mode - CERN Accelerator School

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“Practical” standing wave structures From disc-loaded structure to a real cavity (Linac4 PIMS, Pi-Mode Structure) 1. To increase acceleration efficiency (=shunt impedance ZT2 !) we need to concentrate electric field on axis (Z) (Z) and to shorten the gap (T) (T) → introduction of “noses” on the openings. 2. The smaller opening would not allow the wave to propagate → introduction of “coupling p g slots” between cells. 3. The RF wave has to be coupled into the cavity from one point, usually in the center. 14
Comparing traveling and standing wave structures Standing wave Traveling wave Chain of coupled cells in SW <strong>mode</strong>. CCoupling li (bw. (b cells) ll ) bby slots l ( (or open). ) OOn axis aperture reduced, higher E-field on axis and power efficiency. RF power from a coupling port, dissipated iin the h structure (ohmic ( h i lloss on walls). ll ) Long pulses. Gradients 2-5 MeV/m Chain of coupled cells in TW <strong>mode</strong> CCoupling li bw. b cells ll from f on-axis i aperture. RF power from input coupler at one end, dissipated in the structure and on a load. Short pulses, High frequency (≥ 3 GHz). GGradients di 10 10-20 20 MMeV/m V/ Used for Ions and electrons at all Used for Electrons at v~c energies i Comparable RF efficiencies 15
Page 1 and 2: Introduction to RF Linear Accelerat
Page 3 and 4: (v/c)^2 ( 1 Proton and Electron Vel
Page 5 and 6: Example: Superconducting Proton Lin
Page 7 and 8: RF input λ p TM01 field configurat
Page 9 and 10: Slowing down waves: the disc- loade
Page 11 and 12: eam Traveling wave linac structures
Page 13: mode 0 mode π/2 mode 2π/3 mode π
Page 17 and 18: Disc-loaded structures operating in
Page 19 and 20: Examples p of DTL Top; CERN Linac2
Page 21 and 22: eam Multigap linac structures: the
Page 23 and 24: Proton linac architecture - cell le
Page 25 and 26: Multi-gap Superconducting linac str
Page 27 and 28: Quarter Wave Resonators Simple 2-ga
Page 29 and 30: Focusing solenoids Examples: p an e
Page 31 and 32: Electron linac architecture EXAMPLE
Page 33 and 34: Heavy y Ion Linac Architecture EXAM
Page 35 and 36: Longitudinal g dynamics y → Ions
Page 37 and 38: Transverse dynamics - Space charge
Page 39 and 40: Transverse equilibrium in ion and e
Page 41 and 42: x_rms beaam size [m] High-intensity
Page 43 and 44: 55. DDouble bl periodic i di accele
Page 45 and 46: Mechanical errors differences in f
Page 47 and 48: The Side Coupled p Linac To operate
Page 49 and 50: The Cell-Coupled Drift Tube Linac W
Page 51 and 52: The Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ
Page 53 and 54: RFQ Qpproperties p - 2 3. The dista
Page 55 and 56: How to create a quadrupole RF mode
Page 57 and 58: Electron sources: give energy to th
Page 59 and 60: Accelerating structure: the choice
Page 61 and 62: Mains Transforms mains power into D
Page 63: Bibliography g p y 1. Reference Boo

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