Contents - Faperta

Host Plant Resistance to Insects: Potential and Limitations 95
varieties have been deployed for the control of a number of insect pests worldwide (Painter,
1951; Maxwell and Jennings, 1980; Smith, 1989, 2005; Sharma and Ortiz, 2002). Several
insect pests have been kept under check through the use of insect-resistant cultivars. The
major examples include:
• Grapevine rootstocks from the United States, resistant to phylloxera, Phylloxera
vitifoliae (Fitch.) (Painter, 1951; Adkisson and Dyck, 1980).
• Cotton cultivars Krishna, Mahalaxmi, Khandwa 2, and MCU 5, resistant to leafhopper,
A. biguttula biguttula (Sundramurthy and Chitra, 1992).
• Northern Spy rootstocks of apple, resistant to wooly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum
(Hausm.) (Martin, 1973).
• Wheat varieties Pawnee, Poso 42, and Benhur, resistant to Hessian fl y, M. destructor
(Maxwell, Jenkins, and Parrot, 1972).
• Rice varieties IR 36, Kakatiya, Surekha, and Rajendradhan, resistant to gall midge,
O. oryzae (Kalode, 1987).
• Alfalfa varieties Lahontan, Sonora, and Sirsa 9, resistant to spotted alfalfa aphid,
T. maculata (Howe and Smith, 1957; Hunt et al., 1966).
• Sorghum varieties Maldandi, Swati, ICSV 705, ICSV 700, CISV 708, IS 18551, and
SFCR 151, resistant to sorghum shoot fl y, A. soccata (Figure 4.6); DJ 6514, TAM 2577,
AF 28, ICSV 745 (Figure 4.7) and ICSV 88032, resistant to sorghum midge, S. sorghicola
(Figure 4.8) (Agrawal, Sharma, and Leuschner, 1987; Sharma et al., 1994a,
1994b, 2005g; Sharma, 2001; Agrawal et al., 2005); and CSM 388 and Malisor 84-7,
resistant to head bug, Eurystylus oldi (Pop.) (Sharma, 1993; Sharma, Lopez, and
Vidyasagar, 1994; Sharma et al., 2005g).
• Pigeonpea varieties ICPL 332 and ICPL 88039, resistant to H. armigera.
• Chickpea varieties ICC 506 and ICCV 10, resistant to H. armigera (Sharma et al.,
2005b).
The benefi ts of HPR depend on the pattern of insect invasion, for example, many insects,
such as aphids, whitefl ies, and mites, invade the crop in low numbers, and their abundance
increases over several generations before reaching the economic threshold levels.
Deadhearts (%)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
ICSV 705
ICSV 700
ICSV 708
PS 30710
IS 18551
SFCR 151
SFCR 125
ICSV 91011
CS 3541
MR 750
ICSV 745
FIGURE 4.6 Expression of resistance to sorghum shoot fl y, Atherigona soccata in sorghum.
Swarna