2011 - Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences ...

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INNOVATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM The CIRES Innovative Research Program (IRP) encourages novel, unconventional or fundamental research that might otherwise be difficult to fund. Funded projects are inventive, sometimes opportunistic and do not necessarily have an immediate practical application or guarantee of success. This program supports pilot or exploratory studies, which may include instrument development, lab testing, field observations or model advancement. There were six IRP winners in 2011. Secondary organic aerosol formation from evaporated crude oil Joost de Gouw (CIRES) and Jose-Luis Jimenez (CIRES) In this project, the evaporation of crude oil and the subsequent formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the resulting hydrocarbons are studied in the laboratory. The study simulates the formation of organic aerosol observed downwind from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, which was attributed to hydrocarbons of a specific range in vapor pressures. The objective of the study is to find which hydrocarbons in crude oil are most important for SOA formation in the polluted atmosphere and how these precursors and products can be measured with state-of-the-art instruments. 78 CIRES Annual Report 2011 NOAA BEN MILLER A novel cryogenic analyte preconcentration module for trace gas and isotopic analyses Ben R. Miller (CIRES/ESRL GMD), Jason Winokur (INSTAAR), Bruce Vaughn (INSTAAR), Steve Montzka (CIRES/ESRL GMD) and Pieter Tans (CIRES/ESRL GMD) A new air sample preconcentration technology, applicable to atmospheric trace gas and isotopic analyses, is being developed to enhance the ability to increase signal-to-noise ratios, remove interferences and add new compounds to the suite of current species. This development will allow the researchers to analyze a wider range of sample types and characteristics, with improved precision and calibration accuracy. Results are expected to improve the study of the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances.
SARAH LANCE A stream of water droplets are generated with a piezo electric device, each with a diameter of about 30 microns and with a high degree of uniformity. Contact freezing on demand: Measurement of contact nuclei with a novel instrument using single droplets levitated in an optical trap Sara Lance (CIRES/ESRL CSD), Margaret Tolbert (CIRES) and Josh Gordon (NIST) Freezing of cloud droplets in the temperature range 0°C to -40°C depends on the properties of aerosol particles acting as ice nuclei (IN). “Contact nucleation,” which occurs when a supercooled liquid droplet and IN particle collide, can occur at much warmer temperatures than other freezing mechanisms and may, therefore, have great importance for the phase partitioning of clouds. The researchers are developing an instrument for laboratory experiments of contact nucleation, based on the precise control and detection of individual contact events, which will provide the basis for establishing a program to investigate this ice-formation mechanism. A test of the role of mixotrophy in regulation of nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria James H. McCutchan, Jr. (CIRES) and William M. Lewis, Jr. (CIRES) Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are important primary producers in aquatic environments and dominate photosynthetic production in the open ocean and in many lakes. Through the work proposed here, the researchers seek to better understand some of the factors controlling cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation in lakes. Information derived from this work will be particularly important as demand grows for production of algal biofuels, and a better understanding of controls on nitrogen fixation also will contribute to the knowledge of the global nitrogen cycle and nutrient limitation in aquatic ecosystems. Anabaenopsis elenkenii, which dominated Little Gaynor Lake in 2007–2008. The little ball at the end of each string of cells is a heterocyst, which is where nitrogen fixation occurs. Recently, Little Gaynor Lake has been dominated by Arthrospira, which is also a member of the cyanobacteria but lacks heterocysts. Marrying a frequency-agile Fe Doppler lidar with a multi-frequency etalon-based edge-filter for profiling the whole atmosphere wind and temperature Xinzhao Chu (CIRES), John A. Smith (CIRES student) and Wentao Huang (CIRES) Collaborators: Mike Hardesty (CIRES/ESRL-CSD) and Hanli Liu (NCAR) The investigators plan to install a narrowband lidar receiver in a mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) to extend measurements of wind, temperature and perhaps aerosol concentration to the stratosphere and troposphere. It’s hoped that this novel receiver design, in conjunction with 3-frequency resonance fluorescence measurements of the MLT, will evolve into a receiver capable of performing routine measurements of wind and temperature through the entire neutral atmosphere. Such measurements promise to greatly expand our understanding of the coupling and dynamics of atmospheric regions. Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm near Denmark VATTENFALL Developing a lower boundary layer radar for renewable energy research Christopher R. Williams (CIRES), Laura Bianco (CIRES), Paul E. Johnston (CIRES), Daniel C. Law (ESRL CSD) and Scott E. Palo (CU Aerospace Engineering) This project will develop a Lower Boundary Layer (LBL) radar capable of estimating the horizontal wind and turbulence from 20 m to over 1 km above ground level with a 10-m vertical resolution. This new radar will use Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (LFMCW) radar technology enabling fine vertical resolution close to the ground. The researchers call this radar a LFMCW-LBL radar. CIRES Annual Report 2011 79
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COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH
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2 CIRES Annual Report 2011 From the
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Executive Summary and Research High
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which is a learning community and m
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and community preparedness and disa
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10 CIRES Annual Report 2011 Year in
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Council of Fellows n Waleed Abdalat
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Organization The Cooperative Instit
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CREATING A DYNAMIC RESEARCH ENVIRON
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DAVID OONK/CIRES CIRES Director Kon
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CIRES Communications It has long be
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22 CIRES Annual Report 2011 People&
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Richard Armstrong The Glaciers and
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Roger Bilham Block Bounding Bookshe
Page 30 and 31: John Cassano Polar Climate and Mete
Page 32 and 33: Xinzhao Chu LIDAR Research Campaign
Page 34 and 35: Joost de Gouw Sources and Chemistry
Page 36 and 37: Lang Farmer Development of a Microi
Page 38 and 39: Baylor Fox-Kemper Improving Subgrid
Page 40 and 41: Craig Jones Understanding the Origi
Page 42 and 43: Peter Molnar Tibet and the Asian Mo
Page 44 and 45: David Noone A Modern Approach to Pa
Page 46 and 47: Judith Perlwitz Exploring Mechanism
Page 48 and 49: Balaji Rajagopalan with graduate st
Page 50 and 51: Mark C. Serreze Rapid Arctic Change
Page 52 and 53: Robert Sievers Innovative Vaccine D
Page 54 and 55: Margaret Tolbert Laboratory Studies
Page 56 and 57: Greg Tucker Is Climate Change Etche
Page 58 and 59: Rainer Volkamer Simulation Chamber
Page 60 and 61: Carol Wessman with graduate student
Page 62 and 63: SCIENTIFIC CENTERS n Center for Lim
Page 64 and 65: Center for Science and Technology P
Page 66 and 67: Climate Diagnostics Center The miss
Page 68 and 69: Earth Science and Observation Cente
Page 70 and 71: National Snow and Ice Data Center T
Page 72 and 73: WESTERN WATER ASSESSMENT n Impacts
Page 74 and 75: EDUCATION AND OUTREACH n Climate Sc
Page 76 and 77: VISITING FELLOWS With partial spons
Page 78 and 79: Faezeh Nick Sabbatical Ph.D., Insti
Page 82 and 83: GRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS CIRES
Page 84 and 85: CSD-01 083 CSD-02 093 CSD-03 108 CS
Page 86 and 87: Figure 1: Simplified schematic show
Page 88 and 89: Pichugina, YL, RM Banta, WA Brewer,
Page 90 and 91: NGDC-02MarineGeophysicsDataStewards
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Page 94 and 95: The SEAESRT (Space, Environmental E
Page 96 and 97: 1. The spatial Figure distribution
Page 98 and 99: Figure 1: Sea surface height (SSH)
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Page 102 and 103: workflows that make use of SPIDR’
Page 104 and 105: PSD-10CloudandAerosolProcesses FEDE
Page 106 and 107: Milestone 3. Apply a CloudSat metho
Page 108 and 109: CLIMATESYSTEMVARIABILITY CSV-01 Det
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Page 116 and 117: Milestone 4. Analyze balloon-borne
Page 118 and 119: GMD-05OzoneDepletion FEDERAL LEADS:
Page 120 and 121: feedbacks, on the SSTs in the model
Page 122 and 123: Milestone 1. Add additional glacier
Page 124 and 125: Several climate-monitoring products
Page 126 and 127: atmospheric removal of methylglyoxa
Page 128 and 129: Figure 1: Global image of the Radia
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profiling radars with radio acousti
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RP-04 Intercontinental Transport an
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ates can be understood by productio
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Milestone 3. Maintain a constituent
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stakeholders and decision makers as
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Milestone 3. Explore the expanding
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140 CIRES Annual Report 2011 Measur
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Refereed Publications, 2010 Abdalat
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Brunt, KM, HA Fricker, L Padman, TA
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Phys., 10(10), 4795-4807, doi: 10.5
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of Arapaho Glacier, Front Range, Co
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to nutrients in streams and rivers
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Moritz, MA, TJ Moody, MA Krawchuk,
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with a first-guess approach, J. Geo
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stable water isotopes in climate mo
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G Keppel-Aleks, EA Kort, R Macatang
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Non-Refereed Publications, 2010 Ale
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and DZ Friday (2010), Digital eleva
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Refereed Journals in which CIRES Sc
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Honors and Awards, 2010 Abdalati, W
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Conferences, Workshops, Events, Pre
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170 CIRES Annual Report 2011 Append
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Acronyms 20CR Twentieth Century Rea
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ESRL Earth System Research Laborato
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MERRA Modern Era Retrospective-Anal
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SXI Solar X-ray Imager TES Total Em
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