Infant Toddler Learning & Development Foundations

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A Message from the State Superintendent of Public Instruction Iam delighted to present the California Infant/Toddler Learning and Development Foundations, a publication I believe will contribute to providing high-quality care and education for our youngest children. The first three years are a crucial time of development. Research on brain development indicates that the brains of infants and toddlers are twice as active as those of adults. By the time children reach the age of three, they have become competent in at least one language, formed a sense of self, learned about basic concepts such as cause-and-effect and quantity, and developed numerous large- and small-muscle skills. More than half of California’s infants and toddlers are cared for in child care centers, in family child care homes, and by relatives or neighbors outside the home. Research shows that good care and education contribute to children’s social-emotional, language, cognitive, and perceptual and motor development. High-quality infant/toddler programs provide children with caring relationships, environments, and materials that enrich learning and development. Those programs also develop partnerships with families to connect children’s home experiences with experiences in the infant/toddler setting. Partnerships with families are the cornerstone of culturally sensitive care, which is critically important for children’s social-emotional well-being and overall learning. With a goal of ensuring that all infant/toddler programs in California offer high-quality care, the California Department of Education collaborated with leading early childhood educators and researchers to develop these learning and development foundations. The foundations focus on four domains: social-emotional development, language development, cognitive development, and perceptual and motor development. The foundations provide a comprehensive understanding of young children’s learning and development during the first three years of life. It is my hope that these foundations will help all California infant/toddler programs to offer developmentally appropriate and supportive care for our youngest children. By fostering the learning and development described in this publication, infant/toddler care professionals will contribute to children’s well-being and lay the foundation for children’s future success. JACK O’CONNELL State Superintendent of Public Instruction v
Acknowledgments The following people contributed to this publication or helped to develop the ideas: Panel of Experts Marc Bornstein, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Linda Brault, Sonoma State University Deborrah Bremond, Alameda County Children and Families Commission Vera Guttierez-Clellan, San Diego State University Christopher Lonigan, Florida State University Tammy Mann, Zero to Three Lucia Palacios, Los Angeles Universal Preschool Jeree Pawl, Clinical Psychologist Todd Risley, University of Alaska Ross Thompson, University of California, Davis Marlene Zepeda, California State University, Los Angeles WestEd, Center for Child and Family Studies Content development: Ron Lally, Program Codirector Peter Mangione, Program Codirector Charlotte Tilson, Senior Program Associate Cathy Tsao, Senior Program Associate Sara Webb-Schmitz, Program Associate Osnat Zur, Senior Program Associate Research assistance: Amy Schustz-Alvarez, Program Assistant Katie Monahan, Program Assistant Teresa Ragsdale, Program Assistant University of California, Berkeley Berkeley Evaluation and Assessment Research Center Stephen Moore, Center Associate Director Mark Wilson, Center Director; Professor, UC Berkeley California Department of Education Meredith Cathcart, Consultant, Special Education Division Tom Cole, Consultant, Child Development Division Cecelia Fisher-Dahms, Administrator, Quality Improvement Office Michael Jett, Former Director, Child Development Division Camille Maben, Director, Child Development Division Anthony Monreal, Deputy Superintendent, Curriculum and Instruction Branch Mary Smithberger, Consultant, Child Development Division Gwen Stephens, Former Assistant Director, Child Development Division Maria Trejo, Administrator, Child Development Division Note: The names and affiliations of individuals were current at the time of the development of this publication. vii
Page 1 and 2: California Infant/Toddler Learning
Page 3 and 4: Publishing Information The Californ
Page 9 and 10: The California Infant/Toddler Learn
Page 11 and 12: operates within social relationship
Page 13 and 14: profound influence on subsequent de
Page 15 and 16: of diverse learners. Universal desi
Page 17: California Department of Education
Page 20 and 21: THE EARLY MONTHS 2 child’s brain
Page 22 and 23: THE EARLY MONTHS 4 the eight-month-
Page 25 and 26: Social-Emotional Development Social
Page 27 and 28: espond to adults and engage with th
Page 29 and 30: Both the understanding and expressi
Page 31 and 32: ules. Group care settings provide m
Page 33 and 34: Interactions with Adults Behaviors
Page 35 and 36: Relationships with Adults Behaviors
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Fabes, R., and others. 2001. “Pre
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Melson, G., and A. Cohen. 1981. “
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Weinberg, M. K., and others. 1999.
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT 44 development
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT 46 books or pi
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT 48 Receptive L
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT 50 Expressive
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT 52 Communicati
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT 54 Interest in
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT 56 Internation
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Cognitive Development last two deca
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Imitation Imitation is broadly unde
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distinguishes between two types of
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8 months Foundation: Cause-and-Effe
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8 months Foundation: Spatial Relati
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8 months At around eight months of
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8 months At around 8 months of age,
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8 months At around eight months of
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Foundation: Classification The deve
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Foundation: Attention Maintenance T
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American Academy of Pediatrics. 200
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Mareschal, D., and R. French. 2000.
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87 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
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PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT 90
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104 Number Sense: The developing un
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MODULE I Social-Emotional Growth an
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Audiovisual Materials DVD (Each DVD
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Additional Materials Title Item no.
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Infant Toddler Learning & Development Foundations

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