11: 0754, 1240; 12: 0059, 0348 

Caucasian--promotion of Negroes 11: 0924 

Negro 

appointments 7: 0884 

arrests 11: 0869 

assignment discrimination 1: 0757 

commission applications 2: 0438; 7: 0884; 

10: 0739; 11: 0360, 0924 

declared surplus 7: 0210 

promotions 11: 0557 

reenlistment--officers as noncoms 11: 0360 

see also OCS; Promotbns; Training 

Panama 

native wives of Negroes 2: 0043 

Pension 


cancellations for dependents 10: 0193 

claims--general 9: 0001-10: 0497 

guardians appointed for mentally ill 8: 0759; 

10: 0095; 12: 0934 

increase by Congress 10: 0193 


Philippines 

2: 0043 

Physicians 

see Medical workers 

Police 

see Civilian police; Military police; Police 

brutality

Police brutality 

civilian 1: 0349, 1094, 1165; 6: 0068; 8: 1022; 

10: 1171; 11: 0192. 0239. 0675-0869, 1133 

military 1: 0930; 2: 0043. 0097, 0438; 3: 0224; 

4: 0591; 8: 0104, 1022; 9: 0292,1087; 

10: 1171; 11: 0001, 0239, 0360, 0754, 

1240; 12: 0001, 0059 

prison 1: 0334; 2: 0097; 11: 1133, 1240 

Poll tax 


Powell, Adam Clayton 

12: 0738 

President's Commission on Universal Military 

Training 

12: 0738 

President's Committee on Universal Military 

Training 


Prisoners 

assaults 1: 0334; 11: 1133, 1240 

incarceration declared AWOL 10: 1171 

shootings 2: 0097 

stockade conditions 1: 0349; 6: 1043 

Prisoners of war 

care for Germans compared to Negroes 

11: 0192 

Promotions 

general 2: 0438; 11: 0360, 0557, 1133 

recommendations 10: 0646 

retaliations against 11: 0924 

Racial distribution 

segregation data 12: 0504 

statistics--military branches 7: 0210 

Racial violence 

incidents 1: 1094, 1165; 11: 0924 

riots 

Camp Claiborne 1: 0436 

Camp Livingston 1: 1008 

Camp Peary 7: 0210 

Fort Lawton 1: 1008 

Fort Warren 12: 0059 

general 4: 0141 

Japan 2: 0711 

see also Officers; Police brutality 

Rankin, John E. 

conference to remove from office 7: 0636 

Rape 

civil arrests 10: 0538 

civil convictions 6: 0226; 8: 0940 

see also Courts-martial; Germany; Lynchings 

Recreation 

see Entertainment 

Recruitment 

Caucasian soldiers to European theater 

7: 0636, 0738 

Negro officers 7: 0999 

Red Cross 

9: 1087; 12: 0504 

Religion 

see Church 

Riots 

see Racial violence 

Rosenwald Fund 

7: 0474 

Salvation Army 

7: 0001 

Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan 

2: 0097 

School of Military Government 

11: 0001 

2nd Calvary Division 

conditions 12: 0001 

Secretary of War's Board on Correction of 

Military Records 

constitution 6: 0647; 7: 0999 

Secretary of War's Board on Officer-Enlisted 

Man Relationships 

reports 7: 0738 

Secretary of War's Discharge Review Board 

decisions 6: 1255; 7: 0210 

Selective service 

7: 0088 

Senate Armed Services Committee 


Senate Committee on Foreign Relations 

8: 1129 

Signal Photographic Corps 


Southern Regional Council 

report on veterans 1: 0001, 0198 

Stockades 

see Prisoners 

Terminal leave bonds 

1: 0198 

see also Discharges 

Training 

combat 1: 0349 

officer 7: 0636; 11: 0192 

specialist 1: 0523, 1094; 11: 0001, 0675. 0754, 

0869, 1133 

Transportation 

civilian segregation 1: 0349; 11: 0675, 1133 

delays during demobilization 10: 0538 

military segregation 1: 0436, 1094; 2: 0097; 

11: 0001, 0557, 0924 

U.S. Army policy 8: 1022 

U.S. Navy 7: 0474

Unemployment compensation 


denials 5: 0427; 8: 0474; 9: 0682, 0878, 1116; 

10: 0033 

speeches 12: 0366, 0504 

United Service Organizations 

10: 0538 

Universal military training 

see Conscription 

U.S. Air Force 

Air Force Discharge Review Board 5: 0693, 

0990; 6: 0468 

interracial marriage policy 11: 0754 

racial policy 8: 0940 


see also Bases, air force; U.S. Army Air Corps 

U.S. Army 

Army Board on Correction of Military Records 

5: 0245; 6: 0032, 0068 

Army Recreational Service 11: 1240 

Army Specialized Training Program 10: 0981 

directives--discrimination 8: 1022 

European theater--racial relations 7: 0001, 

0884, 0999 

European theater--troop performance 

12: 0738 

interracial marriage policy 10: 0739, 0981, 

1282; 11: 0557 

NAACP investigation of camps 7: 0088, 0210 

parachute units 7: 0001 

pension cancellations 10: 0193 


see a/so Camps, army; Department of Army; 

Forts, army; Officers; Signal Photographic 

Corps; U.S. Army Air Corps; Veterinary 

Corps Reserves; WAC 

U.S. Army Air Corps 


Army Air Force Band 11: 0557 

assignment discrimination 7: 0001; 12: 0059 

interracial marriage policy 11: 0754 

see also Fields, Army Air Corps 

U.S. Army Air Force 

see U.S. Army Air Corps 

U.S. Coast Guard 

discharge reviews 5: 0020, 1140; 6: 0647 

U.S. Marine Corps 

discharges 5: 0427; 11: 1240 

racial quotas 10: 0739 

U.S. Navy 

Academic Refresher Unit (V-7) 11: 0192 

Board for the Correction of Naval Records 

5: 0001; 6: 0001 

Board of Review 5: 0566; 6: 0127 

healthcare 10: 0739 

Naval Operating Training School 11: 0754 

Naval Supply Center 8: 0879, 0916 

Naval Training and Distribution Center 2: 0523 

seabees 5: 0566; 11: 0754 

segregation 

assignments 11: 0001 

general data 12: 0504 


stewards 5: 0693; 10: 0646; 11: 0192; 12: 0001 

U.S.S. Croafan 7: 0474 

see also Department of Navy; U.S. Marine 

Corps; Women Accepted for Volunteer 

Emergency Services (WAVES) 

U.S. Post Office 

7: 0738 

VA 

appointments 7: 0001 

benefits--claim denials 9: 0878, 1259; 

10: 0001, 0438 

benefits--general 9: 0292-0584, 0727; 

10: 0126 

Board of Veterans Appeals 9: 0502 

certification of college applications 8: 0332, 

0474 

civil rights conferences 7: 0474; 12: 0903 

dependency guidelines 9: 0960 

disability percentage 9: 0682, 1047, 1116; 

10: 0342 

employment of Negroes 6: 1295; 7: 0999; 

8: 0001; 9: 1004; 10: 0126, 0193; 12: 0738- 

0934 


hospital funding 7: 0474 

loan applications 7: 0088, 0884 

NAACP hiring investigation 7: 0999 

NAACP hospital investigation 7: 0884 

registration of veterans' organizations 9: 0059 

resignation of Negro physicians 8: 0759 

Retirement Board 10: 0739 

vocational school funding 8: 0001, 0474; 

9: 1116; 10: 0283 

see also Handicapped veterans; Hospitals 

Veterans Justice Committee 

8: 0104; 9: 1087 

Veterans League of America 

12: 0738 

Veterinary Corps Reserves 


Vocational schools 

certification 9: 0878, 1116 

formation--southern 8: 0474 

see also Education

WAC 

assignment 7: 0001; 11: 0675, 1133; 12: 0934 

band deactivation 1: 0523 

courts-martial 2: 0917; 8: 1022; 10: 0646 

discharges 5: 0693, 0879; 7: 0210 

harassment 1: 0436, 0676 

health care 2: 0097 


parades 11: 1133 

police brutality 11: 0869 


transportation 1: 0436 

see also Women's Army Auxiliary Corps 

War Department 

see Department of War 

White, Walter 

reports on racial relations 7: 0001; 8: 0104 

speeches 8: 1022 

testimony--conscription 12: 0738 

testimony--Marshall Plan 8: 1129 

Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency 

Services (WAVES) 


Women's Army Auxiliary Corps 

5: 0879; 7: 0001

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