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Modern trends in linacs What is new (& hot) in the field of linacs? 1. Frequencies are going up for both proton and electron linacs (←less expensive precision isi machining, hi i efficiency ffi i sscales l s roughly hl as s √f). √f) MModern d proton t li linacs s start at 350-400 MHz, end at 800-1300 MHz. Modern electron linacs in the range 3-12 GHz. 2. Superconductivity is progressing fast, and is being presently used for both electron l and ion linacs l → multi-cell l ll standing wave structures in the h frequency f range from ~100 MHz to 1300 MHz. Superconductivity is now bridging the gap between electron and ion linacs. The 9-cell 9 cell TESLA/ILC SC cavities at 1.3 GHz for electron linear colliders, are now proposed for High Power Proton Accelerators (Fermilab 8 GeV linac) ! 62
Bibliography g p y 1. Reference Books: T. Wangler, Principles of RF Linear Accelerators (Wiley, New York, 1998). PP. Lapostolle Lapostolle, A. A Septier (editors) (editors), Linear Accelerators (Amsterdam (Amsterdam, North Holland Holland, 1970) 1970). I.M. Kapchinskii, Theory of resonance linear accelerators (Harwood, Chur, 1985). 2. General Introductions to linear accelerators M. Puglisi, The Linear Accelerator, in E. Persico, E. Ferrari, S.E. Segré, Principles of Particle Accelerators (W.A. Benjamin, New York, 1968). P. Lapostolle, Proton Linear Accelerators: A theoretical and Historical Introduction, LA-11601-MS, 1989. P. Lapostolle, M. Weiss, Formulae and Procedures useful for the Design of Linear Accelerators, CERN- PS-2000-001 (DR), 2000. PP. Lapostolle Lapostolle, R. R Jameson, Jameson Linear Accelerators Accelerators, in Encyclopaedia of Applied Physics (VCH Publishers, Publishers New York, 1991). 3. CAS Schools S. Turner (ed.), CAS School: Cyclotrons, Linacs and their applications, CERN 96-02 (1996). MM. Weiss, W i Introduction I t d ti to t RF Linear Li Accelerators, A l t in i CAS School: S h l Fifth GGeneral l AAccelerator l t Ph Physics i Course, CERN-94-01 (1994), p. 913. N. Pichoff, Introduction to RF Linear Accelerators, in CAS School: Basic Course on General Accelerator Physics, CERN-2005-04 (2005). M. Vretenar, , Differences between electron and ion linacs, , in CAS School: Small Accelerators, , CERN- 2006-012. 63
Page 1 and 2:
Introduction to RF Linear Accelerat
Page 3 and 4:
(v/c)^2 ( 1 Proton and Electron Vel
Page 5 and 6:
Example: Superconducting Proton Lin
Page 7 and 8:
RF input λ p TM01 field configurat
Page 9 and 10:
Slowing down waves: the disc- loade
Page 11 and 12: eam Traveling wave linac structures
Page 13 and 14: mode 0 mode π/2 mode 2π/3 mode π
Page 15 and 16: Comparing traveling and standing wa
Page 17 and 18: Disc-loaded structures operating in
Page 19 and 20: Examples p of DTL Top; CERN Linac2
Page 21 and 22: eam Multigap linac structures: the
Page 23 and 24: Proton linac architecture - cell le
Page 25 and 26: Multi-gap Superconducting linac str
Page 27 and 28: Quarter Wave Resonators Simple 2-ga
Page 29 and 30: Focusing solenoids Examples: p an e
Page 31 and 32: Electron linac architecture EXAMPLE
Page 33 and 34: Heavy y Ion Linac Architecture EXAM
Page 35 and 36: Longitudinal g dynamics y → Ions
Page 37 and 38: Transverse dynamics - Space charge
Page 39 and 40: Transverse equilibrium in ion and e
Page 41 and 42: x_rms beaam size [m] High-intensity
Page 43 and 44: 55. DDouble bl periodic i di accele
Page 45 and 46: Mechanical errors differences in f
Page 47 and 48: The Side Coupled p Linac To operate
Page 49 and 50: The Cell-Coupled Drift Tube Linac W
Page 51 and 52: The Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ
Page 53 and 54: RFQ Qpproperties p - 2 3. The dista
Page 55 and 56: How to create a quadrupole RF mode
Page 57 and 58: Electron sources: give energy to th
Page 59 and 60: Accelerating structure: the choice
Page 61: Mains Transforms mains power into D
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