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Transgenic Resistance to Insects: Interactions with Nontarget Organisms 365<br />

Riddick, E.W. and Barbosa, P. (1998). Impact of Cry3A-intoxicated Leptinotarsa decemlineata<br />

(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and pollen on consumption, development, and fecundity of<br />

Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America<br />

91: 303–307.<br />

Riddick, E.W., Dively, G. and Barbosa, P. (1998). Effect of a seed-mix deployment of Cry3A-transgenic<br />

and nontransgenic potato on the abundance of Lebia grandis (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and<br />

Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America<br />

91: 647–653.<br />

Riddick, E.W., Dively, G. and Barbosa, P. (2000). Season-long abundance of generalist predators in<br />

transgenic versus nontransgenic potato fi elds. Journal of Entomological Science 35: 349–359.<br />

Riggin Bucci, T.M. and Gould, F. (1997). Impact of intraplot mixtures of toxic and nontoxic plants on<br />

population dynamics of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its natural enemies.<br />

Journal of Economic Entomology 90: 241–251.<br />

Romeis, J., Dutton, A. and Bigler, F. (2004). Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Cry1Ab) has no direct effect on<br />

larvae of the green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Journal<br />

of Insect Physiology 50: 175–183.<br />

Romeis, J., Sharma, H.C., Sharma, K.K., Das, S. and Sarmah, B.K. (2004). The potential of transgenic<br />

chickpeas for pest control and possible effects on non-target arthropods. Crop Protection 23:<br />

923–938.<br />

Saxena, D., Flores, S. and Stotzky, G. (1999). Insecticidal toxin in root exudates from Bt corn. Nature<br />

402: 480.<br />

Saxena, D. and Stotzky, G. (2000). Insecticidal toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis is released from roots<br />

of transgenic Bt corn in vitro and in situ. FEMS Microbial Ecology 33: 35–39.<br />

Saxena, D. and Stotzky, G. (2001). Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin released from root exudates and<br />

biomass of Bt corn has no apparent effect on earthworms, nematodes, protozoa, bacteria, and<br />

fungi in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33: 1225–1230.<br />

Schuler, T.H., Denholm, I., Clark, S.J., Stewart, C.N. and Poppy, G.M. (2004). Effects of Bt plants on<br />

the development and survival of the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in<br />

susceptible and Bt-resistant larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera:<br />

Plutellidae). Journal of Insect Physiology 50: 435–443.<br />

Schuler, T.H., Denholm, I., Jouanin, L., Clark, S.J., Clark, A.J. and Poppy, G.M. (2001). Populationscale<br />

laboratory studies of the effect of transgenic plants on nontarget insects. Molecular Ecology<br />

10: 1845–1853.<br />

Schuler, T.H., Potting, R.P.J., Denholm, I. and Poppy, G.M. (1999). Parasitoid behaviour and Bt plants.<br />

Nature 401: 825–826.<br />

Schuler, T.H., Potting, R.P.J., Denholm, I., Clark, S.J., Clark, A.J., Stewart, C.N. and Poppy, G.M. (2003).<br />

Tritrophic choice experiments with Bt plants, the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and the<br />

parasitoid Cotesia plutellae. Transgenic Research 12: 351–361.<br />

Schütte, G. and Riede, M. (1998). Bacillus thuringiensis-Toxine in Kulturpfl anzen. In Nutzung der<br />

Gentechnik im Agrarsektor der USA – Die Diskussion von Versuchsergebnissen und Szenarien<br />

zur Biosicherheit, Umweltbundesamt Texte Nr. 47/98. Berlin, Germany.<br />

Sears, M.K., Hellmich, R.L., Stanley-Horn, D.E., Oberhauser, K.S., Pleasants, J.M., Mattila, H.R.,<br />

Siegfried, B.D. and Dively, G.P. (2001). Impact of Bt corn pollen on monarch butterfl y populations:<br />

A risk assessment. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences USA 98: 11937–11942.<br />

Sharma, H.C. and Ortiz, R. (2000). Transgenics, pest management, and the environment. Current<br />

Science 79: 421–437.<br />

Sharma, H.C. and Pampapathy, G. (2006). Infl uence of transgenic cotton on the relative abundance<br />

and damage by target and non-target insect pests under different protection regimes in India.<br />

Crop Protection 25: 800–813.<br />

Sharma, H.C., Dhillon, M.K. and Arora, R. (2008). Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis ∂-endotoxin-fed<br />

Helicoverpa armigera on the survival and development of the parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae.<br />

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 126: 1–8.<br />

Sharma, H.C., Pampapathy, G. and Arora, R. (2007). Infl uence of transgenic cottons with Bacillus thuringiensis<br />

cry1Ac gene on the natural enemies of Helicoverpa armigera. BioControl 52: 469–489.

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