Contents - Faperta

502 Biotechnological Approaches for Pest Management and Ecological Sustainability
TABLE 19.1
Potential Applications of Biotechnology to Improve Resistance to Insect Pests, Yield, and Quality
of Major Field Crops
Crops Areas of Improvement WH MAS Trans
Rice Drought and salinity tolerance X
Resistance to stem borers, plant hoppers, gall midge, and leaf
sheath blight
X X X
Nutritional and table quality of grains X X
Resistance to lodging X
Wheat Yield, quality, and adaptation X X X
Resistance to rusts, Karnal bunt, and insects X X X
Maize Yield and quality X X
Resistance to lodging and stem borers X X X
Sorghum Yield, quality, and adaptation to drought X X X
Resistance to shoot fl y, stem borer, midge, and head bugs X X X
Pearl millet Yield and adaptation to drought X
Resistance to downy mildew, stem borers, and head miner X X
Pigeonpea Yield and adaptation to drought X X
Resistance to Helicoverpa and Fusarium wilt X X X
Chickpea Adaptation to drought and chilling tolerance X X
Resistance to wilt, Ascochyta blight, and Helicoverpa X X X
Mustard Yield and adaptation to drought X
Oil content and quality X
Resistance to insects X X X
Groundnut Yield, oil content, and adaptation to drought X X
Resistance to foliar diseases, afl atoxins, and leaf miner X X X
Cotton Yield, fi ber quality, and oil content X X
Resistance to jassids and bollworms X X X
Flushing pattern X X
Sugarcane Resistance to stem borers X X X
Yield and induction of early maturity X X
Tobacco Yield and quality X X X
Resistance to aphids, tobacco caterpillar, and viruses X X X
WH wide hybridization; MAS marker-assisted selection; Trans transgenics.
engineering has also allowed the introduction of several desirable genes into a single plant,
and reduce the time to introgress the novel genes into elite backgrounds. Genes conferring
resistance to insects have been inserted into several crop plants, such as maize, cotton,
potato, tobacco, rice, chickpea, pigeonpea, sorghum, broccoli, lettuce, walnut, apple, alfalfa,
and soybean (Sharma, Sharma, and Crouch, 2004). There has been a rapid increase in the
area planted to transgenic crops, from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to over 100 million hectares
in 2006 ( James, 2007). Development and deployment of insect-resistant transgenic
plants for pest control will lead to:
• Reduction in insecticide usage;
• Reduced exposure of farm labor to insecticides;