Contents - Faperta

Evaluation of Transgenic Plants and Mapping Populations for Resistance to Insect Pests 49
TABLE 3.2
Techniques to Screen for Resistance to Insect Pests under Artifi cial Infestation in the Field
Crop Insect Species Remarks References
Maize Asian corn borer, Ostrinia
furnacalis (Guen.)
European corn borer,
Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera
frugiperda
Corn earworm, Helicoverpa
zea
Sugarcane stem borer,
Diatraea spp.
Pink borer, Sesamia
calamistis (Hmps.)
African corn borer, Busseola
fusca
Sorghum Spotted stem borer, Chilo
partellus
Midge, Stenodiplosis
sorghicola
Head bug, Calocoris
angustatus
African head bug,
Eurystylus oldi (Poppius)
Pearl millet Head miner, Heliocheilus
albipunctella (de Joannis)
Sugarcane Sugarcane borer, Eldana
saccharina (Walker)
Artifi cial infestation of 15- and 20-day-old
plants with 100 and 200 eggs per plant
resulted in leaf damage rating of 7.3 and
7.6, respectively.
Infesting the plants with 10 to 15 larvae
per plant using Bazooka applicator.
Infesting the plants with 10 to 15 larvae
per plant using Bazooka applicator.
Legacion and Gabriel
(1988)
Mihm (1982)
Mihm (1983)
Releasing 10 larvae per plant with Bazooka. Mihm (1982)
Plants infested with 20 to 30 neonate
larvae.
Plants infested with 10 and 15 larvae
resulted in 52 and 72.9% stand loss,
respectively.
Diapausing larvae collected from stubbles
can be used to start insect colony for
artifi cial infestation.
Infestation of 18- to 20-day-old seedlings
with 5 to 7 larvae per plant using Bazooka
applicator.
Infest the panicles at half-anthesis with 40
midge females for two consecutive days
in a headcage.
Infest the sorghum panicles with 10 pairs
of bugs at the pre-anthesis stage in a
headcage.
Infest sorghum panicles with 20 pairs of
adults or 50 nymphs at the post-anthesis
stage in a headcage.
Panicles infested with 30 to 40 larvae
suffered 51 to 60% damage. Forty eggs
per panicle resulted in 51 to 80% damage,
and provided consistent infestation.
Infesting water-stressed potted plants with
eggs is effective to screen for resistance.
Mihm (1985)
Nwosu (1992)
Van Rensburg and
Van Rensburg (1993)
Sharma et al. (1992)
Sharma, Vidyasagar,
and Leuschner
(1988b)
Sharma and Lopez
(1992)
Sharma, Doumbia,
and Diorisso (1992)
Youm, Yacouba, and
Kumar (2001)
Leslie and Nuss
(1992)
through a pressurized syringe, for example, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (L.) eggs in maize
(Sutter and Branson, 1980). Eggs suspended in 0.2% agar-agar solution can also be spread
on plants in controlled amounts through hypodermic syringes or pressure applicators.
Hall et al. (1980) tested three methods of artifi cial infestation of cotton plants with tobacco
budworm, H. virescens. Eggs suspended in corn meal and distributed with a dispensing
device, eggs suspended in xanthane gum solution and distributed with a hand sprayer,
and fi rst-instars suspended in corn meal and distributed with a dispenser. The latter two
approaches resulted in desirable infestation, but infestation with the fi rst-instars was preferred
since it overcomes the problems associated with egg viability. Manual infestation
with neonate larvae is quite effective, but is cumbersome and time consuming. A Bazooka
applicator has been developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center