Contents - Faperta

Evaluation of Transgenic Plants and Mapping Populations for Resistance to Insect Pests 53
TABLE 3.3
Techniques to Screen for Resistance to Insect Pests under Greenhouse Conditions
Crop Insect Species Remarks References
Rice Yellow stem borer,
Scirpophaga incertulas
(Walker)
Leafhoppers,
Nilaparvata lugens
Sogatella furcifera
(Horvath)
Green leafhopper,
Nephotettix virescens
African rice gall
midge, Orseolia
oryzivora
Wheat Russian wheat aphid,
Diuraphis noxia
Maize Rice weevil, Sitophilus
oryzae (L.)
Corn earworm,
Helicoverpa zea
Sorghum Sorghum shoot fl y,
Atherigona soccata
Spotted stem borer,
Chilo partellus
Sorghum midge,
Stenodiplosis
sorghicola
Maize weevil,
Sitophilus zeamais
(Mots.)
Pearl millet Oriental armyworm,
Mythimna separata
Bermuda
grass
Fall armyworm,
Spodoptera frugiperda
Soybean Helicoverpa zea,
Heliothis virescens,
Pseudoplusia includens
(Walker)
Groundnut Tobacco caterpillar,
Spodoptera litura
Oil drum pots were found to be simple and
quick to screen deepwater rice for resistance
to stem borer.
Larvae of the stem borer were not able to grow
on the callus of Oryza ridleyi, but normal growth
was observed on susceptible variety, Rexero.
Five 2nd or 3rd instar nymphs per seedling
at 3.5 to 4 leaf stage can be used to identify
resistant genotypes using seed box technique.
Measurement of plant damage and honeydew
were similar.
Screening fi rst in open free-choice test, then
verifying the resistance in no-choice test.
Using midge culture to start infestation in a
tunnel screenhouse in fi eld was similar to
insect cages.
Initial and fi nal plant height, initial and fi nal
D. noxia infestation, damage rating, leaf area,
and dry plant mass can be used to evaluate
for resistance.
Eight pairs of 7-day-old adults per 20 grains in
plastic tubes can be used for resistance
screening.
Callus feeding can be used to assess antibiosis
mechanism of resistance.
Screening under multi-, double-, or no-choice
conditions. Shoot fl y females (12 to 16) enclosed
with 7- to 10-day-old seedlings for 24 h.
The tray method required 250 egg masses in 15 g
of carrier to infest 1000 plants.
Five midge females released per 50 sorghum
spikelets for 6 h to measure antixenosis for
oviposition.
Infest 50 grains with three 16- to 20-day-old
females for 14 days.
Fifteen-day-old seedlings infested with 10
neonate larvae per 5 plants.
There were differences in callus feeding, but the
resistance ratings were not the same as in leaf
screening tests.
Neonate larvae placed on 12- to 16-day-old
potted plants with free-choice among the plants
for 14 days within a replicate.
Thirty-day-old seedlings infested with 20
neonate larvae per plant
Catling, Islam, and
Pattrasudhi (1988);
Caballero et al.
(1988)
Wu, Li, and Zhang
(1989); Jeyarani and
Velusamy (2002);
Liu et al. (2002)
Karim and Saxena
(1990)
C.T. Williams et al.
(2001)
Tolmay, van der
Westhuizen, and
van Deventer
(1999)
de Sarup (1989)
W.P. Williams,
Buckley, and Davis
(1987)
Sharma et al. (1992)
Nwanze and Reddy
(1991)
Franzmann (1996)
Larrain, Araya, and
Paschke (1995)
Sharma and Sullivan
(2000)
Croughan and
Quisenberry (1989)
All, Boerma, and
Todd (1989)
Sharma,
Pampapathy, and
Kumar (2002)
continued