2011 - Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences ...

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Xinzhao Chu LIDAR Research Campaign at McMurdo, Antarctica FUNDING: NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION (POLAR PROGRAMS; MAJOR RESEARCH INSTRUMENTATION; CAREER; AND AERONOMY) The FY11 has been a remarkable year for the Chu Research Group. We received the Best Poster Paper Award at the 25th International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC)—the highest-level lidar conference—in July 2010 in St. Petersburg, Russia; conducted a successful lidar campaign at McMurdo (78°S), Antarctica; and achieved significant scientific discoveries in the polar atmosphere study. The lidar technology development we made for the Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) Fe Doppler lidar is truly innovative and will bring the resonance lidar and science research to the next generation. We also achieved great success in the lidar installation and research campaign at McMurdo Station in Antarctica, under the support of National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs funding. Research associate Wentao Huang and graduate students gained their first-ever experience in such a special and harsh environment as the Antarctic. Overcoming many expected and unexpected difficulties and challenges, the lidar team finally achieved its first Fe signal on Dec. 16, 2010, and collected numerous valuable data in the austral summer and then continued into the winter. Papers on the results of our discoveries in progress. It was also a year for graduate students to blossom. Ph.D. student Chihoko Yamashita won the Coupling, Energetics, and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions (CEDAR) first-place prize in the student poster competition at an NSF workshop in Santa Fe, N.M., on June 30, 2011. In doing so, she made history at CEDAR by becoming the only student who has won three student prizes in three consecutive years (2009–2011). Ph.D. student Zhibin Yu bravely took the first winter-over scientist position for the Antarctic lidar campaign. He is the first grantee winter-over at McMurdo in the last 22 years. Zhibin has done a fantastic job in collecting a large amount of lidar data. Because of his work, the austral winter 2011 is the most successful winter that we have ever had in the last 12 years of lidar expedition in Antarctica. Ph.D. students Zhang Wang and Weichun Fong made significant contributions to the success of the McMurdo lidar project by leading the upgrade 30 CIRES Annual Report 2011 A happy moment when the first Fe signals were achieved at McMurdo. From left: Wentao Huang, Xinzhao Chu, Weichun Fong, Zhibin Yu and John A. Smith. PHOTO BY BY ZHIBIN YU Two lidar beams shoot into the Antarctic sky from Arrival Heights, McMurdo, in May 2011. MRI lidar won the Chu Group a Best Poster Award at ILRC. of the lidar at Boulder, Colo., and participating in the lidar installation and data collection at McMurdo. Weichun Fong also worked with Wentao Huang to improve the Student Atmospheric Resonance (STAR) Na lidar. Ph.D. student John A. Smith led master student Brendan Roberts and undergraduate Aaron Holt to significantly improve the Na signal levels of the STAR Na Doppler lidar from the original 70 counts per shot to an unbelievable level: 800 counts per shot. Ph.D. student Cao (Chris) Chen is making valuable contributions to the spectral analysis of McMurdo lidar data and science study. He is going to be the second courageous winter-over scientist for McMurdo.
Shelley Copley The Origin of the PCP-Degradation Genes in Sphingbobium chlorophenolicum L-1 FUNDING: NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH The pesticide pentachlorophenol (PCP) is listed as a Priority Pollutant by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency due to its toxicity and persistence in the environment. Sphingobium chlorophenolicum, a bacterium isolated from a PCPcontaminated site, has patched together a poorly functioning pathway (left figure) that allows mineralization of PCP, although degradation is slow and the bacterium cannot grow at high concentrations of PCP. We recently sequenced the genome of S. chlorophenolicum L-1. Comparison of this sequence with that of the closely related Sphingobium japonicum, which degrades lindane, provides insights into the origins of the PCP degradation genes. The right figure shows a map of chromosome 2 of S. chlorophenolicum. The locations of the PCP degradation genes are shown in blue on the second circle. Orange bars in the third circle show the positions of genes in S. chlorophenolicum that are also found in S. japonicum. The inner circle shows guanine-cytosine (GC) content. Gene segments that are acquired by horizontal gene transfer often have significantly different GC content. The genes pcpB and pcpD on one side of the chromosome and pcpC on the other side have no homologs in S. japonicum and are located in regions with low GC content. In contrast, pcpA and pcpE have closely related homologs in S. japonicum. Our analysis suggests that the first three enzymes in the pathway were acquired by S. chlorophenolicum by horizontal gene transfer in two separate events after it diverged from S. japonicum. In contrast, the last two enzymes in the pathway were present in the most recent common ancestor of S. chlorophenolicum and S. japonicum. None of the genes encoding the PCP degradation enzymes arose by duplication and divergence of ancestral genes within S. chlorophenolicum. The genes occur in two disparate parts of the genome and have not yet been integrated into a compact and consistently regulated operon. pcpE pcpA Left, a map of chromosome 2 of S. chlorophenolicum. Right, the PCP degradation pathway. pcpC pcpB and pcpD CHR2 CIRES Annual Report 2011 31
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Page 4 and 5: 2 CIRES Annual Report 2011 From the
Page 6 and 7: Executive Summary and Research High
Page 8 and 9: which is a learning community and m
Page 10 and 11: and community preparedness and disa
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Page 14 and 15: Council of Fellows n Waleed Abdalat
Page 16 and 17: Organization The Cooperative Instit
Page 18 and 19: CREATING A DYNAMIC RESEARCH ENVIRON
Page 20 and 21: DAVID OONK/CIRES CIRES Director Kon
Page 22 and 23: CIRES Communications It has long be
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Page 26 and 27: Richard Armstrong The Glaciers and
Page 28 and 29: Roger Bilham Block Bounding Bookshe
Page 30 and 31: John Cassano Polar Climate and Mete
Page 34 and 35: Joost de Gouw Sources and Chemistry
Page 36 and 37: Lang Farmer Development of a Microi
Page 38 and 39: Baylor Fox-Kemper Improving Subgrid
Page 40 and 41: Craig Jones Understanding the Origi
Page 42 and 43: Peter Molnar Tibet and the Asian Mo
Page 44 and 45: David Noone A Modern Approach to Pa
Page 46 and 47: Judith Perlwitz Exploring Mechanism
Page 48 and 49: Balaji Rajagopalan with graduate st
Page 50 and 51: Mark C. Serreze Rapid Arctic Change
Page 52 and 53: Robert Sievers Innovative Vaccine D
Page 54 and 55: Margaret Tolbert Laboratory Studies
Page 56 and 57: Greg Tucker Is Climate Change Etche
Page 58 and 59: Rainer Volkamer Simulation Chamber
Page 60 and 61: Carol Wessman with graduate student
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Page 72 and 73: WESTERN WATER ASSESSMENT n Impacts
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GRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS CIRES
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CSD-01 083 CSD-02 093 CSD-03 108 CS
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Figure 1: Simplified schematic show
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Pichugina, YL, RM Banta, WA Brewer,
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NGDC-02MarineGeophysicsDataStewards
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statistical measurements such as th
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The SEAESRT (Space, Environmental E
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1. The spatial Figure distribution
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Figure 1: Sea surface height (SSH)
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unning at NWS and a backup at the G
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workflows that make use of SPIDR’
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PSD-10CloudandAerosolProcesses FEDE
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Milestone 3. Apply a CloudSat metho
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CLIMATESYSTEMVARIABILITY CSV-01 Det
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We greatly expanded the holdings in
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CSD-12EmissionsandAtmosphericCompos
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tolysis) and global warming potenti
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Milestone 4. Analyze balloon-borne
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GMD-05OzoneDepletion FEDERAL LEADS:
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feedbacks, on the SSTs in the model
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Milestone 1. Add additional glacier
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Several climate-monitoring products
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atmospheric removal of methylglyoxa
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Figure 1: Global image of the Radia
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profiling radars with radio acousti
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RP-04 Intercontinental Transport an
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ates can be understood by productio
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Milestone 3. Maintain a constituent
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stakeholders and decision makers as
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Milestone 3. Explore the expanding
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140 CIRES Annual Report 2011 Measur
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Refereed Publications, 2010 Abdalat
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Brunt, KM, HA Fricker, L Padman, TA
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Phys., 10(10), 4795-4807, doi: 10.5
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of Arapaho Glacier, Front Range, Co
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to nutrients in streams and rivers
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Moritz, MA, TJ Moody, MA Krawchuk,
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with a first-guess approach, J. Geo
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stable water isotopes in climate mo
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G Keppel-Aleks, EA Kort, R Macatang
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Non-Refereed Publications, 2010 Ale
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and DZ Friday (2010), Digital eleva
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Refereed Journals in which CIRES Sc
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Honors and Awards, 2010 Abdalati, W
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Conferences, Workshops, Events, Pre
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170 CIRES Annual Report 2011 Append
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Acronyms 20CR Twentieth Century Rea
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ESRL Earth System Research Laborato
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MERRA Modern Era Retrospective-Anal
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SXI Solar X-ray Imager TES Total Em
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