Primordial Black Holes and Cosmological Phase Transitions Report ...

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$Kawasaki dynamic in continuum Math. Encounters XXXV ... - CCM$

PBHs and Cosmological Phase Transitions vi 12 Conclusions and Future work 207 12.1 Results achieved and conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 12.1.1 QCD phase transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 12.1.2 EW phase transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 12.1.3 Electron–positron annihilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 12.2 Future work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
List of Figures 1 The time evolution of the abundances of the light elements produced during Primordial Nucleosynthesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2 The energy densities of matter and radiation as a function of the scale factor R(t). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3 The inflaton potential in the case of chaotic inflation. . . . . . . . 16 4 The inflaton potential in the case of natural inflation. . . . . . . 16 5 The inflaton potential in the case of hybrid (double) inflation. . . 17 6 The scale factor during the QCD transition as a function of time. 29 7 The scale factor as a function of time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 8 The theoretical CMB anisotropy power spectrum. . . . . . . . . . 32 9 The Lyman α forest (quasar RDJ030117 + 002025) . . . . . . . . 34 10 The particle content of the SMPP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 11 Mass spectrum of supersymmetric particles and the Higgs boson according to the SPS1a scenario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 12 The effective number of degrees of freedom g(T ). . . . . . . . . . 58 13 QCD phase transition (schematic) diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 14 Naive phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. . . . . . . . 61 15 Sketch of a first–order QCD transition via homogeneous bubble nucleation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 16 Behaviour of the temperature as a function of the scale factor during a first–order QCD transition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 17 Thermodynamic state variables for a strong first–order phase transition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 18 The Hubble rate H and the typical interaction rates of weak (Γw) and electric (Γe) processes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 19 Sketch of a first–order QCD transition in the inhomogeneous Universe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 20 Primordial gravitational waves from the QCD transition. . . . . . 69 21 The behaviour of the sound speed during the QCD transition as a function of the scale factor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 22 The entropy density of hot QCD relative to the entropy density of an ideal QGP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 23 Energy density and pressure as functions of T/Tc for the QCD transition in LGT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 24 The square speed of sound as a function of T/Tc for the QCD transition in LGT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 25 The behaviour of the sound speed as a function of T/Tc during the QCD transition according to the Lattice model. . . . . . . . 76 26 The square speed of sound for the QCD Crossover. . . . . . . . . 77 27 The minimum value attained by the sound speed as a function of the parameter ∆T (QCD Crossover). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 28 The beginning and the end of the QCD phase transition as a function of the transition temperature (Bag Model and Lattice Fit). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 vii
Page 1: CCM-Centro de Ciências Matemática
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Table 49 (continued). PBHs and Cosm
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