Contents - Faperta

Contents xv
Toxicological Effects and Metabolism of the Transgene Products ........................... 448
Biosafety of Transgene Products ............................................................................... 448
Bt Cry Proteins ........................................................................................................ 448
Protease Inhibitors ................................................................................................. 450
Lectins ...................................................................................................................... 450
Changes in Chemical Profi le/Secondary Metabolites ........................................... 450
Biosafety of Transgenic Feed/Forage for Animals ................................................ 451
DNA Transfer from Transgenic Food to Microorganisms/Humans ....................... 452
Potential Effects on Human Health Resulting from the Use of
Viral DNA in Human Food ................................................................................... 452
Transposable Elements ............................................................................................... 453
Fate of Genetically Modifi ed Plant DNA in the Digestive System ...................... 453
Allergenic Effects ............................................................................................................. 454
Public Attitude to Food from Transgenic Plants ......................................................... 456
Introduction of Food from Genetically Modifi ed Crops to the
General Public ......................................................................................................... 457
Consumer Response to Food from Genetically Modifi ed Crops ......................... 457
Role of the Scientifi c Community, NGOs, and the Media ......................................... 458
Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 459
References ......................................................................................................................... 459
16. Detection and Monitoring of Food and Food Products Derived from
Genetically Modifi ed Crops ......................................................................................... 465
Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 465
Sampling for Detection of Genetically Modifi ed Food .............................................. 466
Detection of Genetically Modifi ed Foods .................................................................... 466
DNA-Based Methods .................................................................................................. 468
Qualitative PCR Analysis ...................................................................................... 468
Multiplex PCR-Based Detection Methods .......................................................... 469
Quantitative PCR .................................................................................................... 469
Microarray Technology ......................................................................................... 470
RNA-Based Methods .................................................................................................. 471
Protein-Based Methods .............................................................................................. 471
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ............................................................. 471
Lateral Flow Sticks ................................................................................................. 472
Phenotypic Characterization ..................................................................................... 472
Mass Spectrometry ..................................................................................................... 472
Surface Plasmon Resonance ...................................................................................... 473
Monitoring of Genetically Modifi ed Food and Food Labeling ................................. 473
Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 474
References ......................................................................................................................... 474
17. Molecular Markers for Diagnosis of Insect Pests and Their
Natural Enemies .............................................................................................................. 477
Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 477
Molecular Tools for Diagnosis of Insect Pests ............................................................. 478
Polymerase Chain Reaction ....................................................................................... 478
Random Amplifi ed Polymorphic DNA ................................................................... 478