Fichier *.pdf - Fondation Louis de Broglie
Fichier *.pdf - Fondation Louis de Broglie
Fichier *.pdf - Fondation Louis de Broglie
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Annales <strong>de</strong> la <strong>Fondation</strong> <strong>Louis</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Broglie</strong>, Volume 28, no 3-4, 2003 457<br />
Dirac et Mendéléev<br />
X. OUDET,<br />
Laboratoire <strong>de</strong> Magnétisme et d'Optique <strong>de</strong> l'Université <strong>de</strong> Versailles<br />
C.N.R.S., 45 Avenue <strong>de</strong>s Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles, France<br />
RÉSUMÉ. L’éclairage qu’apporte la découverte <strong>de</strong> la mécanique quantique<br />
pour la compréhension du tableau périodique est d’abord rappeler. Puis nous<br />
montrons l’apport <strong>de</strong> la théorie <strong>de</strong> Dirac dans la compréhension <strong>de</strong> la division<br />
en terres cériques et yttriques <strong>de</strong>s terres rares. Le rôle <strong>de</strong> cette théorie<br />
dans l’étu<strong>de</strong> du magnétisme est ensuite rappelé.<br />
ABSTRACT. The shed light bring with the discovery of the quantum<br />
mechanics upon the un<strong>de</strong>rstanding of the periodic table is first recalled.<br />
Then the contribution of Dirac’s theory to the un<strong>de</strong>rstanding of division in<br />
ceric and yttric earths for the rare earths is presented. The role of this theory<br />
in the study of the magnetism is then recalled.<br />
1 Avant propos<br />
C’est avec plaisir que j’ai rédigé ces lignes pour célébrer notre collègue<br />
Olivier Costa <strong>de</strong> Beauregard à l’occasion <strong>de</strong>s soixante ans <strong>de</strong> sa thèse. Depuis<br />
bien longtemps je le connaissais par quelques unes <strong>de</strong> ses publications puis<br />
j’ai eu la chance <strong>de</strong> le rencontrer a Peyresq et <strong>de</strong> découvrir son immense<br />
culture. C’est comme chimiste et physicien que je vais essayer <strong>de</strong> donner<br />
quelques réflexions qui me sont chères. L’une concerne le tableau périodique<br />
<strong>de</strong>s éléments, l’autre le magnétisme. Je terminerais en proposant une piste<br />
pour rapprocher les modèles <strong>de</strong> Dirac et <strong>de</strong> Sommerfeld.<br />
2 Introduction<br />
En 1869, le 17 février Mendéléev distribuait à <strong>de</strong> nombreux chimistes son<br />
système <strong>de</strong> classification <strong>de</strong>s éléments [1]. Il fallut attendre la découverte <strong>de</strong>s<br />
propriétés quantiques <strong>de</strong>s électrons dans les atomes pour en comprendre toute<br />
la substantifique moelle. Ce fut d’abord les travaux <strong>de</strong> Moseley qui par<br />
l’étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la fréquence <strong>de</strong>s rayon X apporta <strong>de</strong>s résultats importants en faveur
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> @ Voire la note <strong>de</strong> Prévot A.R., C.R. Acd. Sci., 268, (1969).<br />
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