Contents - Faperta

72 Biotechnological Approaches for Pest Management and Ecological Sustainability
Conclusions
Variations in insect populations in space and time, infl uence of environmental factors on
behavior and biology of insects, plant growth, and biochemical composition are major
constraints in screening and breeding for resistance to insect pests. Diffi culties in mass
production of a large number of insect species for artifi cial infestation at the susceptible
stage of the crop hampers the development of crop cultivars with resistance to insect pests.
Techniques to screen for resistance to insects under fi eld conditions, artifi cial infestation,
greenhouse and laboratory conditions (no-choice cage screening, detached leaf assay, diet
impregnation assay, oviposition nonpreference, survival and development, consumption
and utilization of food, and monitoring physico-chemical traits and insect behavior) have
been developed for many insects. However, there is a need for standardizing protocols for
artifi cial rearing of insects and precise infestation and damage evaluation procedures to
generate quality data for evaluation of germplasm, segregating breeding materials, mapping
populations, and transgenic plants for resistance to insect pests.
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