the effect of the particle size distribution on non-newtonian turbulent ...

Appendix B Conference Paper
4.3.3 Kaolin Clay
Four sets <strong>of</strong>kaolin clay tests were first conducted to confirm <strong>the</strong> results already obtained
by Slatter (1994). The results obtained supported <strong>the</strong> existing data set.
4.3.4 Mixture Kaolin Clay & Sand
Tests using a mixture <strong>of</strong>kaolin clay and sand were conducted in order to obtain a higher
representative <strong>particle</strong> <strong>size</strong> and different PSD to <strong>the</strong> existing data set.
4.3.5 Theoretical Models
The turbulent flow performance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>oretical models is tabulated in Table III
showing <strong>the</strong> average percentage error from <strong>the</strong> turbulent experimental data. Of <strong>the</strong>
<strong>the</strong>oretical models under consideration Slatter's model best predicted <strong>the</strong> test data. The
WJ1son & Thomas and Torrance models under-predicted head loss regularly. The
Kemblowski & Kolodziejski model was also considered, however it did not produce
accurate results, significantly over-predicting <strong>the</strong> head loss.
Table III : Turbulent Model Performance: - Average Percentage Error
[;] Test ISlurry I D&M I Torr. I W&T I K&K I Slatter I
1 KSMRLIO Kaolin/Sand 65.68 4.89 21.51 324.83 6.60
2 KSERLlO Kaolin/Sand 26.18 18.05 30.27 232.41 17.78
3 KSERMIO Kaolin/Sand 12.77 21.56 24.89 32.69 10.06
4 KSERSIO Kaolin/Sand 31.85 34.66 38.46 12.99 4.86
5 KSMRL20 Kaolin/Sand 7.22 11.60 12.54 286.07 4.18
6 KSERL20 Kaolin/Sand 10.61 3.54 20.85 265.16 11.93
7 KSERM20 Kaolin/Sand 6.55 12.01 14.95 33.64 6.63
8 KSERS20 Kaolin/Sand 17.50 21.72 28.06 21.53 7.89
9 KSMRL30 Kaolin/Sand 64.79 4.25 18.79 246.03 4.63
10 KSERL30 Kaolin/Sand 23.56 12.54 26.56 245.00 24.69
11 KSERM30 Kaolin/Sand 12.50 19.85 23.21 34.71 5.43
12 KSERS30 Kaolin/Sand 24.94 27.55 35.32 44.25 8.32
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