Contents - Faperta

vi Contents
Population Prediction Models and Early Warning Systems .................................. 15
The IPM practice ........................................................................................................... 16
Is Genetic Engineering of Plants and Biocontrol Agents an Answer? ....................... 16
Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 17
References ........................................................................................................................... 18
2. Applications of Biotechnology in Agriculture: The Prospects ............................... 23
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 23
The Genomics Revolution ................................................................................................. 24
Marker-Assisted Selection ........................................................................................... 25
Gene Sequence and Function ...................................................................................... 27
Metabolic Pathways ...................................................................................................... 27
Trait Analysis ................................................................................................................. 28
Genetic Transformation .................................................................................................... 28
Resistance to Insect Pests, Diseases, and Herbicides ............................................... 29
Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses ....................................................................................... 29
Increased Starch and Sugar Production .................................................................... 30
Altering Senescence and Drought Resistance .......................................................... 30
Increased Photosynthetic Effi ciency, Crop Growth, and Yield .............................. 30
Improved Nutrition ...................................................................................................... 31
Production of Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines ........................................................... 32
Production of Antibodies ............................................................................................. 32
Genetic Improvement of Entomopathogenic Microorganisms ................................... 33
Genetic Improvement of Natural Enemies .................................................................... 33
Application of Biotechnology in Biosystematics and Diagnostics ............................. 34
Exploitation of Male-sterility and Apomixis ................................................................. 34
Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 35
References ........................................................................................................................... 35
3. Evaluation of Transgenic Plants and Mapping Populations for
Resistance to Insect Pests ................................................................................................ 41
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 41
Techniques to Screen for Resistance to Insects under Natural Infestation ............... 42
Use of Hot-Spot Locations ........................................................................................... 42
Adjusting Planting Date ............................................................................................... 44
Manipulation of Cultural Practices ............................................................................ 44
Planting Infester Rows ................................................................................................. 44
Grouping the Material According to Maturity and Height .................................... 45
Sequential Plantings ..................................................................................................... 46
Selective Control of Nontarget Insects ....................................................................... 46
Augmentation of Insect Populations .......................................................................... 46
Labelling the Plants or Infl orescences Flowering at the Same Time ..................... 47
Techniques to Screen for Resistance to Insects under Artifi cial Infestation ............. 47
Mass Rearing ................................................................................................................. 47
Infestation Techniques ................................................................................................. 48
Planning the Rearing Schedule and Egg and Pupal Storage .................................. 51
Caging the Plants with Insects .................................................................................... 51
Greenhouse Screening ................................................................................................. 52
Use of Excised Plant Parts ............................................................................................ 54
Detached Leaf Assay ............................................................................................... 55