Contents - Faperta

308 Biotechnological Approaches for Pest Management and Ecological Sustainability
persist in new geographic areas, indicated that M. occidentalis cannot persist through the
wet season, although it may be able to establish and persist through the autumn, winter,
and spring months.
Conclusions
Molecular approaches will play an important role in exploring insect phylogeny and diversity,
while genetic engineering will enable the production of insects with known functions.
Biotechnological tools offer the potential of genetically modifying the insects for disease
control, production of vaccines, more robust natural enemies with resistance to pesticides,
or better adaptation to extremes of climatic conditions, increased host range, and effi cient
rearing systems. Although considerable progress has been made in the laboratory, these
advances have not been accompanied by product development, delivery, and risk assessment.
Experience with plant biotechnology may serve as a guideline, and also as a warning,
if the public does not understand completely the benefi ts of the development of
genetically modifi ed insects for health, agriculture, and industrial purposes. There is a
need to develop mechanisms to drive the gene of interest through natural populations, testing,
deployment, and risk assessment.
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