12 55 Years of Arab Studies in Romania - Secţia de Arabă

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2.1. The particles of negation found in the Lebanese series 'ajyal During our study we have found that the following particles were used to render the negation in the analyzed series: lā / lā', mā, mīš / māš / mēš, mū (found in only one line). 2.1.1. Particle lā As pointed out in our brief theoretical presentation lā is usually used to render the negative imperative, but sometimes it appears also in other structures, under the influence of the Modern Standard Arabic. In our analyze we noticed that the characters of the series have completely replaced lā in forming the negative imperative with the synonym particle mā. However, we did find one single line, where lā is used by the character called Theo before an imperfective verb: lā bt c ərfī 'enti šū bḥebbik. “You don’t know how much I love you.” We have noticed that the particle lā appears very often in the lines of the characters in the negative phrase lā….wa-la 6 …, expressing the English construction “nor…nor”: Faraḥ : šu biddī c aməl lā ma c u celulaire wa-lā ba c rif ra'am ṣaḥbu wa-la ḥattā weyn beytu. “What I will do? He doesn’t have a cell phone and I don’t know the number of his friend, nor where his house is.” In this example lā is first used to negate possession lā ma c u celulaire “he doesn’t have a cell phone”, then to negate for two consecutive times the verb ba c rif “I know”. It is interesting in this example to notice that we have three negations and that the character prefers to keep using the particle lā in all three of them, even though the subject of the first negated sentence is not the same with the subject of the other two sentences. Another example of the lā... wa-la... construction was found in a conversation between Theo and Faraḥ: mīš mətzawwaj, mā hēk? „You’re not married right?” lā. „No.” wa-lā ḫāṭib? „Nor engaged?” wa-lā mərtəbeṭ. „Nor with any obligation (in a relationship).” In this example we have three negations, all three of them made in nominal clauses. The first negation is made with particle mīš, while the other two with lā; mīš mətzawwaj... wa-lā ḫāṭib.... wa-lā mərtəbeṭ... “not married...nor engaged...nor in a relationship”. 6 The first negation in this construction, can also be mā or mīš, but the second term of the construction will be in most cases wa-la. 24
A last example with this construction comes from the character Faraḥ: 'anā lā bitḥaddā wa-lā bitšəjjar “I don’t provoke, nor argue.” We can see here that lā is used before two imperfective verbs: bitḥaddā “I provoke” bitšəjjar “I argue/ fight”. The particle lā can also render the pronominal adjective “any”, in sentences that we have a double negation: Serje: layla, il-'uṣṣa mīš hōn. “Layla, this is not the problem.” Layla: il-'uṣṣa mīš wu-lā maṭṛaḥ. “There isn’t any problem.” Another usage of lā, also found in Modern Standard Arabic, is lā used to negate species, denoting categorical negation: Layla: lā ḥada ġayry biy c arif. “No one except me knows.” Particle lā also appears in sentences, in which we already have another particle of negation, but this other particle, doesn’t actually express a negation in this context, but adds an extra meaning to the sentence, for example in the next sentences it adds an interrogatory one: Šahīd: mīš lā btis'al hiye c annī 'awwal an ? “Isn’t she the first not to ask about me?” 2.1.2. Particle mā The particle mā can precede an imperfective or a perfective verb to negate the action expressed by it. Examples: - Negating a past action: Tamara: lā, hēk mā ittafa'nā. “No, this way we didn’t reach any agreement.” - Negating a verb expressing the past continuous tense: Amelia: lā, mā kēnū c am biḥkū. “No, they weren’t talking.” - Negating a present action: Tamara: mā bi'dir li-'annī bikrah ilkezəb. “I can’t, because I hate lies.” - Negating a verb expressing the present continuous tense: Rola: mā c am bifham šū ṣār ma c ī. “I am not understanding what happened to me.” - Negating a future action: Faraḥ: mā laḥ iḫud həbūb. “I won’t take pills.” / Roger: mā raḥ 7 ḫallīki truḥī c a-l-beyt hēk...maġlūbe. “I won’t let you go home like this...defeated.” 7 We can notice here a variation between the alveolar lateral approximant sound l and the alveolar trill r, thus resulting in two forms for the same particle that helps us render the future: laḥ / raḥ. 25
Page 2 and 3: UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST CENTER FOR
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTS Jordi Aguadé, Verbs Refle
Page 6 and 7: Dictionnaire arabe français by A.
Page 8 and 9: or miss”. fāq (yfīq) “to wake
Page 10 and 11: }d}}}a (yər}d}}}i) “to satisfy,
Page 12 and 13: ≠ lġa (yĭlġi) “to invalidate
Page 15 and 16: SOME ASPECTS OF NEGATION IN THE LEB
Page 17 and 18: 1.1. Particle lā The particle lā
Page 19 and 20: Examples: láh ( = lā ) mā ḫabb
Page 21: Recent studies have drawn attention
Page 25 and 26: Tamara: mira halla' manna hōn. “
Page 27 and 28: As seen above, mīš expressing the
Page 29 and 30: The conclusion can only be that in
Page 31: Serge: ma ba'a fīnā bass nəfakki
Page 34 and 35: Pidgins have also been classified o
Page 36 and 37: (6) bēbi ana Ø māma bēt (Bizri
Page 38 and 39: DEM all day NEG FI „this wasn‟t
Page 40 and 41: lāzim kul šay fi mawǧūd (Al-Moa
Page 42 and 43: 1SG FI bag ruined „My bag is ruin
Page 44 and 45: A large number of examples illustra
Page 46 and 47: NEG FI same girl DEM true „the gi
Page 48 and 49: andomly by speakers unsure of how t
Page 50 and 51: developed a much wider range of use
Page 52 and 53: In sum, fi often functions as an ex
Page 54 and 55: Avram, Andrei A. 1995. „Some stru
Page 56 and 57: Kumar. 2011a. Poem in Omani Pidgin
Page 58 and 59: “hidden microphone”) between Ba
Page 60 and 61: - ānī fakkarit hwāye w hassa atr
Page 62 and 63: - ’al}l}a, kirkūk, ah}san nās!
Page 64 and 65: conversation. In order to make his
Page 66 and 67: - I‟m not going there anymore. It
Page 68 and 69: Haverkate, Henk. 1994. La cortesía
Page 70 and 71: Following the above mentioned strat
Page 72 and 73:
chance. Once the computer finds a p
Page 74 and 75:
problem when using the statistical
Page 76 and 77:
3) katabtu r-risālata bi-„ibr in
Page 78 and 79:
Voices of anger Almarkp that took p
Page 81 and 82:
CLASSIFICATION OF THE INDEPENDENT P
Page 83 and 84:
personal pronoun is considered adje
Page 85 and 86:
Reckendorf (1898: §134, 375) menti
Page 87 and 88:
association of other gods with Alla
Page 89 and 90:
d. In the following relative clause
Page 91 and 92:
―Potiphar‘s wife said: ‗Now t
Page 93 and 94:
In Q 7:49 the relevant component of
Page 95 and 96:
2.2.3 Independent personal pronoun
Page 97 and 98:
equired for are those in which ther
Page 99 and 100:
This construction has a ―selectiv
Page 101 and 102:
Bibliography Arberry, Arthur. 1964.
Page 103 and 104:
IFRANĞĪ / FIRANĞĪ: WHAT LANGUAG
Page 105 and 106:
d‟une habitude linguistique qui r
Page 107 and 108:
Qāmūs al-muḥīṭ 10 the root f
Page 109 and 110:
Arabic works, this usage seems to h
Page 111 and 112:
traveller Evliya Çelebi, reported
Page 113 and 114:
Bibliography Aslanov 2002: Cyril As
Page 115 and 116:
QUELQUES GRAPHÈMES LATINS POLYFONC
Page 117 and 118:
l’occlusive emphatique /d}/: a) d
Page 119 and 120:
III. 4. Le graphème [k] Le graphè
Page 121 and 122:
‘avrā ←‘adrā’ « vierge
Page 123 and 124:
ZANKA FLOW: RAP EN ÁRABE MARROQUÍ
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Según Muslim, el tono de voz del e
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fə-bani Ādam kīfāš wəlla mə
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ʕṛəf kīfāš džīb mʕāhŭm
Page 131 and 132:
dyāli hūma lli ʕāwdu li ʕla l-
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məḥgūṛa ʕlāš dāyma ʕlīn
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l-ʔabryāʔ hūma ḍ-ḍaḥāya
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mənnu slāk alguna de él. Estribi
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wāxxa ṣ-ṣăḥḥa ṭāḥt w
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mātət ʕāyšīn wāxxa ḥăyāt
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ylăʕbu lu bīn bnānu yxăwwṣu
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nādǝm bə-nǝfsu kayṭlǝb ṣ-
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conducido” (< á.c. دىق). Esto
Page 149 and 150:
3.2.2. La partícula ʕa- se antepo
Page 151 and 152:
urales de la región de Jbala: enso
Page 153 and 154:
Carátula del disco Strictly 4 my s
Page 155 and 156:
Natividad, E.; “Le dialecte de Ch
Page 157 and 158:
UN CAS DE TÉRATOLOGIE DÉRIVATIONN
Page 159 and 160:
d’Ibn al-Anbārī 1 , mais sous u
Page 161 and 162:
nécessaire 2 , selon cette opinion
Page 163 and 164:
intéresse : on a, à la fois, un s
Page 165 and 166:
(« et on a dit : le clitoris, parc
Page 167 and 168:
LA ZABBŪBIYYA DE ‘ABD AR-RAḤM
Page 169 and 170:
Toutefois c’est avec le Congrès
Page 171 and 172:
En conclusion, nous pouvons affirme
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ma nənsǟw ə š l-kǟhiya w-waīf
Page 175 and 176:
Tous les walis Tous les princes, le
Page 177 and 178:
Ecoutez-moi bien enfants d’Eve! E
Page 179 and 180:
yəmšu) 16 . Ainsi, les verbes dé
Page 181 and 182:
turque le kahiya était le subordon
Page 183 and 184:
Annexe Les deux reproductions ci-ap
Page 185 and 186:
TOPOGRAPHIE SACRÉE ET LÉGITIMATIO
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variante et absents dans d’autres
Page 189 and 190:
« À cette époque-là, dans ce jo
Page 191 and 192:
Une grande partie de l’existence
Page 193 and 194:
celles consacrées à d’autres sa
Page 195 and 196:
porte et regarde vers la montagne d
Page 197 and 198:
fragment que nous trouvons fort él
Page 199 and 200:
tant que diurétique, analgésique
Page 201 and 202:
les sanctuaires (yatır), voire les
Page 203 and 204:
CULTURAL INTERACTIONS IN THE GRAFFI
Page 205 and 206:
end of war (Zoghbi, 2011:80). In th
Page 207 and 208:
tension between homogenization and
Page 209 and 210:
the desire to confront and undermin
Page 211 and 212:
popular culture connotations like S
Page 213 and 214:
SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE TRANSLAT
Page 215 and 216:
address term, in order to express t
Page 217 and 218:
manipulation and adaptation of the
Page 219 and 220:
The footnote provided by the Romani
Page 221 and 222:
Mejdell, G. 2006. Mixed styles in s
Page 223 and 224:
THE PROBLEM OF SUFI ARABIC TEXTS TR
Page 225 and 226:
ecause, in his opinion, philosophic
Page 227 and 228:
problem is connected not only with
Page 229 and 230:
concludes that “original features
Page 231 and 232:
company and the second company iden
Page 233 and 234:
STEREOTYPES ABOUT ISLAM AND MEDIA C
Page 235 and 236:
what he called a “legitimate form
Page 237 and 238:
stereotypes aren‟t solely an Amer
Page 239 and 240:
Middle East into a single unified a
Page 241 and 242:
are many Islams, there are many Wes
Page 243 and 244:
demanding labor of philology and te
Page 245 and 246:
Looking at data on French public di
Page 247 and 248:
V. Patterns in writing and talking
Page 249 and 250:
that naming is to identify an objec
Page 251 and 252:
A sample of perpetuating the image
Page 253 and 254:
in such historically Christian nati
Page 255 and 256:
jihād, dhimmī are semantically re
Page 257 and 258:
Levy, Bernard-Henri. 2004. War, evi
Page 259 and 260:
SOUNDS AND SILENCE IN IBN SI>NA>’
Page 261 and 262:
audience) in a lahğa maqbūla (a l
Page 263 and 264:
eing silent, free of any determinat
Page 265 and 266:
CROSS-CULTURAL AWARENESS AND READAB
Page 267 and 268:
II. Theoretical Underpinnings 1. Li
Page 269 and 270:
student and the culture that create
Page 271 and 272:
In a maqāma style, Al-T{ayyib S{ā
Page 273 and 274:
that could be given are the questio
Page 275 and 276:
BOOK REVIEWS A Festschrift for Nadi
Page 277 and 278:
C. Arabic studies authored by membe
Page 279 and 280:
and literature contribute to the pr
Page 281 and 282:
process of grammaticalization in Ar
Page 283 and 284:
Laura Sitaru, Gândirea politică a
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12 55 Years of Arab Studies in Romania - Secţia de Arabă

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