the effect of the particle size distribution on non-newtonian turbulent ...

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Appendix B Conference Paper 2.4.6.3 Representative Particle Size The wall roughness and <strong>particle</strong> <strong>effect</strong> was taken into account in <strong>the</strong> roughness Reynolds number as given by Slatter (1994). The <strong>effect</strong> <strong>of</strong> roughness on turbulence can be thought <strong>of</strong> as an aggravation at <strong>the</strong> wall which stimulates turbulence. Clearly <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> larger <strong>particle</strong>s will have a more dominant <strong>effect</strong> on turbulence than <strong>the</strong> smaller <strong>particle</strong>s. Also, <strong>the</strong> larger <strong>particle</strong>s will shield <strong>the</strong> smaller ones, reducing <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>effect</strong>iveness in stimulating turbulence (Colebrook, 1939). For all <strong>the</strong> slurries tested to date it was found that <strong>the</strong> d S5 <strong>size</strong> was a good representation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> turbulent roughness <strong>size</strong> <strong>effect</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> solid <strong>particle</strong>s in <strong>the</strong> slurry ie
Appendix B Conference Paper IfRe, < 3,32 <strong>the</strong>n smooth wall turbulent flow exists and <strong>the</strong> mean velocity is given by :.Y.- = 2,5 In [-!.] + 2,5 In Re + 1,75 . V. dss • ' If Re,. > 3,32 <strong>the</strong>n fully developed rough wall turbulent flow exists and <strong>the</strong> mean velocity is given by Y.- [-!.] = 2,5 In + V. dss 4,75 , and <strong>the</strong> friction factor is constant. This correlation produces a transition from <strong>the</strong> smooth to <strong>the</strong> rough flow condition which is abrupt. Tests conducted by Slatter (1994) confirmed <strong>the</strong> model to be more accurate than <strong>the</strong> Torrance (1963) model and Wilson & Thomas (1985, 1987) model, when evaluated against experimental data. 2.4.7 Data from <strong>the</strong> Literature Experimental data obtained by Sive (1988) was used in <strong>the</strong> analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various models under consideration. The tests conducted by Sive (1988) were done using a mixture <strong>of</strong> kaolin clay and a relatively coarse quartz sand, which resulted in a heterogeneous, settling slurry. The purpose <strong>of</strong> using this data was to see if <strong>the</strong> coarse, settling <strong>particle</strong>s contributed to <strong>the</strong> turbulent flow headloss, as proposed by <strong>the</strong> Slatter model. 3. EXPERIMENTAL WORK The test facility at ucr which was used had four different pipe diameters namely 25mm, 80mm, 150mm and 200mm nominal bore and slurries were tested at mean velocities ranging from 0, Imls to 8m/s. Slurries tested included kaolin clay and mixture <strong>of</strong> kaolin clay and fine sand at varying ratios. (10) (11) (12) B.9
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THE EFFECT OF THE PARTICLE SIZE DIS
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Preamble DECLARATION Page iii I, Ga
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Preamble ACKNOWLEDGEMENrS Page v I
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Preamble Page vii CHAPTER 1: INTROD
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Preamble 3.8 Experimental Procedure
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Preamble Page xii LIST OF FIGURES P
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Preamble Page xiv 4.5 Optimum repre
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Preamble NOMENCLATURE Svrnbol Descr
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Preamble T shear stress Pa T y yiel
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Chapter I For example: Introduction
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Chapter 1 Introduction Page 1.5 1.3
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CHAPTER 2
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Chapter 2 Literature Review Page 2.
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Chapter 2 Literature Review Viscous
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Chapter 2 Literature Review 2 o Q2
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3.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 3 EXPERIME
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Chapter 3 Experimental Work Page 3.
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Chapter 3 Experimental Work Table 3
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Chapter 4 Results and Analysis Page
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5.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTERS DISCUSSIO
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Chapter 5 Discussion Page 5.4 Whate
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Chapter 5 Discussion Page 5.6 The n
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Chapter 5 Discussion Page 5.10 Mood
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Chapter 5 Discussion Page 5.14 laye
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Chapter 6 Summary and Conclusions P
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REFERENCES ALVES G E (1949), Flow <
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References Page R.5 METZNER A B (19
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References Page R.8 SPIEGEL M R (19
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APPENDICES
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Appendix A Detailed Pipe Test Resul
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