Contents - Faperta

Contents vii
Leaf Disc or Pod/Boll Assay ................................................................................... 58
Oviposition Nonpreference ......................................................................................... 58
Diet Impregnation Assay to Assess Antibiosis ........................................................ 59
Bioassay of Transgenic Plants for Resistance to Insects ............................................... 60
Phenotyping Mapping Populations for Resistance to Insects ..................................... 62
Measurement of Host Plant Resistance to Insects ........................................................ 62
Visual Damage Rating .................................................................................................. 63
Indirect Feeding Injury ................................................................................................ 63
Simulated Feeding Injury ............................................................................................ 64
Association of Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Molecular Markers
with Insect Resistance .............................................................................................. 64
Sampling Insect Populations ....................................................................................... 64
Measurements of Yield and Quality .......................................................................... 68
Measurements of Insect Survival and Development ............................................... 68
Consumption and Utilization of Food ....................................................................... 68
Measurements of Insect Behavior .............................................................................. 69
Selection Indices ................................................................................................................. 70
Tolerance Index .............................................................................................................. 70
Loss in Grain Yield ....................................................................................................... 70
Relative Effi ciency Index .............................................................................................. 71
Fischer and Maurer’s Stress Susceptibility Index .................................................... 71
Fernandez Stress Tolerance Index .............................................................................. 71
Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 72
References ........................................................................................................................... 72
4. Host Plant Resistance to Insects: Potential and Limitations ................................... 83
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 83
Identifi cation and Utilization of Resistance ................................................................... 85
Wild Relatives of Crops as Sources of Resistance to Insects ....................................... 87
Inducible Resistance .......................................................................................................... 89
Factors Affecting Expression of Resistance to Insects .................................................. 91
Soil Moisture .................................................................................................................. 91
Plant Nutrition ............................................................................................................... 91
Temperature ................................................................................................................... 91
Photoperiod .................................................................................................................... 92
Insect Biotypes .............................................................................................................. 92
Infl uence of HPR on Pest Population Dynamics and Economic
Injury Levels ................................................................................................................... 92
Host Plant Resistance in Integrated Pest Management ................................................ 94
HPR as a Principal Method of Insect Control ........................................................... 94
HPR and Biological Control ......................................................................................... 98
Tritrophic Interactions ............................................................................................. 99
Compatibility of Plant Resistance and Biological Control ............................... 100
Incompatibility of Plant Resistance and Biological Control ............................. 101
Plant Resistance-Insect Pathogen Interaction .................................................... 102
Manipulation of Plant Characteristics to Increase the Effectiveness
of Natural Enemies ............................................................................................ 102
HPR and Cultural Control ......................................................................................... 102
Asynchrony Between Plant Growth and Insect Populations .......................... 103
Genetic Diversity .................................................................................................... 103