Contents - Faperta

Evaluation of Transgenic Plants and Mapping Populations for Resistance to Insect Pests 43
TABLE 3.1
Techniques to Screen for Resistance to Insects under Field Conditions
Crop Insect Species Remarks References
Sorghum Shoot fl y, Atherigona
soccata
Sorghum midge,
Stenodiplosis sorghicola
Head bug, Calocoris
angustatus
Pigeonpea Pod borer, Helicoverpa
armigera
Soybean Velvetbean caterpillar,
Anticarsia gemmatalis
(Hubner)
Cowpea Legume pod borer,
Maruca vitrata
(Geyer)
Egg plant Spotted beetle,
Henosepilachna
vigintioctopunctata
(Fab.)
Brachiaria
spp.
Spittlebugs, Zulia
colombiana (Lall.) and
Aeneolamia reducta
(Lall.)
Wheat Russian wheat aphid,
Diuraphis noxia
(Kurdj.)
Maize Fall armyworm,
Spodoptera frugiperda
(J.E. Smith)
Cotton Tarnished plant bug,
Lygus lineolaris
Infester rows of a susceptible cultivar planted
20 to 25 days earlier than the test material,
and spreading moistened fi shmeal in the
infester rows.
Planting infester rows 20 days earlier than
the test material, grouping the test material
according to maturity, and spreading
midge-infested panicles in infester rows.
Plant infester rows 20 days earlier than the
test material, split plantings, and group
material according to maturity.
Adjusting planting date, grouping material
according to maturity, and tagging the
infl orescences at fl owering.
Plot size or shape does not affect insect density
or defoliation. Estimates of larval density
and defoliation are better in plots of two or
more rows than in one-row plots.
Visual examination of fl ower injury or larval
presence and/or a pod evaluation index
can be used as a selection criteria.
The damage index calculated by multiplying
pest incidence and intensity/100 can be
used as a selection criterion.
Screening is more reliable if established in
old fi elds of a spittlebug susceptible grass
such as Brachiaria decumbens.
Embryo and colony counts are suitable
alternatives to nymphal counts for
measuring antibiosis.
Feeding lesions in the whorl and unfolded
leaves at 7 and 14 days after infestation
were effective to distinguish between
resistant and susceptible genotypes.
Evaluation of anthers in white fl owers of
medium-sized squares for discoloration is
a good indicator of genotypic resistance.
Soybean Defoliators Visual and quantitative assessments were
highly correlated.
Stem fl y,
Melanagromyza sojae
(Zehnt.)
Potato Tuber moth,
Phthorimaea
operculella (Zeller)
Fragaria
spp.
Aphid, Chaetosiphon
fragaefolii (Cock)
Maximin-minimax approach involving the
yield component and response to entire
insect-pest complex was useful to identify
resistant genotypes with good yield potential.
Oviposition preference over a period of 24 h
can be used to evaluate potato lines for
resistance to potato tuber moth.
Honeydew production, survival, and
production of nymphs can be used as
indicators of aphid resistance.
Doggett, Starks, and
Eberhart (1970);
Taneja and Leuschner
(1985)
Sharma, Vidyasagar,
and Leuschner (1988a)
Sharma and Lopez
(1992)
Sharma et al. (2005a)
Funderburk et al.
(1989)
Jackai (1982);
Oghiakhe, Jackai, and
Makanjuola (1992)
Rajendran and Gopalan
(1997)
Lapointe, Arango, and
Sotelo (1989)
Scott, Worrall, and
Frank (1990)
Davis, Ng, and
Williams (1992)
Maredia et al. (1994)
Bowers et al. (1999)
Sharma (1996)
Gyawali (1989)
Shanks and Grath
(1992)