the effect of the particle size distribution on non-newtonian turbulent ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 1 Introduction Page lA flow, which in turn affects <strong>the</strong> viscous sub-layer. However, even with findings such as <strong>the</strong>se, most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>oretical models which have been proposed to predict turbulent flow behaviour have not taken into account <strong>the</strong> <strong>size</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>particle</strong>s inherent in <strong>the</strong> fluid. In fact Mun (1988) states that <strong>particle</strong> <strong>size</strong> is <strong>the</strong> most frequently overlooked piece <strong>of</strong> data in published literature data. Only as recently as 1994 was a new model been proposed by Slatter (1994) to account for not only <strong>the</strong> rheology <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> . slurry but also <strong>the</strong> representative <strong>particle</strong> <strong>size</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> solids. 1.2 OBJECTIVE The aim <strong>of</strong> this study is to model turbulent flow using Slatter's model as well as o<strong>the</strong>r models already well established in <strong>the</strong> literature, to determine <strong>the</strong> <strong>effect</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> PSD on non Newtonian flow in pipes and to anaiyze <strong>the</strong> results. The majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> test work conducted by Slatter (1994) was done using kaolin clay as <strong>the</strong> solids material with only 15 % <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tests having a representative <strong>particle</strong> <strong>size</strong> exceeding 50jLm. The average representative <strong>particle</strong> <strong>size</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> remaining tests was 29JLm. This study is essentially a continuation <strong>of</strong> work conducted by Slatter (1994) and hence tests were conducted using kaolin clay to first confirm <strong>the</strong> accuracy <strong>of</strong> Slatter's model. Fur<strong>the</strong>r tests were <strong>the</strong>n carried out using a mixture <strong>of</strong> kaolin clay and rock flour (mixture 1) and a mixture <strong>of</strong> kaolin clay, rock flour and sand (mixture 2) in order to obtain a representative <strong>particle</strong> <strong>size</strong> higher than that tested by Slatter (1994) and to observe <strong>the</strong> influence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>particle</strong> <strong>size</strong> and <strong>the</strong> <strong>particle</strong> roughness <strong>effect</strong> on turbulent flow predictions using <strong>the</strong> various <strong>the</strong>oretical models.
Chapter 1 Introduction Page 1.5 1.3 METHODOLOGY The following steps were undertaken with <strong>the</strong> above objective in mind. 1.3.1 Literature Review The literature review covers <strong>the</strong> following <strong>the</strong>oretical models: - Newtonian approximation - Dodge and Metzner (1959) - Torrance (1963) - Kemb10wski & Kolodziejski (1973) - Wilson & Thomas (1985) - Slatter (1994) The correlation <strong>of</strong> Maude & Whitmore (1956, 1958) is also reviewed as it is <strong>the</strong> only correlation previous to Slatter's <strong>the</strong>oretical model to take any account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>particle</strong> <strong>size</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> suspension. 1.3.2 Experimental Work Experimental work was conducted at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong>Cape Town's Hydrotransport Facility using a pumped recirculating pipe test rig consisting <strong>of</strong>pipe diameters 25mm, 80mm, 150mm and 200mm. 1.3.3 Analyses <strong>of</strong> Data The aforementioned <strong>the</strong>oretical models were used to anaIyze <strong>the</strong> data obtained.
Page 1 and 2: THE EFFECT OF THE PARTICLE SIZE DIS
Page 3 and 4: Preamble DECLARATION Page iii I, Ga
Page 5 and 6: Preamble ACKNOWLEDGEMENrS Page v I
Page 7: Preamble Page vii CHAPTER 1: INTROD
Page 10 and 11: Preamble 3.8 Experimental Procedure
Page 12 and 13: Preamble Page xii LIST OF FIGURES P
Page 14: Preamble Page xiv 4.5 Optimum repre
Page 17 and 18: Preamble NOMENCLATURE Svrnbol Descr
Page 19 and 20: Preamble T shear stress Pa T y yiel
Page 23: Chapter I For example: Introduction
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 2
Page 33: Chapter 2 Literature Review Page 2.
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 2 Literature Review Viscous
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 2 Literature Review • ..P
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 2 Literature Review Page 2.
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 2 Literature Review 2 o Q2
Page 75:
3.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 3 EXPERIME
Page 79 and 80:
Chapter 3 Experimental Work Page 3.
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83:
Page 87 and 88:
Chapter 3 Experimental Work Table 3
Page 90:
Page 93:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 101:
Chapter 4 Results and Analysis Page
Page 120:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
5.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTERS DISCUSSIO
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter 5 Discussion Page 5.4 Whate
Page 133:
Chapter 5 Discussion Page 5.6 The n
Page 137:
Chapter 5 Discussion Page 5.10 Mood
Page 141 and 142:
Chapter 5 Discussion Page 5.14 laye
Page 146 and 147:
Chapter 6 Summary and Conclusions P
Page 148:
REFERENCES ALVES G E (1949), Flow <
Page 152:
References Page R.5 METZNER A B (19
Page 155 and 156:
References Page R.8 SPIEGEL M R (19
Page 157 and 158:
APPENDICES
Page 159:
Appendix A Detailed Pipe Test Resul
Page 165:
Page 170:
Page 174:
Page 180:
Page 184:
Page 190:
Page 194:
Page 200:
Page 204:
Page 210:
Page 214:
Page 220:
Page 224:
Page 230:
Page 234:
Page 238 and 239:
APPENDIXB
Page 240 and 241:
Appendix B Conference Paper ABSTRAC
Page 242:
Appendix B Conference Paper where T
Page 246 and 247:
Appendix B Conference Paper 2.4.6.3
Page 248 and 249:
Appendix B Conference Paper B.IO A
Page 254:
Appendix B Conference Paper 4.3.3 K
Page 258 and 259:
Appendix B Conference Paper s solid
Page 260:
Appendix B Conference Paper B.22 SL
show all

the effect of the particle size distribution on non-newtonian turbulent ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?