the effect of the particle size distribution on non-newtonian turbulent ...

Chapter 3 Experimental Work Page 3.11
(c) Pressure Transducers
A Gould PD3000 pressure transducer was used for differential pressure measurement.
The transducer employs a strain gauge bridge to convert differential pressure to an
electrical output which can <strong>the</strong>n be read. The diaphragm is made <strong>of</strong>Hastelloy C with
a 316 stainless steel body.
3.3.2 Flow Measurement
(a) Magnetic Flow Meters
The magnetic flow meters that were used for <strong>the</strong> East Rig were manufactured by Kent
Instruments (80mm pipeline) and Krone Instruments (150mm & 200mm pipelines).
The principle <strong>of</strong> operation <strong>of</strong> both magnetic flow meters used is similar. Firstly, a
magnetic field is set up across <strong>the</strong> bore <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> magnetic flow meter. Liquid flowing
through <strong>the</strong> metering tube will cut <strong>the</strong> magnetic field and thus develop an induced emf
in <strong>the</strong> liquid. This emfis detected by two electrodes in <strong>the</strong> wall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> metering tube.
The emfis proportional to <strong>the</strong> flow velocity multiplied by <strong>the</strong> magnetic field strength.
The transducer signal is digitised by a data logger.
3.4 CALIBRATION
The transducers and magnetic flux flow meters are re-ealibrated at regular intervals to ensure
accuracy for collecting research data. The transducers are calibrated at <strong>the</strong> start <strong>of</strong>each day
and <strong>the</strong> flow meters at <strong>the</strong> start <strong>of</strong> each week as well as during a test run.
3.4.1 Pipeline
(a) Pipeline Diameter
The internal pipeline diameter (D) is measured by filling a known length (L) <strong>of</strong> pipe
with water. The amount <strong>of</strong> water required to fill <strong>the</strong> pipe is weighed (Mw) and <strong>the</strong>