Pagina 1-28.qxd - Cátedra de Estudos Sefarditas "Alberto Benveniste"
Pagina 1-28.qxd - Cátedra de Estudos Sefarditas "Alberto Benveniste"
Pagina 1-28.qxd - Cátedra de Estudos Sefarditas "Alberto Benveniste"
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Pag 33-62:<strong>Pagina</strong> 1-<strong>28.qxd</strong> 10-12-2009 01:13 Page 57<br />
KIng ManUel I anD tHe exPUlSIOn OF tHe CaStIlIan ConvERSoS anD MUSlIMS...<br />
Por tuguese sovereign the bull Ineffabilis et Summi. this bull was an<br />
almost i<strong>de</strong>ntical copy of the one granted only two years previously,<br />
with exactly the same name, to Isabel and Fernando. the Pope<br />
<strong>de</strong>creed that the Portuguese monarch and all his <strong>de</strong>scendants could<br />
possess in perpetuity any lands conquered from the infi<strong>de</strong>ls. the<br />
only major disparity between this version of Ineffabilis et Summi and<br />
the one granted to Isabel and Fernando was that it explicitly cautioned<br />
other Christian princes not to molest, impe<strong>de</strong> or wage war<br />
against Manuel I and his <strong>de</strong>scendants. the Portuguese sovereign<br />
was likewise instructed by the Pope not to impinge upon the territories<br />
of other Christian rulers. the version of Ineffabilis et Summi<br />
granted to King Manuel mentioned the fact that, by means of his<br />
ambassadors, the king of Portugal had conveyed to the pope his<br />
“intention to fight the infi<strong>de</strong>ls in the manner of his forbearers”. 49<br />
as the mo<strong>de</strong>rn historian Charles Martial <strong>de</strong> Witte has pointed out,<br />
the lands to which Ineffabilis et Summi referred were clearly those of<br />
north africa rather than any other future territorial conquests that<br />
might result from the naval expedition to India which was also been<br />
concurrently planned by Manuel. 50 the Pope was, of course, an -<br />
xious not to affront the rulers of Castile and aragón and thus<br />
chose to remain <strong>de</strong>liberately vague in the terms and expressions<br />
used in the bull. this vagueness was not a new <strong>de</strong>velopment in the<br />
diplomacy of the Papal Curia and had been already employed by<br />
Pope alexan<strong>de</strong>r in 1493-4 to preserve the balance of power and<br />
peace between both Iberian realms. 51 From Manuel’s point of view,<br />
49 “...et ad se<strong>de</strong>m ipsam successu temporis conuerti sane pro parte tua nobis nuper per venerabilem<br />
fratrem nostrum Georgium Episcopum Albanensem sanctae Romae ecclesie Cardinalem vlixbonensem<br />
nuncupatur expositum sint quod tu qui more tuorum progenitorum intendis Infi<strong>de</strong>lium expugnationi<br />
vacare <strong>de</strong>si<strong>de</strong>ras...» J. MaRtInS Da SIlVa MaRQUeS, Descobrimentos portugueses. Documentos para<br />
sua história (lisbon, 1944), Vol. 3, 479-480, doc. 315.<br />
50 CH-M. De WItte, ‘les bulles pontificales et l’expansion Portugaise au xVe siècle’,<br />
Revue d’Histoire Ecclésiastique, 53 (1958), 452-3.<br />
51 H. VanDeR lInDen, ‘alexan<strong>de</strong>r VI, and the <strong>de</strong>marcation of the maritime and colonial<br />
domains of Spain and Portugal, 1493-1494’, The American Historical Review, 22 (1916), 1-20.<br />
57