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Faezeh Nick Sabbatical Ph.D., Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, The Netherlands Projects: Numerical modeling of Greenland outlet glaciers and the implementation of calving criteria in 3-D ice sheet models Faezeh Nick is a postdoctoral researcher at the IMAU and at the Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, in Belgium. While at CIRES, she will collaborate with Konrad Steffen’s group to investigate how Greenland’s outlet glaciers—fast-flowing tongues of ice that extend from the main ice sheet—contribute to the loss of ice mass into the ocean and rising sea levels. The Greenland ice sheet is changing significantly in coastal regions, with several of its outlet glaciers thinning and retreating. Icebergs calving off these outlet glaciers account for an estimated half of the ice transferred from the ice sheet into the ocean. Using CIRES data on the Greenland ice sheet’s velocity and net mass loss, Nick will refine models to account for the unique dynamics of these narrow, fast-flowing outlet glaciers. Successful results will allow scientists to more accurately predict future ice sheet changes and sea level rise. Sponsor: Konrad Steffen Francis Poulin Sabbatical Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology Project: Western intensification in the ocean by submesoscale dynamics Francis Poulin is an assistant professor in applied mathematics at the University of Waterloo. His main research interest is geophysical fluid dynamics. Poulin investigates the large-scale dynamics of the ocean, with an emphasis on exploring the instability of currents. While at CIRES, Poulin will work with Baylor Fox- Kemper’s research group to look at wind-generated ocean gyre circulations. Unrelenting winds that pummel the ocean cause the surface water to begin to flow at about 2 percent of the wind speed and pile up in mounds. These large mounds of water and the flow around them— gyres—produce large circular currents in ocean basins. By using high-resolution, accurate numerical simulations, Poulin hopes to elucidate the energy cascade in the western boundary current and to develop parameters that will help improve the accuracy of General Circulation Models. Sponsor: Baylor Fox-Kemper 76 CIRES Annual Report 2011 Delores Robinson Sabbatical Ph.D., University of Arizona Project: How does erosion affect mountain building? Delores Robinson is an associate professor at the University of Alabama. She studies how mountain belts grow and change in different environments—evolving from colliding plates to mature ranges. While at CIRES, she will work with Peter Molnar, Greg Tucker, Roger Bilham and Anne Sheehan to investigate the role erosion plays in orogeny (mountain building). Rivers, rain, freeze-thaw cycles and other forms of erosion displace rocks, changing the landscape’s gravitational and frictional balance and, hence, the way the mountain range evolves. Using the Himalaya as her laboratory, Robinson will employ landscape-evolution modeling, data from seismograph stations and numerical experiments to examine how erosion interacts with tectonics. The project will result in an integrated cross-section of the Tibetan Himalaya that quantitatively accounts for how erosion has altered the surface and subsurface anatomy. Sponsor: Peter Molnar Laurel Saito Sabbatical Ph.D., Colorado State University Project: Interdisciplinary modeling for climate change impacts on water resources at Shasta Lake Laurel Saito is an associate professor in the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science at the University of Nevada, Reno. Her research focuses on water-resources management—specifically, how climatic factors and human activities, such as reservoirs, wastewater discharge and agriculture, affect aquatic ecosystems. While at CIRES, Saito will collaborate with Balaji Rajagopalan in the Environmental Observations, Modeling and Forecasting Division, as well as with researchers at the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research, Western Water Assessment and the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research. Her research will focus on simulating how fish might respond to climate change and altered reservoir operations. Saito will combine this information with stochastic weather generation approaches used by CIRES scientists to gain insight into how climate affects the sustainability of fisheries impacted by reservoir operations. In addition, she will contribute the models she is using to INSTAAR’s Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System (CSDMS). Sponsor: Balaji Rajagopalan
James Sickman Sabbatical Ph.D., University of California, Santa Barbara Project: Inter-decadal variability in aquatic ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada; a synthesis of the 30-year record from Emerald Lake, Sequoia National Park James Sickman is an associate professor of hydrology at the University of California, Riverside. His research interests include global environmental change, biogeochemistry, limnology and environmental isotopes. Over the last 30 years, he has been compiling long-term hydrochemical data (such as pH, alkalinity and nutrient levels) on remote watersheds and lakes in the Sierra Nevada. While at CIRES, he will work with William Lewis, director of the Center for Limnology, to synthesize and analyze that data. His objective is to better understand how changes in precipitation and global climate affect the hydrochemistry and primary productivity (the manufacture of organic molecules via photosynthesis and chemosynthesis) of high-altitude aquatic ecosystems. In dry regions, like the Sierra Nevada, the amount of rain and snow varies widely with season, year, locale and other factors, so these watersheds are especially responsive to environmental changes, such as warming or fluctuations in snowpack dynamics (depth, duration of snow cover and time of snowmelt in the spring). One main product of Sickman’s work will be a book on Sierra Nevada lakes and aquatic ecosystems, written with his co-investigator, John Melack, at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and other colleagues. Sponsor: William Lewis Y. Heidi Yoon Postdoctoral Ph.D., University of Wisconsin at Madison Project: Spectroscopic studies of Titan particles Heidi Yoon is working in Margaret Tolbert’s group characterizing the optical properties of the aerosol particles in the atmosphere of Saturn’s moon Titan. She will use spectroscopy to study how laboratory analogs of the particles absorb and scatter different wavelengths of light. The aerosol particles in Titan’s atmosphere form a hydrocarbon haze that affects the moon’s surface and air temperatures. These particles absorb most of the incident sunlight—keeping it from reaching the surface—but weakly absorb infrared radiation, allowing thermal heat to escape. Both properties cool the moon’s surface. Recent work has suggested that early Earth may have had a Titan-like haze, so characterizing the optical properties of that haze is essential for understanding both Titan and early Earth. Sponsor: Margaret Tolbert Dirk van As Sabbatical Ph.D., Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research in Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, The Netherlands Project: Merging Greenland automatic weather station networks for increased accuracy in ice sheet surface mass balance estimates Dirk van As is a senior scientist at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) in Copenhagen. He studies interactions (such as melting) between the ice and the atmosphere on the Greenland ice sheet. While at CIRES, he will work with Konrad Steffen’s group to investigate the Greenland ice sheet’s surface mass budget—the annual difference between the mass of snow and ice that accumulates and the mass that ablates via melting, evaporation and wind erosion. The Greenland ice sheet is losing mass at an accelerating rate, contributing to global sea level rise—a phenomenon that could affect millions of people living on coastal areas around the world. Getting an accurate picture of the ice sheet’s stability and melt rates can help scientists and policy makers better predict future changes and take appropriate action. Toward this end, Van As will integrate data from the CIRES weather station network in the high regions of the ice sheet and the GEUS network in the lower regions—for a total of more than 30 weather stations—to produce a spatial distribution of temperature, humidity, solar radiation and other parameters crucial for validating the regional climate models that calculate melt. Sponsor: Konrad Steffen CIRES Annual Report 2011 77
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COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH
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2 CIRES Annual Report 2011 From the
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Executive Summary and Research High
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which is a learning community and m
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and community preparedness and disa
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10 CIRES Annual Report 2011 Year in
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Council of Fellows n Waleed Abdalat
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Organization The Cooperative Instit
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CREATING A DYNAMIC RESEARCH ENVIRON
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DAVID OONK/CIRES CIRES Director Kon
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CIRES Communications It has long be
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22 CIRES Annual Report 2011 People&
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Richard Armstrong The Glaciers and
Page 28 and 29: Roger Bilham Block Bounding Bookshe
Page 30 and 31: John Cassano Polar Climate and Mete
Page 32 and 33: Xinzhao Chu LIDAR Research Campaign
Page 34 and 35: Joost de Gouw Sources and Chemistry
Page 36 and 37: Lang Farmer Development of a Microi
Page 38 and 39: Baylor Fox-Kemper Improving Subgrid
Page 40 and 41: Craig Jones Understanding the Origi
Page 42 and 43: Peter Molnar Tibet and the Asian Mo
Page 44 and 45: David Noone A Modern Approach to Pa
Page 46 and 47: Judith Perlwitz Exploring Mechanism
Page 48 and 49: Balaji Rajagopalan with graduate st
Page 50 and 51: Mark C. Serreze Rapid Arctic Change
Page 52 and 53: Robert Sievers Innovative Vaccine D
Page 54 and 55: Margaret Tolbert Laboratory Studies
Page 56 and 57: Greg Tucker Is Climate Change Etche
Page 58 and 59: Rainer Volkamer Simulation Chamber
Page 60 and 61: Carol Wessman with graduate student
Page 62 and 63: SCIENTIFIC CENTERS n Center for Lim
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Page 66 and 67: Climate Diagnostics Center The miss
Page 68 and 69: Earth Science and Observation Cente
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Page 72 and 73: WESTERN WATER ASSESSMENT n Impacts
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Page 80 and 81: INNOVATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM The CIR
Page 82 and 83: GRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS CIRES
Page 84 and 85: CSD-01 083 CSD-02 093 CSD-03 108 CS
Page 86 and 87: Figure 1: Simplified schematic show
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Page 94 and 95: The SEAESRT (Space, Environmental E
Page 96 and 97: 1. The spatial Figure distribution
Page 98 and 99: Figure 1: Sea surface height (SSH)
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Page 120 and 121: feedbacks, on the SSTs in the model
Page 122 and 123: Milestone 1. Add additional glacier
Page 124 and 125: Several climate-monitoring products
Page 126 and 127: atmospheric removal of methylglyoxa
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Figure 1: Global image of the Radia
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profiling radars with radio acousti
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RP-04 Intercontinental Transport an
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ates can be understood by productio
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Milestone 3. Maintain a constituent
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stakeholders and decision makers as
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Milestone 3. Explore the expanding
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140 CIRES Annual Report 2011 Measur
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Refereed Publications, 2010 Abdalat
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Brunt, KM, HA Fricker, L Padman, TA
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Phys., 10(10), 4795-4807, doi: 10.5
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of Arapaho Glacier, Front Range, Co
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to nutrients in streams and rivers
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Moritz, MA, TJ Moody, MA Krawchuk,
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with a first-guess approach, J. Geo
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stable water isotopes in climate mo
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G Keppel-Aleks, EA Kort, R Macatang
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Non-Refereed Publications, 2010 Ale
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and DZ Friday (2010), Digital eleva
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Refereed Journals in which CIRES Sc
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Honors and Awards, 2010 Abdalati, W
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Conferences, Workshops, Events, Pre
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170 CIRES Annual Report 2011 Append
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Acronyms 20CR Twentieth Century Rea
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ESRL Earth System Research Laborato
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MERRA Modern Era Retrospective-Anal
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SXI Solar X-ray Imager TES Total Em
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